Abnormal Psychology Test 1

What are the criteria for abnormal psychology?

- Unusualness - Social Deviance - Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality - Significant personal distress - Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior - Dangerousness

What is abnormal behavior?

Anything causing distress and disability

Why is cultural bases important for distinguishing abnormal behavior?

Behavior that is normal in one culture may be deemed abnormal in another.

What is central to all sciences?

Classification

_______ validity refers to the generalizability of results of an experimental study to other subjects, settings, and times.

External

Based on the demonological model, what is the practice of cutting a hole in the patients skull called?

Trephination

Adoptee studies represent the strongest source of evidence for genetic factors in explaining abnormal behavior patterns.

True

The scientific method tests assumptions and theories about the world through gathering objective evidence (T/F)?

True

What are the criteria for abnormal behavior?

Unusualness, social deviance, faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality, significant personal distress, maladaptive or self-defeating behavior, and dangerousness.

The four steps of the scientific process are...

- Formulating a research question -Framing the research question in the form of a hypothesis -Testing the hypothesis -Drawing conclusions about the hypothesis

A mental disorder is a clinically significant behavioral or psychological pattern that occurs in a person and is associated with _______.

- present distress - disability in one or more functions - a loss of freedom or personal control

What changes came with the DSM 5?

-Removed Axials -Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for disorders -Categorized under broad headings -Empirically grounded, prototype approach to classification

What is the purpose of a clinical assessment?

-Understanding client -Reliability and validity

Identical (MZ) twins share what percentage of their genes?

100%

What percentage of medical issues involve the brain and stress?

80%

What is the medical model?

A biological perspective in which abnormal behavior is viewed as symptomatic of underlying illness.

The four perspectives on therapy include psychodynamic, socialcultural,bioppsychosocial, and _________.

Biblical

Define reliability

Consistency

4. ______________ validity is the degree to which treatment effects can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms represented in the independent variables.

Construct

When making judgment for abnormal behavior, what must be taken into account?

Cultural norms

What are the historical perspectives on abnormal psychology?

Demonological Model, III Humor, Medieval times, Witchcraft, Asylums, Reform Movement, 19 Century-Moral therapy, Mental Health Movement

Is the DSM descriptive or explanatory?

Descriptive

What does DSM stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

True or false - is naturalistic observations a scientific method of study that examines the relationship between factors or variablesexpressed in statistical terms?

False

What is the focus of positive psychology?

Human strength and virtues

3. ______________ validity is the degree to which manipulation of the independent variables can be causally related to changes in the dependent variables.

Internal

2. _____________ is a form of research in which behavior is observed and measured in its natural environment.

Naturalistic observation

The constellation of observable or expressed traits is called_____

Phenotype

What is the difference between psychological disorder and abnormal psychology?

Psychological disorder- pattern of abnormal behavior that is associated with states of emotional distress, such as anxiety or depression or with impaired behavior or ability to function, such as difficulty holding a job or even distinguishing reality from fantasy. Abnormal Behavior- is the branch of psychology that studies abnormal behavior and ways of helping people who are affected by psychological disorders.

A 1950s policy of shifting care from state hospitals to community based treatment did what?

Reformed the mental health systems

5. _____________ study the roles of heredity and the environment in determining behavior, whereas _______________ study the rates of occurrence of particular disorders among different population groups.

b. Kinship studies / Epidemiological studies