Abnormal Psych Exam 2 with taylor
Knowing what we know about the neurotransmitter imbalances in bipolar disorder, a physician should give which of the following pieces of advice?
"Don't take drugs that increase dopamine levels because they can produce manic-like behavior"
What core belief might explain the behavior of the individual with dependent personality disorder?
"I am helpless"
Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the development of histrionic personality disorder?
"If I am not fun, they will abandon me"
Nadia has been depressed for several months. She is considering cognitive therapy. What advice would you give her?
"Many studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive therapy and it seems to prevent relapse."
According to your textbook, each very high-risk antisocial youth may cost society between ____ and ____ in rehabilitation, incarceration, and costs to victims.
$1.2 million; $2 million
Which of the following is most likely to attempt, but not complete, suicide?
14-year- old Joan who has been depressed since her parent's divorce
The average duration of an untreated episode of depression is
6-9 months
The National Comorbidity Survey-Replication indicated ________ percent of people with mood disorders receive no treatment or inadequate care
60
Cluster __________ Personality Disorders include Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorders.
A
What cyclical pathway can develop that eventually leads to obesity?
A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight.
In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person MUST have
A depressed mood most of the day for at least 2 weeks
One proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur. Which change was this?
A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis
People with hypochondriasis tend to rely on maladaptive thoughts that increase their vulnerability to this somatic symptom issue. Which of the following statements would be an example of those thoughts?
A sore throat is a major problem. It could be cancer or some other deadly disease no matter what the doctor says
Which statement about the risk of suicide is true?
About half of people who complete suicide do so in the recovery phase of a depressive episode
Which of the following best explains why conversion disorder is a less common diagnosis today than it was historically?
Advances in the medical field have patients more sophisticated about medical and psychological disorders
Which of the following statements about the role of genetics as a risk factor for eating disorders is true?
Although the findings to date are mixed, the evidence does indicate that a susceptibility to eating disorders may be inherited along with a diathesis for other psychological conditions.
What is meant by the phrase "double depression"?
An individual with dysthymia later develops major depressive disorder as well
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder?
Antagonism and neuroticism
________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse
Antisocial
Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?
Appetite and weight loss
Cluster __________ personality disorders include Histrionic and Borderline Personality Disorders.
B
Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder controversial?
Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior
____________is the most common form of eating disorder.
Binge-eating disorder
Which of the following is true? a. Neither unipolar nor bipolar disorder have a strong genetic contribution. b. Unipolar and bipolar disorders have an equally strong genetic contribution. c. Unipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than bipolar disorder. d. Bipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than unipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than unipolar disorder
Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have?
Borderline
Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder?
Borderline
What do the somatic symptom and dissociative disorders have in common?
Both appear to be ways of alleviating anxiety.
Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders?
Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.
Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders?
By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior
Cluster __________ Personality disorders include avoidant and dependent personality disorders.
C
Callie and Raquel both have problems with binging and purging. They both eat large evening meals and both then purge what they have eaten. Callie engages in this three to four times a week, and Raquel does so once a week on Sundays. What would be the diagnosis for each of these individuals?
Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.
Depression during adolescence
Can affect a person into young adulthood
Which of the following would eliminate a potential diagnosis of cyclothymia?
Carol was absolutely convinced that her mother wanted to kill her, although there was no evidence for this.
Drugs that alter the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are not clinically effective in the treatment of depression for several weeks. Which of the following does this finding suggest?
Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, cause depression
Personality disorders were once known as
Character disorders
Which of the following summarizes the posttraumatic theory for the origin of DID?
Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape."
A major depressive episode is considered to be __________ when the symptoms do not remit for over 2 years.
Chronic
Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from
Cluster A
The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold.
Cluster C Personality Disorders/Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Symptoms of what disorder are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder?
Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder
Which of the following disorders was once the most frequently diagnosed disorder amount soldiers in World War I?
Conversion disorder
______ involves a pattern in which symptoms or deficits affecting the senses or motor behavior strongly suggest that the patient has a medical or neurological condition.
Conversion disorder
The hormone __________ has been found to be elevated in most patients hospitalized with major depressive disorder.
Cortisol
Which statement best describes the relationship between mood disorders and domestic distress?
Critical comments trigger negative affect in the spouse
According to sociocognitive theory,
DID may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician.
In which of the following disorders is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most commonly seen?
Dependent personality disorder
What is the link between dieting and eating disorders?
Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.
In which of the following disorders must symptoms be present for at least 2 years in order for a diagnosis to be made?
Dysthymia
Sean describes himself as having hardly ever being happy. He occasionally feels okay, but it never lasts more than a day or so. He has trouble sleeping, doesn't eat much, and feels like nothing will ever change in his life. He says this has been going on for as long as he can remember. The best diagnosis for Sean is
Dysthymia
In her mid-thirties, Cheryl became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still not happy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Cheryl's case?
Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.
When a person experiences dissociative amnesia, one main type of memory is usually affected. Which?
Episodic memory (the events we have experienced)
Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate?
Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.
Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa?
Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.
Why has the term "multiple personality disorder" been replaced with "dissociative identity disorder"?
Fully developed personalities are not present in DID, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality.
Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders?
Grandiosity
Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing the amount of criminal activities of people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?
Growing older
In what way was Freud's view of conversion disorder consistent with behavioral theories?
He believed that the symptoms of conversion disorder were maintained by the relief from anxiety they provided
Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia?
Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?
High conscientiousness and low compliance
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of histrionic personality disorder?
High extraversion and high neuroticism
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder?
High impulsivity and affective instability
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder?
High introversion and high neuroticism
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder?
High introversion and low openness to feelings
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of dependent personality disorder?
High neuroticism and high agreeableness
After her dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had caused to her teeth, Hilda realized that she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hilda was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging sub-type. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hilda immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hilda's case?
Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.
Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with?
Histrionic
Which of the following personality disorders might be the female equivalent of antisocial personality disorder?
Histrionic
Which of the following is the type of attribution that is most likely to cause depression?
I am never going to make it through this course because I'm stupid and I just can't learn the material.
Which of the following reactions to poor test performance suggests a cognitive diathesis for depression?
I'll never understand this
______________is the disorder in the DSM-5 used to replace hypochondriasis without somatic symptoms.
Illness anxiety disorder
Which of the following has been demonstrated about the effects of dissociative amnesias on memory?
Implicit memory is generally intact.
Which of the following is an explanation for the increased prevalence of DID?
Increased public awareness of DID.
Which of the following characterizes the prevalence of eating disorders in Iran?
Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States
Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder?
Irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior
Why is the timeframe 6 months important in diagnosing pain disorder?
It determines whether the symptoms are acute or chronic
Which of the following is true about the monoamine hypothesis of depression?
It has not been replaced by a compelling alternative
Which of the following is most commonly true of the host identity in DID?
It is not the original identity.
Which of the following is a true statement about rapid cycling in bipolar disorders?
It is seen in 5-10 percent of those with bipolar disorder
Which of the following is true of major depressive episode?
It is the most prevalent mood episode
What is one reason why the prevalence of DID has been increasing?
It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities.
Following the rejection of his latest novel, Jim experienced an inability to make some movements with his right hand. While he was unable to write, he could scratch and make other simple motions with his affected hand. Two weeks later he was able to write again. What is unique about Jim's case of conversion disorder?
Jim is male, and most people with this disorder are women.
John and Ira eat dinner together after work. Several hours later, each starts to feel nausea and stomach pains. John is a hypochondriac, Ira is not. Most likely
John will think that he has stomach cancer and Ira will think the food he ate made him sick
Which of the following is most suggestive of dissociative identity disorder?
Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day.
Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa ?
Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance.
Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity?
Low parental education
Which of the following neurochemical profiles has been associated with manic episodes?
Low serotonin, high norepinephrine, high dopamine
Brittany came to a therapist complaining that she just doesn't enjoy life lately. She says that for the past couple of months, she finds she just doesn't feel like doing the things that she used to love to do. She has also lost a lot of weight and sleeps much more than usual but still feels tired all the time. She says she just can't concentrate on anything. However, she denies feeling sad. Brittany's most likely diagnosis is
Major depressive disorder
George, a 22-year- old mechanic, always seems to have a cloud over his head. For the past three weeks, he has had problems sleeping and he has little appetite or enjoyment of food. While he may sometimes seem to be relatively content for short periods of time, this happens very rarely and it never lasts for more than a week. If George were to seek help for his negative mood state, which of the following diagnoses would he most likely receive?
Major depressive disorder
Two months after her husband's death, Connie was still not herself. She often forgot to feed the dog, was late for work on a regular basis, and had not yet thrown out his clothes. Which of the following diagnoses could apply to Connie according to the DSM-5?
Major depressive disorder
What are the two key moods involved in mood disorders?
Mania and Depression
Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?
Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy
Jacob and Matt both flunk their math test. Jacob says to his friends that there is no point in his continuing in the course because, although Jacob feels highly about himself, he suspects that the teacher just doesn't like him. Matt says he is going to drop the course because he is just stupid in math. According to the reformulated learned helplessness theory,
Matt is more likely to become depressed than Jacob
For adolescents with anorexia nervosa, the best studied family therapy approach is known as the __________ model.
Maudsley
Herbert awakens early in the morning and feels more depressed in the morning than the evening. He has lost all interest in activities and derives no pleasure from things that used to please him. If he is suffering from major depression, Herbert's symptoms suggest the subtype called
Melancholic
Which of the following is true? a. Most first time episodes of depression are preceded by a very stressful life event. b. Both first time and recurrent episodes of depression are usually preceded by a very stressful life event. c. Even mildly stressful events are associated with the onset of episodes of depression. d. Mildly stressful events are only associated with the onset of first time depression, not with recurrent episodes.
Most first time episodes of depression are preceded by a very stressful life
Which of the following is a true statement about the recurrence of depressive symptoms?
Most individuals diagnosed with major depression will exhibit a recurrence
Which disorder would include intentionally taking drugs in order to stimulate various real illnesses?
Munchausen's syndrome
Parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder?
Narcissistic
Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy?
Night-time security guard who works alone
Octavia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). She has seventeen different "alters," which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual?
No aspect of this case is unusual.
What is the relationship between obesity and social class?
Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children.
John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest?
Obsessive-compulsive
What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common?
Oddness or eccentricity
Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult?
One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness
____________is the diagnosis given when a person has persistent and severe pain in one or more areas of the body, and it is not feigned or does not have medical causes.
Pain disorder
Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders?
Paranoid and schizotypal
Which of the following is most commonly found in families of girls with anorexia?
Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance.
Which of the following statements about rumination is true, according to the ruminative response styles theory?
People who ruminate a great deal tend to have more lengthy periods of depressive symptoms.
What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have
Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality disorders?
People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.
Which of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering?
People with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms, malingerers will be more cautious.
How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type?
People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.
Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders?
Personality may be altered by malnourishment.
An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate?
Psychopathy
What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa?
Relapse rates are high but recovery can often happen in the long run.
Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder?
Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention
Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have?
Schizoid
People with __________ are usually unable to form social relationships and have little interest in them.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia?
Schizotypal
Which of the following is a common component of cognitive behavioral treatments for antisocial personality?
Self-critical thinking
After learning of her father's death, Sophia felt dazed and confused but still retained her sense of self. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she felt like she was in a movie watching the events happening to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was happening and did the things that she needed to do. What can be said of Sophia's response to her father's death?
She experienced an instance of derealization.
Which of the following is an example of arbitrary inference?
She looked at me funny. She hates me.
Which statement about bipolar I disorder is accurate?
Single episodes of the disorder are extremely rare
_____________ is the disorder in which a person has many different physical symptoms from different areas of the body and the symptoms cannot be explained by medical findings.
Somatic symptom disorder
Dan's various medical complaints and hospital stays finally led him to psychiatrist. After a thorough medical and psychological evaluation, the twenty-eight-year-old teacher and father of two was diagnosed with both depression and somatization disorder. What is atypical about this case summary?
Somatization disorder is seen much more commonly in women
In studies of the long-term outcomes of women treated for eating disorders, which of the following predicted poor outcomes for those diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia?
Substance abuse
According to your textbook, which of the following statements is true about the relationship between religion and rate of suicide?
Suicide rates in both Catholic and Islamic countries are low.
How does dysthymia compare to major depressive disorder?
Symptoms are mild to moderate but last for much longer than in major depressive disorder
Which of the following might explain why rates of depression are low in China and Japan?
Symptoms of depression tend to be discussed as somatic
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms?
The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance
What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to?
The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders
Which statement about personality disorders is accurate?
The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity
Which of the following statements about obesity and health is true?
The heavier the person, the greater the health risks.
Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders?
The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another
Which of the following statements is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorder?
The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution
What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) as compared to the eating disorders currently found in the DSM?
The patient age is usually older.
A nurse in an emergency room sees many illnesses and reported illnesses. A group of psychology students are listening to her speak and one asks her what might be one way to tell the difference between a conversion disorder and a true organic disturbance. Which of the following would be a valid answer?
The patient shows no signs of atrophy in damaged areas.
The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it:
The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive
According to the DSM-5, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis?
The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.
Which of the following best accounts for why women are more likely to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men?
The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women
Why is it not wise to treat an individual who has a bipolar disorder with a tricyclic antidepressant?
The unpleasant side effects cause many to stop taking them
Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why?
Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders?
There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables.
Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate?
There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.
What do all mood disorders have in common?
They are characterized by emotional extremes
Which of the following is true of opposite sex alters in DID?
They are quite common.
Why does the person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder have problems in interpersonal relationships?
They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work
Why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment?
They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change
Two types of mood disorders are __________ and bipolar depressive disorders
Unipolar
In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese?
United States
Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial personality and psychopathy?
Using charm to make a strong first impression
Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder?
Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment
Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders in the 20th century is true?
While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.
Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women?
While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.
Which of the following is most likely to attempt suicide?
a 25-year- old divorced woman
Although bipolar I disorder is described as "bipolar"
a depressed episode is not necessary for a diagnosis
Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is
a form of self-punishment
About half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualify for a diagnosis of ________ at some time.
a mood disorder
Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that
a need for approval or attention is not displayed
An example of dissociative trance disorder is
a person who believes he or she is at times possessed by a spirit and is extremely upset because of this.
People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has
a personality disorder
Dialectical behavior therapy is
a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder
What is a pseudoseizure?
a seizure that resembles an epileptic seizure but is different
The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that
a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.
Who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder?
a. A child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder b. A child with oppositional defiant disorder c. A child with conduct disorder All of the above
Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat
adolescents.
Which of the following is a controversial aspect of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?
amenorrhea
Which of the following is a brain area that has been found to exhibit abnormalities in depressed patients?
amygdala
A diagnosis of bipolar II disorder indicates that the person has experienced
an episode of hypomania and an episode of major depression
A diagnosis of bipolar I disorder indicates that the person has met DSM-5 criteria for
an episode of mania
The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is
an inability to form attachments to other people
Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because
anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia.
Cindy is 5 ' 6" tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food - several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes - all in an evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy's most likely diagnosis is
anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type.
The inability to learn new information is known as
anterograde amnesia.
Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
Henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely
antisocial personality disorder
The most common kind of speech-related conversion reaction is
aphoria
Stressful life events
appear to increase the time to recovery from a manic episode
Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who
are attention-seeking and overly emotional
In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder
are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships
According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability
are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma
Your textbook authors report that rigorously designed and controlled studies on the treatment of dissociative identity disorder
are nonexistent.
Independent life events are those that
are out of the client's control
The research on the association between borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse
are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important.
Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities
are strikingly different from Brigid.
The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders
are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences
Kerry suffers from depression. He is experiencing delusions that his brain is deteriorating and that he is aging quickly. These delusions
are typical of depressive delusions because they are mood congruent
Individuals with personality disorders
are unable to perform some roles expected by society
Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is
assimilation into white culture and middle class values.
The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________
attention; admiration
Which of the following is an example of a COGNITIVE diathesis for depression
attributing negative events to internal causes
Deena has major depressive disorder. Most days she feels very sad, but when her sister came and told Deena she was going to be an aunt, Deena felt happy for a little while. She has been gaining weight and sleeping much of the day. Deena most likely has
atypical features
If Ronald is typical of people with hypochondriasis, he will
avoid accepting a psychological explanation for his problems
Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would fall apart if any man criticized me in the slightest." This description best matches the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.
avoidant
Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is
avoidant personality disorder
Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to
be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection
Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to
be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did
Why are family attitudes about obesity important?
because the consequences are likely to remain with us
One factor that is especially likely to produce depression relapse is
behavior by a spouse that can be interpreted as criticism
Individuals with somatic system disorders
believe that their symptoms are real and serious
Delilah is overweight. She likes to eat cookies and other sugary snacks, and often eats an entire package at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows how important weight is to health, but she does not engage in any compensatory behaviors. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis?
binge eating disorder
Set-point theory explains why
binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction.
Angela has had several periods of extremely "up" moods. They last for a couple of weeks and she has gotten into trouble several times. During those times she doesn't sleep, spends way too much money, gets involved in bad business decisions, talks quickly and thinks even more quickly and believes she can do anything. The best diagnosis for Angela is
bipolar I disorder
Carleen comes to therapy because she is feeling sad. Carleen says her she has often had periods of extreme sadness in the past and they typically last between 6 and 8 months. During those times she overeats, has trouble sleeping, feels exhausted all the time, and thinks a lot about dying. At other times, however, Carleen says she feels wonderful. During those times, which last about a week, she gets a lot done, feels as if she could do anything, talks a lot and quickly, doesn't sleep, but doesn't feel tired. Carleen says her "up" times are great and have never caused her any trouble. Carleen's most likely diagnosis is
bipolar II
Which of the following is likely to put whites at higher risk of developing an eating disorder than non-whites?
body dissatisfaction
Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder.
borderline
Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder
borderline
Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self- image, and mood best characterize
borderline personality disorder
The finding that people with one type of serotonin transporter gene and childhood maltreatment had higher rates of depression than either those without the gene or those with the gene without the maltreatment suggests that
both a gene and certain environmental factors need to be present to cause depression.
The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that
both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.
Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis are similar in that
both pay more attention to bodily sensations and see them as symptoms
Jill's marriage has suffered ever since the birth of her second child. Since the birth, she has been depressed and has had little interest in intimacy with her husband. Jill feels unattractive with the additional weight she carries since the birth and has been rejecting her husband's advances. After discussing her feelings with Dr. Tora, Dr. Tora has decided to prescribe her an antidepressant. Considering the problems she has been having in her marriage, which of the following is Dr. Tora most likely to prescribe?
bupropion
There is a general agreement among researchers that personality
can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions
Depression
can occur even in infants and very young children
Once a dissociative fugue ends, people
can remember their past but cannot remember what happened during the fugue.
Which of the following is a danger associated with obesity?
cancer
Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of cyclothymia?
clinically significant distress or impairment
Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
cognitive-behavioral therapy
"Postpartum blues" are
common, usually brief, and not a disorder
Pain disorder is easier to treat than somatization disorder because it is less ______.
complex
A new disorder in DSM-5 is
conversion disorder
Which of the following was once viewed as form of "hysteria"?
conversion disorder
The most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is
criticism
Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have?
cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats
Lori has periods of dejection and apathy that are not as severe as are seen in major depression. She also has periods when she abruptly becomes elated and has little need for sleep. Her symptoms never reach the level of psychosis, but the mood swings have been recurrent for over four years. The best diagnosis for Lori is
cyclothymia
Bipolar disorder is to major depression as ________ is to ________.
cyclothymia; dysthymia
A common sign of bulimia nervosa is
damaged teeth and mouth ulcers.
Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa?
death
The most effective treatment to date for somatization disorder
decrease healthcare expenditures
Which of the following is most likely to be seen in children who are at risk for depression?
decreased left hemisphere activity
The current prevalence of conversion disorder is
decreasing as sophistication about disorders increases
Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder
dependent
John's erratic behavior finally ruined his marriage. What kind of life event would this be described as?
dependent
People who lack self-confidence despite good skills, who panic at the possibility of being separated from their spouse, and remain in abusive relationships have many of the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.
dependent
Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is
dependent personality disorder
The disorder involving the experience of sudden loss of the sense of self is
depersonalization disorder.
What disorders are often comorbid with eating disorders?
depression and personality disorders
The best current research shows that children of parents with antisocial personality disorder who were adopted into other families
developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the quality of their adoptive family
In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths
did not show normal fear potential startle responses
Cross-cultural studies of mood disorders are made difficult due to
differences in diagnostic practices
Although Charlie remembered most of the main issues of the meeting, he had no recollection of the decision to eliminate the department that he headed. Which disorder would be in effect?
dissociative disorder
Assuming a new identity in a new place is characteristic of
dissociative fugue.
Gerard became amnesic, wandered away from home and assumed a completely new identity as a shoe salesman. He suffers from
dissociative fugue.
In soap operas, characters often forget their past experience following some trauma. They don't merely forget the traumatic event, they forget who they are, where they came from - they lose almost all memory of their lives. They then move to a new place and start a new identity. This would best be described as an instance of
dissociative fugue.
A person with two or more well-developed identities has the disorder called
dissociative identity disorder.
Margaret has been suffering with dysthymia for several years and has sought treatment on several occasions. About one month ago she developed more severe symptoms of depression, which have been maintained almost daily. The condition she is experiencing is best described as
double depression
A recent in-depth study by Lewis and colleagues of 12 convicted murderers diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder looked into their backgrounds. The study found strong evidence that
each was severely abused, both physically and sexually.
The director of a city health department wants to know who is most likely to complete suicide in her city. The group with the highest risk is
elderly men with chronic physical illnesses
Quentin is severely depressed and presents an immediate and serious suicidal risk. In the past he has not responded to tricyclics. A wise course of action is to treat him with
electroconvulsive therapy because it can rapidly reduce symptoms
Behavior activation treatment
emphasizes activity and involvement in interpersonal relationships
Many people who are depressed
enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have larger amounts of REM sleep early in the night.
The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that
environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased.
Jill did not remember the accident happening or her graduation a couple of months ago. What form of memory loss is this characteristic of?
episodic
Families of people with anorexia
exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism.
The text presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she
experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation.
Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa with purging. We should expect that she
experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.
A review of several studies found that ________ increased the likelihood of developing a more severe depression
experiencing a stressful life event
Sociocognitive theory
explains why symptoms of DID are often not seen until after treatment is initiated.
Experimental studies of DID find that interpersonality amnesia exists for
explicit memories.
Munchausen's syndrome by proxy is a variant of which of the following disorders?
factitious disorder.
Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?
fear of being or becoming fat
The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her
fear of rejection
While there is much support for some elements of Beck's cognitive theory,
findings supporting it as a causal hypothesis are limited
Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder
focuses more on observable behaviors
All of the following are diagnosed as somatic symptom disorders EXCEPT
fugue disorder
Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from
generalized social phobia
The hormone __________ is the hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite.
grehlin
Jeremy suffers from dissociative amnesia. He probably
had trouble remembering information stored before a traumatic incident.
A person who shows psychotic depression that involves mood-congruent thinking
has a poorer prognosis than others with major depression
Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she
has acute discomfort when she is alone
Obesity
has been increasing in many countries, including the United States.
Somatization disorder, as defined in DSM-IV,
has been subsumed into somatic symptom disorder
Lithium
has both antimanic and antidepressant effects
Sara notices a lump on her side. She goes to her physician because she is worried that it is cancer. The physician sends her for a biopsy. During the three weeks between first noticing her lump and getting her results that it is not cancer, Sara was almost unable to function. She felt constant anxiety and thought constantly about having cancer. After she found out that she did not have cancer, Sara felt much better. Sara
has no mental disorder
Individuals who do not show a decrease in cortisol levels in response to an injection of dexamethasone
have an HPA axis that is not functioning normally
People with pain disorders tend to
have fewer somatic symptoms
A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that
he is basically alone
Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of
histrionic personality disorder
Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men?
homosexuality
According to set-point theory
hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point.
According to the revisions made for the DSM-5, most people previously diagnosed with ________ will be diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder
hypochondriasis
Dysfunctional assumptions about symptoms and diseases are a component of a cognitive-behavioral explanation of
hypochondriasis
Evan is terrified because he is convinced that he has a terminal heart condition. He has consulted with several physicians about it who have found no evidence of any heart disease. Interestingly, Evan continues to feel terrified even when doctors find no physical problem. His diagnosis is probably
hypochondriasis
Repsonse prevention has been used in the treatment of
hypochondriasis
Catastrophizing about minor bodily sensations is characteristic of individuals with both
hypochondriasis and somatization disorder
The diagnosis of __________ occurs when symptoms are similar to a manic episode but are milder.
hypomanic episode
Gastric bypass surgery makes it
impossible to binge eat, but still possible to regain weight.
According to Paris (2007), a key causal factor in borderline personality disorder seems to be
impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss.
Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis differ because
in somatization disorder, people are concerned about multiple different physical symptoms, in hypochondriasis, people are concerned about having an organic disease
Which of the following is a hormonal abnormality associated with both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression?
increased cortisol levels
When a nondepressed student lives with a depressed roommate, which of the following often results?
increased rejection and hostility in the roommate who was not originally depressed
Sibutramine acts to reduce appetite by
inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
The treatment goal for most therapists who treat dissociative identity disorder is
integration of the alter personalities.
A therapist with a ________ orientation would emphasize the depressed person's need to improve his or her social skills.
interpersonal
Which of the following has been indicated as the best approach in the treatment of binge eating disorder?
interpersonal psychotherapy
Binge-eating disorder
involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain.
According to Freud, depression
is a consequence of loss
Grehlin
is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.
Leptin
is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake.
The five- factor model
is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
is a noninvasive biological treatment for depression
Lanugo
is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia.
Selective abstraction
is a tendency to focus on one negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects.
Binge-eating disorder
is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5.
Dissociation
is extremely common and not necessarily pathological.
Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder
is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms
Earl falls at work. The initial medical tests showed no major physical problems. However, Earl calls the next day and tells his boss that he is unable to use his right leg because it is paralyzed. He also informs his boss that he plans to sue the company. Earl most likely
is malingering
Childhood depression
is more likely in children with a depressed parent
Childhood suicide
is one of the top ten causes of death for children in the United States
A recurrent depressive episode
is preceded by one or more previous episodes
The presence of psychopathy
is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism
The mindset of people with bulimia and people with anorexia
is very different - people with anorexia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder.
A relationship between depression and marital dissatisfaction
is well-established
Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders,
it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers
Which of the following is a behavioral explanation for depression?
lack of environmental reinforcers
No matter what prisoners try to do, they cannot escape. Eventually, they become passive and depressed. This illustrates the central idea in the ________ theory of depression
learned helplessness
The hormone __________ reduces our intake of food.
leptin
Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their
level of emotionality
Reynaldo has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most effective drug for him is
lithium
In the study mentioned in the text, the German man who had dissociative fugue denied that he could speak German. However, he learned German-English word pairs much faster than control words. This supports that
mainly episodic memory is lost, implicit memory stays intact.
Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of
malingering
When a person intentionally produces symptoms and is motivated by incentives, this is known as __________ .
malingering
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a reluctance to discuss symptoms?
malingering
Alan fell off a ladder at work and claims he is in intense back pain, even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He does not like to talk about it and keeps quiet other than his report to his attorney. Caleb fell off a ladder at work and claims he hurt his back too even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He talks about it all of the time in great detail. Which diagnosis would seem to fit each man?
malingering in Alan and conversion disorder in Caleb
Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders because
many of the personality disorders share common features
Ginger suffers from anorexia. She is often angry and irritable. These feelings
may be the result of her starving herself.
In the treatment of eating disorders, medications
may be useful, but are not a primary treatment.
Comfort food
may help reduce activation in the stress response system.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
may lead to sexual problems
A hypomanic episode is best described as a
mild manic episode
Diane's treatment for depression included training in meditation techniques that helped her become aware of her unwanted negative thoughts and to accept them as just thoughts. She was undergoing
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is
mistrustful
Sam has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. He tells you that he is certain the world will end next Tuesday because everyone in it is so wicked. He refuses to consider that he might be wrong. Sam has
mood congruent delusions
Efforts to find the gene or genes that underlie bipolar disorder suggest that
multiple genes are involved
Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as
multiple personality disorder
At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain the development of ________ personality disorder.
narcissistic
Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. This self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with ________ personality disorder.
narcissistic
Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from
narcissistic personality disorder
Internalizing the "thin ideal" is strongly associated with
negative affect.
In order to make a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the client must
not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa.
Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined?
obesity
Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM?
obesity
Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set routine. He probably suffers from ________ personality disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
Beck's negative cognitive triad involves feeling negatively about
one's self, one's experiences, and one's future.
There is debate as to the relationship between DID and abuse because
other factors correlated with abuse may be the true causal factors in DID
Recent estimates suggest that about 50 percent of those with DID have
over ten identities.
What is the most serious challenge in treating eating disorders?
overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment
Research on hypochondriasis has shown that people with the disorder tend to
overestimate the dangerousness of diseases
Ruan has diabetes but has no trouble functioning. One day, his wife informs him that she is leaving him. Ryan suddenly develops terrible pain in his back, to the point that he is unable to get out of bed. His wife agrees to stay for "a while" to take care of him. Ryan probably has
pain disorder associated with psychological factors
Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.
paranoid
One of the reasons it is difficult to know if a disruption in the serotonin system causes eating disorders is
people with eating disorders often have depression as well.
Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder?
perfectionism
Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD,
personality disorders develop gradually
Recent research on relapse among bipolar patients suggests that
personality styles interact with stress to increase the likelihood of relapse
The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is
personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder.
Parental loss only results in a vulnerability to depression when
poor parental care is a consequence of the loss
Depressogenic schemas
predispose a person to develop depression
In the individual with DID, "switches" between identities
produce gaps in memory.
In addition to altering the eating patterns of clients with Binge Eating Disorder, therapists using cognitive-behavioral therapy will also
provide factual information about eating and dieting.
People with __________ have more selfish, callous, and exploitative behaviors than those with antisocial personality disorder.
psychopathy
All of the following are associated with DID except
psychosis.
Seasonal affective disorder is best described as a ________ depressive disorder.
recurrent
Over the past two years, Kelly has experienced depressive episodes three different times. Two of the three episodes occurred in the winter and the third occurred last fall. It is now winter and Kelly's depressive symptoms once again are consistent with major depressive disorder. Which of the following diagnoses should she be given?
recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern
A rapid return of symptoms immediately after drug treatment is terminated is a common example of ________; a return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a ________
relapse; recurrence
The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder.
schizoid
While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd.
schizoid; schizotypal
Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ________ personality disorder.
schizotypal
Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder.
schizotypal
Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is
schizotypal personality disorder.
A different kind of depression related to the total amount of light a person receives is often called __________ .
seasonal affective disorder
Debbie receives her paper back from her instructor. It is marked with an A grade and has several positive comments. The instructor also suggested Debbie reword one small section. Debbie becomes extremely upset and tells her friends her instructor hated the paper and wants her to redo it. This is an example of
selective abstraction
Because they were regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders in DSM-IV were
separated from mood disorders
A dysfunction in which of the following neurotransmitters has been observed in both anorexics and bulimics?
serotonin
The neurotransmitter called __________ is implicated in obesity.
serotonin
What neurotransmitter seems to be involved in both eating disorders and depression?
serotonin
The text presented the case of Mary Kendall, who suffered from dissociative identity disorder. She is typical of individuals with this disorder in that
she has periods of "lost time."
Melissa is severely depressed and wants to commit suicide. If she is typical of most individuals who commit suicide,
she is ambivalent about committing suicide
Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict
she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.
Joanne tends to blow up at people and then feel guilty. She worries a lot. She complains that she just doesn't really find anything exciting and life is boring. Joanne
shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression.
Which of the following is a medication currently approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of obesity?
sibutramine
Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are
somatic symptom disorder
After bariatric surgery,
some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight.
Donna has borderline personality disorder. She is in therapy, but progress is slow. One problem is that some days she thinks her therapist is the most wonderful person in the world. On other days, she thinks he is worthless and untrustworthy. This type of thinking is called
splitting
What would be the most helpful to a person with pain disorder?
staying physically active despite the pain
A sophisticated prospective study of the role of stressful life events in bipolar disorder by Ellicott, Hammen, and colleagues found that
stress did not play a lesser role with the occurrence of more episodes
Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders
suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice..
A lack of body distortions among the Amish
suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples.
Studies of the brains of individuals with DID
support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.
The effectiveness of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder
supports the role of dopamine in mania
The "clusters"; of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on
symptom or feature similarities
Which of the following best explains the current trend in the prevalence of obesity?
the adoption of unhealthy lifestyles
The main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is
the amount of social and occupational impairment
The borderline personality differs from histrionic disorder in that
the central role of sexuality is not present
"Normal" feelings of depression becomes a mood disorder when
the degree of impairment is judged severe enough to warrant a diagnosis
Set-point theory about weight suggests that
the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges.
Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?
the occurrence of at least one manic episode
Abramson revised the learned helplessness theory to suggest that
the pessimistic attributional style people have about negative events produces depression.
Which of the following is a major risk factor for panic disorder, depression, and other anxiety disorders?
the presence of neuroticism
Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia?
the use of laxatives
The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that
this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting
There has been little systematic research conducted on dissociative amnesia and fugue, yet some studies have revealed new information. Which of the following would be a source of this information?
use of different brain imaging methods to determine where loss of function occurs
When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know
very little.
Three types of purging or compensatory behaviors that people with bulimia may engage in are __________ , laxative abuse, or excessive exercise.
vomiting
Freud suggested that depression
was anger turned inward
What is the most important characteristic used to distinguish dysthymia from major depression?
whether there are occasional brief periods of normal moods during the disorder
Ellen is underweight but not less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She often restricts her eating because she is intensely fearful of becoming fat. She purges at least twice a week, even though she does not eat large amounts of food at any sitting. According to the DSM-5 she should be diagnosed
with purging disorder.
The majority of individuals who ATTEMPT suicide are ________ and the majority of those who COMPLETE suicide are ________
women and people between age 18 and 24; men and people over age 65
Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat,
works modestly well for obesity.
When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body,
young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.