Abnormal Psych Chapter 1

Unconditional Positive Regard

Acceptance by the counselor of the client's feelings and actions without judgment or condemnation

an example of the Freudian defense mechanism known as displacement?

Adam is criticized by his teacher in front of other students. When h goes home, his dog runs to him, and Adam kicks the dog.

Psychoanalysis

Assessment and therapy pioneered by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes exploration of, and insight into, unconscious processes and conflicts

Match the treatment with the corresponding theory of behavior: Behavioral Model, Moral therapy, Psychoanalytic Theory, Humanistic Theory. "Classical Conditioning, systematic desensitization, and operant conditioning."

Behavioral Model

Repression

Blocks disturbing wishes, thoughts, or experiences from conscious awareness

Check your understanding of these historical theories and match them to the treatments used to "cure" abnormal behavior: Bloodletting (induced vomiting), patient placed in socially facilitative environments, exorcism (burning at the stake). "The humoral theory reflected the belief that normal functioning of the brain required a balance of four bodily fluids or humors."

Bloodletting (induced vomiting)

____ is the release of tension following the disclosure of emotional trauma, whereas ____ is the increased understanding of current feelings and past events

Catharsis; Insight

All of the following are part of clinical description EXCEPT? (thoughts, Causes, Feelings, Behaviors)

Causes

Psychoanalytic Model

Complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces.

Before feeding her dog, Anna always gets his food out of the pantry. When she opens the pantry door, her dog begins to salivate. The dog's salvation is a(n):

Conditioned Response

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

Contemporary version of psychoanalysis that still emphasizes unconscious processes and conflicts but is briefer and more focused on specific problems. It is significantly briefer than classical psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapists deemphasize the goal of personality reconstruction, focusing instead on relieving the suffering associated with psychological disorders

Match the following words that are used in clinical descriptions with their corresponding examples: Presenting problem, prevalence, incidence, prognosis, course, and etiology. "The pattern a disorder follows can be chronic, time limited or episodic."

Course

Clinical Description

Details of the combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder

Sublimation

Directs potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into social acceptable behavior

Acute Onset

Disorders that begin suddenly

Insidious Onset

Disorders that develop gradually over an extended period of time

Use the best definition of abnormality to describe the specific person's situation: Societal norm violation, impairment in functioning, dysfunction, or distress. "Miguel recently began feeling sad and lonely. Although still able to function, he finds himself feeling down much of the time and worries about what is happening to him. Which of the definitions of abnormality apply to Miguel's Situation?"

Distress

Match the following words that are used in clinical descriptions with their corresponding examples: Presenting problem, prevalence, incidence, prognosis, course, and etiology. "Biological psychological, and social influences all contribute to a variety of disorders."

Etiology

Check your understanding of these historical theories and match them to the treatments used to "cure" abnormal behavior: Bloodletting (induced vomiting), patient placed in socially facilitative environments, exorcism (burning at the stake). "Supernatural causes; evil demons took over victims' bodies and controlled their behaviors."

Exorcism

Projection

Falsely attributes own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts to another individual or object

Oedipus Complex

Freud asserted that all young boys have envy or anger towards their fathers and end up wanting to love their mothers

Match the treatment with the corresponding theory of behavior: Behavioral Model, Moral therapy, Psychoanalytic Theory, Humanistic Theory. "Person-Centered therapy with unconditional motive regard"

Humanistic Theory

Use the best definition of abnormality to describe the specific person's situation: Societal norm violation, impairment in functioning, dysfunction, or distress. "Three weeks ago, Jane, a 35-year-old business executive, stopped showering, refused to leave her apartment, and started watching television talk shows. Threats of being fired have failed to bring Jane back to reality. Which of the definitions of abnormality apply to Jane's behavior?"

Impairment in Functioning and Dysfunction

Match the following words that are used in clinical descriptions with their corresponding examples: Presenting problem, prevalence, incidence, prognosis, course, and etiology. "Three new cases of bulimia have been reported in this country during the past month and only on in the next country."

Incidence

describes the order in which biological treatments for mental disorders were introduced?

Insulin therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, neuroleptic drug therapy

Dr. Roberts, a psychiatrist, often prescribes medication to his patients for their psychological problems. Dr. Roberts has what type of degree?

MD

Scientist-Practitioner

Mental health professional expected to apply scientific methods to his or her work. Must know the latest research on diagnosis and treatment, must evaluate his or her methods for effectiveness, and may generate research to discover information about disorders and their treatment.

Mental Hygiene Movement

Mid 19th century effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public of their mistreatment

Object Relations

Modern development in psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them

Principle of the Superego

Moral Principle

Match the treatment with the corresponding theory of behavior: Behavioral Model, Moral therapy, Psychoanalytic Theory, Humanistic Theory. "Treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible and encouraging social interaction and relationship development"

Moral Therapy

Prevalence

Number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time

Neurosis

Obsolete psychodynamic term for a psychological disorder thought to result rom an unconscious conflict and the anxiety it causes

B. F. Skinner is known for introducing the concept of ____, the belief that behavior can influence and change the environment

Operant Conditioning

Presenting Problem

Original complaint reported by the client to the therapist. The actual treated problem may be a modification derived from this

Check your understanding of these historical theories and match them to the treatments used to "cure" abnormal behavior: Bloodletting (induced vomiting), patient placed in socially facilitative environments, exorcism (burning at the stake). "Maladaptive behavior was caused by poor social and cultural influences within the environment."

Patient placed in socially facilitative enviornments

Principle of the Id

Pleasure Principle

Prognosis

Predicted development of a disorder over time

Match the following words that are used in clinical descriptions with their corresponding examples: Presenting problem, prevalence, incidence, prognosis, course, and etiology. "Elizabeth visited the campus mental health center because of her increasing feelings of guilt and anxiety"

Presenting Problem

Match the following words that are used in clinical descriptions with their corresponding examples: Presenting problem, prevalence, incidence, prognosis, course, and etiology. "How many people in the population as a whole suffer from OCD"

Prevalence

The ____ describes the number of people in a population who have a disorder, whereas the ____ describes how many new cases of a disorder occur within a given period.

Prevalence, Incidence

Self-Actualizating

Process emphasized in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences

Match the following words that are used in clinical descriptions with their corresponding examples: Presenting problem, prevalence, incidence, prognosis, course, and etiology. "Maria should recover quickly with no intervention. Without treatment, John will deteriorate rapidly."

Prognosis

Match the treatment with the corresponding theory of behavior: Behavioral Model, Moral therapy, Psychoanalytic Theory, Humanistic Theory. "Hypnosis psychoanalysis-like free association and dream analysis, and balance of the Id, Ego, and Superego."

Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Psychoanalytic concept of the sequence of phases a person passes through during development. Each stage is named for the location on the body where the Id gratification is maximal at that time. Freud said that if we did not receive appropriate gratification during a specific stage or if a specific stage left a particularly strong impression (which he termed fixation) an individual's personality would reflect the stage throughout adult life.

Transference

Psychoanalytic concept suggesting that clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures, particularly their parents

Ego Psychology

Psychoanalytic theory that emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributes psychological disorders to failure of the ego to manage impulses and internal conflicts. Also known as self psychology

Dream Analysis

Psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream content is examined as symbolic of Id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts

Free Association

Psychoanalytic therapy technique intended to explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious. The patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring

Catharsis

Rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy

Principle of the Ego

Reality principle

Psychopathology

Scientific study of psychological disorders

Life-Span Developmental Psychopathology

Study of abnormal behavior across the entire age span

Reaction Formation

Substitutes behavior, thoughts, or feelings that are the direct opposite of unacceptable ones

During the 19th century, the biological tradition of psychological disorders was supported by the discovery that a bacterial microorganism, _____, could result in psychotic symptoms and bizarre behaviors in advanced stages.

Syphillis

Which of the following is NOT a historical model of abnormal behavior? (The Psyche Model, The Biological Model, The Supernatural Model, The Psychological Model)

The Psyche Model

Major Facets of Psychoanalytic Model

The structure of the mind and the distinct functions of personality that sometimes clash with one another. The defense mechanisms with which the mind defends itself from these conflicts. The stages of psychosexual development that contributes to our inner conflicts.

Psychoanalyst

Therapist who practices psychoanalysis after earning either an MD or a PhD degree and receiving additional specialized post doctoral training

Person-Center Therapy

Therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor, primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility

Displacement

Transfers a feeling about, or a response to, an object that causes discomfort onto another; usually less threatening, object or person

Electra Complex

Young girls want to replace their mother and have extreme lust for their fathers

Collective Unconscious

accumulated wisdom of a culture collected and remembered across generations, introduced by Carl Jung

Hierarchy of Needs

beginning with our most basic needs for food and sex and ranging upward to our needs for self-actualization, love and self esteem. Maslow said we cannot progress up the hierarchy until we have satisfied the needs at lower levels

Defense Mechanisms

common pattern of behavior, often an adaptive coping style when it occurs in moderation, observed in response to a particular situation. Psychoanalytic theory suggests that these are unconscious processes originating in the ego

Rationalization

conceals the true motivations for actions, thoughts, or feelings through elaborate reassuring or self-serving but incorrect explanations

Intrapsychic Conflicts

in psychoanalytic theory, a struggle among the id, ego, and superego.

Incidence

number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period of time

Unconscious

part of the psychic makeup that is outside the awareness of the person

Course

pattern of development and change of a disorder over time

Denial

refuses to acknowledge some aspect of objective reality or subjective experience that is apparent to others

Etiology

study of origins. Cause or source of a disorder (includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions)

Castration Anxiety

the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers

Superego

the psychic entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents in society

Ego

the psychic entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy the Id drives.

Developmental Psychopathology

the study of changes in abnormal behavior

Developmental Psychology

the study of changes in behavior over time

Empathy

the sympathetic understanding of the individual's view of the world

Id

the unconscious psychic entity present at birth representing basic drives. The source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings or energies.

Countertransference

therapists project some of their own personal issues and feelings, usually positive, onto the patient