Abnormal Psychology Unit 3

Which of the following adult groups has the lowest rates of reported depression? Hispanic Americans Native Americans Black Americans European Americans

Black Americans

________ was formerly known as hypochondriasis (without physical symptoms). Munchhausen's syndrome Factitious disorder Conversion disorder Illness anxiety disorder

Illness anxiety disorder

Which of the following statements is true of light therapy? It may lead to abnormal production of hormones and neurotransmitters. It may decrease serotonin levels, thereby also reducing depression. It may help reduce seasonal affective disorder by resetting circadian rhythms. It works by increasing levels of melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland.

It may help reduce seasonal affective disorder by resetting circadian rhythms.

Which of the following is true of the difference between persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder? Major depressive disorder is more severe and more chronic than persistent depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder is more severe and less chronic than persistent depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder is less severe and less chronic than persistent depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder is less severe and more chronic than persistent depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder is more severe and less chronic than persistent depressive disorder.

Factitious disorders are also referred to as Down syndrome. Tourette's syndrome. Munchhausen's syndrome. Korsakoff's syndrome.

Munchhausen's syndrome.

Which of the following statements about depression is true? Depression is chronic, and people diagnosed with its symptoms are unlikely to recover, even with treatment. The majority of people with depression seek treatment as soon as symptoms first appear. People with depression often do not seek treatment, as they expect to overcome their symptoms on their own. People with major depression lose an average of 60 days of work per year.

People with depression often do not seek treatment, as they expect to overcome their symptoms on their own.

________ have a higher-than-normal prevalence of mania. Political leaders Athletes Poets Academicians

Poets

When people first begin taking a(n) ________Blank, they sometimes report feeling "jittery" or having a feeling of "crawling out of one's skin." SSRI MAOI SNRI tricyclic antidepressant

SSRI

Which of the following is the main problem associated with using lithium to treat mood disorders? It has caused mental impairment in over 20 percent of the people who have taken it. The difference between an effective dose of lithium and a toxic dose is small. Lithium increases the likelihood of completed suicidality by 40 percent. It has proved ineffective when used in combinations with vitamins and dietary supplements.

The difference between an effective dose of lithium and a toxic dose is small.

Which of the following is true of bipolar disorder? A relatively common pattern in bipolar disorder is for episodes to get longer but less frequent over time. The length of individual episodes of bipolar disorder varies greatly from one person to the next. Most people with bipolar disorder swing from mania to depression and back again within a day. Only about 10 percent of people with bipolar disorder have multiple cycles during their lifetimes.

The length of individual episodes of bipolar disorder varies greatly from one person to the next.

Which of the following represents one of the difficulties in diagnosing somatic symptom disorders? The person has difficulty pinpointing the physical discomfort. The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect. The person is usually unaware of physical symptoms of an ailment. The person does not consciously produce or control the symptoms

The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect.

The effects of overactivity in the ________ may bias people toward aversive or emotionally arousing information. hippocampus prefrontal cortex anterior cingulate amygdala

amygdala

A loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities is called anxiety. anhedonia. dissociation. depression.

anhedonia.

In the treatment of somatic symptom disorder, ________ therapies attempt to determine and eliminate the reinforcements individuals receive for their symptoms, while increasing positive rewards for healthy behavior. behavioral psychodynamic humanistic cognitive

behavioral

People with functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder) are usually aware of a traumatic experience that could have precipitated the disorder. identify with more than three personalities within themselves. can be difficult to treat because they cannot believe the ailment is psychological. usually seek psychological treatment for physical symptoms.

can be difficult to treat because they cannot believe the ailment is psychological.

Juan often misinterprets his bodily symptoms, which results in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dizziness. He regularly states, "If the pain doesn't stop soon, it will probably cause damage to the other parts of my body." Juan is most likely ________ the symptoms of his somatic symptom disorder. underestimating catastrophizing self-medicating self-diagnosing

catastrophizing

Cognitive therapies for somatic symptom disorder focus on providing insight into the client's somatization symptoms and discussing early childhood experiences. challenging the client's maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teaching them techniques for appropriate interpretations. designing a behavior modification plan with punishers to discourage maladaptive ways of thinking. identifying the behavioral reinforcers that contribute to the manifestation of symptoms.

challenging the client's maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teaching them techniques for appropriate interpretations.

Which of the following has been linked by research to somatic symptom disorder? axis 1 disorder childhood physical and sexual abuse substance abuse anorexia nervosa

childhood physical and sexual abuse

Three demographic factors are especially relevant to sociocultural theories of depression: cohort effects, gender, and religious background. urban background. ethnic/racial background. rural background.

ethnic/racial background.

Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a factitious disorder imposed on another. factitious disorder imposed on self. somatic symptom disorder imposed on another. psychosomatic disorder imposed on self.

factitious disorder imposed on another.

Cam faked her symptoms to gain medical attention. She exaggerated her symptoms to the point that exploratory surgery was conducted. Cam most likely has a somatic symptom disorder. psychosomatic disorder. factitious disorder imposed on another. factitious disorder imposed on self.

factitious disorder imposed on self.

Learned helplessness theory suggests that frequent stressful events can make people believe their situation is uncontrollable. stressful events only perpetuate if people are inactive participants in their life's decisions. people learn to be helpless by watching others' lack of motivation. people with depression are too dependent on their families.

frequent stressful events can make people believe their situation is uncontrollable.

The reformulated learned helplessness theory focuses on people who habitually explain negative events with causes that are instable, external, and specific. external, specific, and global. internal, stable, and global. specific, instable, and internal.

internal, stable, and global.

A person filled with grandiose self-esteem, displaying rapid speech and impulsive behaviors, and showing an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least one week is exhibiting symptoms of OCD. stress. catatonia. mania.

mania.

People with bipolar II disorder experience episodes that meet the criteria for major depression, but have stronger symptoms of psychomotor agitation. milder symptoms of psychomotor retardation. stronger episodes of mania known as hypermania. milder episodes of mania known as hypomania.

milder episodes of mania known as hypomania.

Cyclothymic disorder is a form of bipolar disorder that is less severe but more dangerous. more cyclic. more chronic. more difficult to treat.

more chronic.

According to studies, women are ________ likely than men to attempt suicide and ________ likely than men to complete suicide. less; more more; more less; less more; less

more; less

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as ________ disorder multiple personality multiple disintegration dissociative personality bipolar

multiple personality

Martina gave birth to twins two weeks ago. She finds herself weeping while she is changing the twins or feeding them. She is irritable and has had little sleep since their birth. Martina feels guilt and shame because she says a good mother would be able to take care of her children. The subtype of major depression Martina is most likely suffering from is depression with: atypical features. peripartum onset. catatonic features. melancholic features.

peripartum onset.

A disorder that has high comorbidity with DID is somatoform disorder. autism spectrum disorder. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. posttraumatic stress disorder.

posttraumatic stress disorder.

Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered their somatization symptoms? behavioral existential psychodynamic cognitive-behavioral

psychodynamic

When people with dissociative identity disorder report hearing voices talking inside their heads, they may be misdiagnosed as having bipolar disorder with psychotic features. major depressive disorder. brief psychotic disorder. schizophrenia.

schizophrenia.

Functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder) is usually characterized by sensory and motor deficits. loss of memory. multiple personalities. pain in different areas of the body.

sensory and motor deficits.

The ________ disorders are a group of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause. psychotic adjustment dissociative somatic symptom

somatic symptom

Which of the following disorders may appear similar in their presentation? somatic symptom disorder and body dysmorphic disorder somatic symptom disorder and dissociative identity disorder somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder

somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder

The DSM-5-TR identifies different forms of depression. These are called subtypes. comorbid subsets. comorbid symptoms. subspecies.

subtypes.

Why is it that researchers in the year 2020 expected an increase in anxiety, depression, and stress-related symptoms among children and adolescents? climate change social media the COVID-19 pandemic the 2020 presidential election

the COVID-19 pandemic

Which of the following is the most common alter found in people with dissociative identity disorder? the persecutor the child the helper the host

the child

Which of the following alters found in dissociative identity disorder offers advice to the other personalities or performs behaviors the host is unable to handle? the helper the child the persecutor the host

the helper

In dissociative identity disorder, an alter that inflicts pain or punishment on the other personalities by engaging in self-injurious behaviors (such as self-cutting or self-burning) and suicide attempts is called the oppressor. the bully. the tyrant. the persecutor.

the persecutor.