Abnormal Psych Chapter 2

Which of the following statements are true of deep brain stimulation? (Select all that apply.)

A pulse generator is placed under the skin and delivers stimulation to specific brain areas. Electrodes are surgically implanted in specific areas of the brain. Electrodes are connected to a pulse generator.

Which of the following newer medications seem to be effective in treating psychosis without some of the side effects of the earlier drugs?

Atypical antipsychotics

Which of the following are parts of a neuron? (Select all that apply.)

Axon Dendrites Cell body

Lithium's side effects include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Blurred vision Nausea Tremors

Which area of the hindbrain is concerned primarily with the coordination of movement?

Cerebellum

Which of the following statements are true about chromosomes? (Select all that apply.)

Chromosomes contain individual genes, which are segments of DNA. Chromosomes determine inherited characteristics. Alterations in the structure or number of chromosomes can cause major defects.

Which of the following are psychological approaches to treating abnormality? (Select all that apply.)

Cognitive approaches Humanistic approaches Behavioral approaches Psychodynamic approaches

Which of the following is the procedure in which electrodes are surgically implanted in specific areas of the brain?

Deep brain stimulation

The hypothalamus regulates which of the following behaviors? (Select all that apply.)

Drinking Sexual behavior Eating

Which of the following statements reflects the best rationale for using drugs to treat psychological disorders?

Drugs improve the functioning of neurotransmitter systems.

Which neurotransmitter inhibits the action of other neurotransmitters?

GABA

Which of the following is not a part of a neuron?

Glia

Which structure of the forebrain is involved in regulating eating, drinking, and sexual behavior?

Hypothalamus

In vagus nerve stimulation, information is transmitted to various areas of the brain, including which of the following?

Hypothalamus and amygdala

Which is a significant side effect of a lobotomy?

Inability to initiate activity

GABA is which of the following?

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Tardive dyskinesia has which symptoms?

Involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth or jaw

The pituitary gland is called the master gland because of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

It controls the secretions of other endocrine glands. It produces the largest number of different hormones.

hich of the following statements are true about the cerebral cortex? (Select all that apply.)

It is composed of two hemispheres. It is divided into four lobes. It is involved in advanced thinking processes.

Which of the following are the two main chemicals in the brain?

Neurotransmitters and hormones

Cocaine and amphetamines prolong the action of which neurotransmitter, causing the stimulating psychological effects of these drugs?

Norepinephrine

Which neurotransmitter is produced mainly by neurons in the brain stem?

Norepinephrine

Which area of the hindbrain is important for attentiveness and the timing of sleep?

Pons

Native American healing processes focus on which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Religious practices of the individual Psychology Physiology

Which of the following is a new procedure that exposes patients to repeated, high-intensity magnetic pulses focused on particular brain structures?

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Which of the following are new technologies that are now being used to deliver mental health care with promising effectiveness? (Select all that apply.)

Smart phone applications The Internet

Which of the following is the part of the neuron that, when stimulated, releases a neurotransmitter?

Synaptic terminal

Which structure of the forebrain is the sensory relay station to the cerebrum?

Thalamus

Polygenic refers to which of the following?

The effect of multiple genes on a trait

Which of the following is not true about synaptic transmission?

The impulse travels down the dendrite to cause the release of more neurotransmitters.

People from different cultures who seek psychotherapy may face with which of the following difficulties?

The therapy is not adapted to their culture

Which of the following are true about humanistic approaches to abnormal behavior? (Select all that apply.)

They are based on the assumption that humans have an innate capacity for goodness. They are based on the assumption that humans have an innate capacity for living a full life. They argue that the environment can play a large role in our happiness or unhappiness.

Which of the following is true of neurotransmitters?

They carry impulses from one neuron to another.

Which of the following are dangers of using benzodiazepines? (Select all that apply.)

They cause withdrawal symptoms of profuse sweating. They are highly addictive. They cause withdrawal symptoms of irritability.

Which of the following are advantages of sociocultural approaches? (Select all that apply.)

They do not blame the victim. They raise the consciousness of society to change the social conditions of people at risk.

Which of the following are true about biological therapies for people with psychological disorders? (Select all that apply.)

They have revolutionized treatment. They allow many people with psychological dysfunction to lead normal lives. They have helped us to treat many people successfully.

Which of the following statements apply to family systems theories and therapies? (Select all that apply.)

They see the family as a complex interpersonal system. The family system can function well and promote the well-being of its members. They see the family with its own hierarchy and rules that govern family members' behaviors.

True or false: Biological theories appeal to people because they lessen the blame associated with the development of a mental illness.

True (Biological theories do appeal to people because they lessen the blame associated with the development of a mental illness.)

Behavior genetics is concerned with which of the following questions? (Select all that apply.)

What are the processes by which genes affect behavior? To what extent are behavioral tendencies inherited?

When does degradation occur?

When the receiving neuron releases an enzyme into the synapse that breaks down the neurotransmitter into other biochemicals

Which of the following are dangers of using barbiturates? (Select all that apply.)

Withdrawal delirium Highly addictive Withdrawal convulsions

Besides lithium, which drugs are also being used in the treatment of mania?

anticonvulsants

_______ drugs reduce symptoms of depression.

antidepressant

Which of the following drugs reduce low motivation and sleep and eating disturbances?

antidepressants

Which types of drugs help reduce hallucinations and delusions?

antipsychotic drugs

For which purpose are benzodiazepines most often used?

as sleeping pills

Which of the following is the part of the neuron that is a long, slender, tubelike extension?

axon

Which of the following were the first group of antianxiety drugs?

barbiturates

The study of the genetics of personality and abnormality is called which of the following?

behavioral genetics

What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called?

cerebral cortex

A _______ is a a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes.

chromosome

Paul is feeling depressed and anxious, mostly because he feels that his boss is looking for a reason to fire him. Paul is a hard worker, and in reality, his boss is considering him for a promotion. According to the _________ theories, Paul's thoughts and beliefs are the cause of his abnormal behaviors.

cognitive

Several of the third-wave approaches combine behavioral and __________ therapy with mindfulness meditation practices derived from Zen Buddhism.

cognitive

A number of the assumptions inherent in mainstream psychological therapies can clash with the values and norms of people in certain Blank 1 of 1.

cultures

Which of the following is the procedure in which electrodes are surgically implanted in specific areas of the brain?

deep brain stimulation

Which of the following is the process in which receiving neurons release an enzyme into the synapse that breaks down the neurotransmitter into other biochemicals?

degradation

Which of the following is the part of the neuron that consists of short branches and receives impulses from adjacent neurons?

dendrite

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective for the treatment of which of the following?

depression

Which neurotransmitter is prominent in those areas of the brain associated with our experience of rewards or reinforcements?

dopamine

Which transmitter is important to the functioning of muscle systems and plays a role in disorders such a Parkinson's disease?

dopamine

Which of the following is the most common biological treatment for abnormality?

drug treatment

The ______ system consists of a system of glands throughout the body.

endocrine

Which approaches see the family as a complex interpersonal system with its own hierarchy and rules that govern family members' behavior?

family systems

_______ give coded instructions to cells to perform certain functions, usually to manufacture certain proteins.

genes

Which area of psychology has taken the lead in researching the efficacy of delivering interventions using new technology?

health psychology

Which part of the limbic system plays a role in memory?

hippocampus

Chemicals that travel throughout the body potentially affecting a person's moods, levels of energy, and reactions to stress are called which of the following?

hormones

Messenger chemicals traveling throughout the body are called which of the following?

hormones

The endocrine system secretes messenger chemicals called which of the following?

hormones

The various psychological approaches to treating abnormalities are the behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, family system, third-wave, and ______________ approaches.

humanistic

________ theories are based on the assumption that humans have an innate capacity for goodness and for living a full life.

humanistic

According to the behavioral perspective, maladaptive behaviors are which of the following?

learned

________ is widely used as a mood stabilizer and is a metallic element.

lithium

The two main chemicals in the brain are ______________ and hormones.

neurotransmitters

What biochemicals act as messengers by carrying impulses from one neuron to another?

neurotransmitters

The first group of antipsychotic drugs was known as _____.

phenothiazines

________ were the first group of antipsychotic drugs.

phenothiazines

Which gland in the endocrine system is called the master gland?

pituitary gland

Many psychological disorders occur because of the impact of numerous genetic influences. This is referred to as a _______ effect.

polygenic

Which type of prevention programs stop the development of disorders before they start?

primary

According to which perspective is behavior determined by the unconscious?

psychodynamic perspective

Moniz developed the lobotomy to treat which of the following?

psychotic disorders

Behavioral approaches focus on the influence of reinforcements and _____ in producing behavior

punishments

The neurotransmitter is released into the gap and binds to special _________, molecules on the membrane of adjacent neurons.

receptors

The process of ___________ occurs when the initial neuron releasing the neurotransmitter into the synapse reabsorbs the neurotransmitter.

reuptake

Originally developed to treat ______________, electroconvulsive therapy was a common form of treatment up to the 1970s.

schizophrenia

Which neurotransmitter plays an important role in depression?

serotonin

Which neurotransmitter plays an important role in emotional well-being?

serotonin

What type of approach suggests that we need to look beyond the individual or even the family to the larger society to understand people's problems?

sociocultural

Which approach emphasizes the role of war, famine and natural disasters as a transdiagnostic risk for the development of mental health problems?

sociocultural

Information goes from one neuron to the next at which of the following?

synapse

The gap between neurons is called the _________ gap.

synaptic

The _________ directs incoming information from sense receptors to the cerebrum.

thalamus

When does reuptake occur?

the initial neuron releasing the neurotransmitter into the synapse reabsorbs the neurotransmitter.

Which of the following approaches view poor regulation of emotions as risk factors at the core of many forms of psychopathology?

third wave approaches

Which of the following is one word that best describes the central focus of the cognitive perspective?

thoughts

True or false: Anticonvulsants used to treat mania have fewer side effects than lithium.

true

According to psychodynamic theorists, psychopathological behavior can only be understood by examining which of the following?

unconscious

Which of the following is the procedure in which electrodes are attached to the vagus nerve?

vagus nerve stimulation