Abnormal Psychology - Psychological Approaches and Psychological Assessment

Finding treatments for psychological health issues is of great importance as it is estimated that _______ percent of adults experience a mental health issue in any given year. a. 25 b. 75 c. 10 d. 50

a. 25

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? a. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. b. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. c. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. d. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.

a. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

When studying psychological disorders, Ernesto learns that the diathesis-stress model suggests that a. certain biological or environmental factors make us vulnerable to mental illness, but do not directly cause it. b. an individual's ability to cope with stress is the best predictor of mental disorders. c. when stress is sufficiently intense, anyone can develop a mental disorder. d. mental disorders are common in families experiencing a high level of stress.

a. certain biological or environmental factors make us vulnerable to mental illness, but do not directly cause it.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities." a. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological" b. change the word "abnormalities" to the word "anomalies" c. change the word "disorders" to the word "pathologies" d. change the word "perspective" to the word "theory"

a. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"

Walter is an alcohol abuser who, thanks to the recommendation from his therapist, is using a computer game to try and train himself to avoid stimuli related to alcohol and more automatically interpret these stimuli negatively. This emerging treatment strategy is called what? a. cognitive bias modification b. symptom-tracking treatment c. play therapy d. implicit bias therapy

a. cognitive bias modification

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress." a. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress" b. change the first appearance of the word "stress" with the word "trauma" c. change the second appearance of the word "disorder" with the word "diathesis" d. change the word "predisposition" to the word "susceptibility"

a. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress"

Which of the following people is most associated with the pioneering of cognitive therapies? a. Fritz Perls b. Aaron Beck c. Carl Rogers d. Sigmund Freud

b. Aaron Beck

A therapist asks a client to record his thoughts, along with how these thoughts make him feel, for a week. When they next meet, they review this list and discuss different ways that these thoughts might be illogical. This description BEST characterizes a session of what kind of therapy? a. dynamic psychotherapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. emotion-focused therapy d. client-centered therapy

b. cognitive-behavioral therapy

Agonists generally _______ activity at the synapse while antagonists generally ______ activity at the synapse. a. slow; speed b. increase; decrease c. decrease; increase d. speed; slow

b. increase; decrease

Beck's cognitive triad does NOT include negative views about ______. a. oneself b. the past c. the future d. the world

b. the past

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with psychoanalysis? a. European-Union laws only allow Europeans to be certified in this therapy b. there is a lack of empirical support for its effectiveness c. the low cost of the technique makes some potential clients believe that it is not a legitimate therapy d. detailed long-term analysis rarely leads to self-insight

b. there is a lack of empirical support for its effectiveness

According to the diathesis-stress model, mental disorders are caused by both ________ and stress. a. abnormal thought processes b. sociocultural factors c. a predisposition to mental illness d. unconscious conflicts

c. a predisposition to mental illness

The main disadvantage to person-centered therapy is that the treatment is primarily based on unspecific treatment factors such as ________, without considering specific treatment factors to directly target the mental problem. a. the therapy room environment b. the social context of the client c. establishing a good relationship with the patient d. relying on the client to complete homework outside of therapy

c. establishing a good relationship with the patient

Tonya has taken medication that her doctor prescribed. This medication blocks neurotransmitters from binding to a postsynaptic receptor, leaving an abundance of neurotransmitters in the tiny space between the two neurons, also called the __________. a. circuit space b. antagonist c. synapse d. presynaptic neuron

c. synapse

Psychopharmacology can best be defined as: a. using biological interventions, such as physical exercise, to intervene in mental illness b. the study of the role of neurotransmitters in mental illness c. the study of how drugs affect the brain and behavior d. using medications to intervene in mental illness

c. the study of how drugs affect the brain and behavior

In learning theory, classical conditioning applies to involuntary responses, whereas operant conditioning applies to voluntary actions. This distinction ultimately reflects the intellectual legacy of ______. a. Galileo b. Newton c. Galen d. Descartes

d. Descartes

Many psychologists have noticed that certain mental disorders are more common among people living in lower socioeconomic groups. The approach to psychopathology that best accounts for this observation is the ______. a. dimensional approach b. diathesis-stress model c. criteria in DSM-5 d. biopsychosocial approach

d. biopsychosocial approach

The ______ approach to psychotherapy focuses on the experience of the person in the moment and the manner in which he or she interprets these experiences. a. cognitive b. behavioral c. psychodynamic d. existential-humanistic

d. existential-humanistic

Anton is afraid of snakes and seeks therapy for this problem because it is interfering with his ability to work at the zoo. His therapist has Anton stand next to a black string in one session. In the next session he has Anton stand close to a rubber snake. In a later session he has Anton stand near a tank containing a live black snake. This is an example of: a. implosion therapy b. shock therapy c. dialectical therapy d. exposure therapy

d. exposure therapy

Psychoanalysis was developed by Freud and based on _______. a. the notion that dreams are the window into the unconscious b. the need for individuals to receive unconditional positive regard c. the search for self-actualization d. the search for ideas and emotions that are in conflict on an unconscious level

d. the search for ideas and emotions that are in conflict on an unconscious level