AbPsych Exam 4 - ch 12, 14

About what percent of adults over the age of 65 binge drink?

10%

What age group has the highest rates of binge drinking?

18-25

Which of the following disorders often coincide with gambling disorder? Choose all that apply.

Anxiety disorder Mood disorder Nicotine dependence

The contemporary psychodynamic approach to OCPD adds what focus to the Freudian concepts? Choose all that apply.

Cognitive factors Prior learning

What is the basic idea behind dual-process theory?

The more people can inhibit automatic impulses, the less likely they are to drink excessive amounts.

Which of the following are medicinal uses of synthetic THC? Choose all that apply.

Treating asthma Reducing nausea in cancer patients Treating glaucoma

Naltexone reduces alcohol consumption by

blocking the effects of the body's production of alcohol-induced opioids.

dual process theory of alcohol use disorder,

there is a cognitive system involving automatic impulses and a cognitive system that could regulate such impulses.

According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, what is the progression of the development of avoidant personality disorder? Place the following in order:

1) hypersensitivity 2) misinterpretation 3) hurt feelings 4) retreat 5) distancing

According to the U.S. government's National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in 2016, what percentage of the population used an illicit drug in the preceding 30 days?

11%

Twin, family, and adoption studies point to the importance of genetic factors as contributors to alcohol-related disorders, with an estimated heritability of

50-60%

Researchers found what percentage of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder free of symptoms after 10 years?

85%

Which of the following is true?

A first diagnosis of BPD in childhood or adolescence has the worst long-term consequences.

A commonly used assessment for alcohol use disorders is the ______.

AUDIT

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria require that a person's behavior patterns must fit at least two of which of the following areas in order to receive a diagnosis of a personality disorder?

Affectivity Interpersonal functioning Impulse control Cognition

Which of the following describe the effects of psilocybin? Choose all that apply.

Alterations in motor reflexes Difficulty differentiating fantasy from reality

Elton has some long-standing inflexible traits that have caused him to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. He is involved in the legal system but says he intends to outsmart all the fancy lawyers; he is impulsive, lies to and manipulates others; and has no remorse for such actions. Which is the most likely personality disorder he has been diagnosed with?

Antisocial personality disorder

The personality disorders which focus on behaviors which are dramatic, emotional, or erratic are _______.

Cluster B personality disorders

Which of the following are psychodynamic explanations of narcissistic personality disorder? Choose all that apply.

Current psychodynamic theorists see it as a failure to form an integrated sense of self. It was once seen as a failure to progress beyond the early psychosexual stages.

A diagnosis of borderline personality disorder involves which of the following behaviors? Choose all that apply.

Difficulty controlling anger Chronic feelings of emptiness Unstable and intense relationships

Which of the following medications is used in aversion therapy in which a person experiences unpleasant physical reactions after consuming alcohol while taking the medication?

Disulfiram

Which of the following are features of avoidant personality disorder? Choose all that apply.

Feeling socially inferior Perceiving oneself as lacking social skills Staying away from social encounters

Which of the following are features of a cognitive-behavioral approach to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? Choose all that apply.

Feelings of self-worth depend on perfection. There are unrealistic ideas of perfection. The ideal must be achieved.

People with Cluster B personality disorders exhibit which of the following characteristics? Choose all that apply.

Impulsivity Inflated self-importance High desire to seek stimulation

What are the goals of dialectical behavior therapy? Choose all that apply.

Increase the client's ability to handle emotional stress Reduce the frequency of the client's self-destructive acts

Which of the following best describes the pharmacological effects of disulfiram?

It blocks the action of an enzyme that normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic product involved in ethanol metabolism.

Which of the following best describe psilocybin? Choose all that apply.

It has hallucinogenic properties. It is derived from mushrooms.

Which of the following are true of Wernicke's disease? Choose all that apply.

It is the result of a thiamine deficiency. It is potentially reversible. It involves delirium. It is associated with long-term alcohol consumption.

Which of the following apply to peyote?

It is used in Mexican religious ceremonies. Its long-term effects are unknown. Its active ingredient is mescaline.

Which of the following are true of MDMA? Choose all that apply.

Its popular street name is ecstasy. It is a hallucinogen.

Which of the following represent the psychological perspective of borderline personality disorder? Choose all that apply.

Lack of emotional regulation Inability to withstand distress Avoidance of emotionally uncomfortable situations

Alicia has been diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder. Which of the following might be some of her symptoms?

Lack of remorse or regret Manipulativeness Failure to conform to social norms

Which of the following are features of schizoid personality disorder?

Lack of sexual involvement Limited range of emotional expression

Clarice is an accountant and has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She is perfectionistic, work-focused to the exclusion of social relationships, and has strong opinions of right and wrong. Which of the following personality disorders best fits Clarice?

Obsessive-compulsive

Dr. Allison is a cognitive-behavioral therapist treating Anna for avoidant personality disorder. Which of the following treatment techniques would Dr. Allison be most likely to use?

Relationship training Graduated exposure Skills training

Which of the following are features of schizotypal personality disorder? Choose all that apply.

Restricted affect Eccentric ideas Difficulty forming accurate perceptions and cognitions Unusual beliefs and experiences

Which of the following are adverse effects of PCP? Choose all that apply.

Schizophrenia-like symptoms Memory loss

Which of the following features are typical of people diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder? Choose all that apply.

Their self-esteem is based on views of others. They have a strong sense of entitlement. They have a belief that they are exceptional.

Which of the following symptoms are more typical for women than for men diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? Choose all that apply.

They have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders. They have higher rates of eating disorders.

Which of the following are features of the cognitive-behavioral approach to treating a person with a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder?

Using graduated exposure to social interaction. Teaching clients to articulate the automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes that interfere with establishing relationships.

As people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they become more likely to make risky choices based on the rewards of the moment rather than considering longer-term consequences.This is best described as

alcohol myopia theory

Olga has been taking drugs that affect both her central nervous system and autonomic nervous system. When she takes these drugs, she becomes hostile, violent, and paranoid, and her blood pressure increases. Which of the following is she most likely taking?

amphetamines

personality trait

an enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and others, a pattern that characterizes the majority of a person's interactions and experiences.

Clinicians who design interventions for people with alcohol use disorders begin by

assessing the alcohol use patterns of their clients.

The main goal of therapists working in the cognitive-behavioral framework with someone with a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder is to

break the client's negative cycle of avoidance.

Research suggests possible genetic abnormalities in the opioid receptor on _______ that may be involved in alcohol and other substance disorders.

chromosome 1

The personality disorder categories of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal fall into which cluster of the DSM-5?

cluster a

In the alternative personality disorder diagnostic system defined in Section 3 of the DSM-5, the number of personality disorder categories has been

decreased

Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics all act as central nervous system

depressants

parasuicides

describes suicidal gestures that are frequently made by a person with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder.

potentation

describes the effect that occurs when alcohol is combined with other drugs and the effects of the drugs taken together are greater than the effect of either substance taken alone.

The sociocultural model that connects genetic predisposition to environmental stressors is call the _______ model.

diathesis-stress

Instead of categorical ratings, the alternative system for diagnosing personality disorders, which is being offered on a trial basis in Section 3 of the DSM-5, uses _______ ratings.

dimensional

A personality _______ is an ingrained way of relating to other people, situations, and events, characterized by a rigid and maladaptive pattern of inner experience and behavior.

disorder

the biopsychosocial model

for understanding substance dependence and approaches to treatment because it incorporates genetics, developmental issues, and sociocultural factors.

From a behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop because

gambling offers a pattern of reinforcement and rewards.

In families from lower socioeconomic levels, _______ seemed to play a larger role than _______ in the level of alcohol use.

genetics/the environment

A condition called _______ consists of flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations, delusions, or disturbances in mood similar to the changes that took place while the person was intoxicated with the drug.

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Which best summarizes the cognitive-behavioral perspective on the causes of avoidant personality disorder?

hypersensitivity to shame

Each of the following are long-term negative consequences of BPD except

intellectual impairment.

Which of the following medications is designed to prevent relapse among those with alcohol use disorder?

naltroxene

Cluster A of the personality disorders of the DSM-5 is the

odd, eccentric cluster.

One distinction between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder is that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a(n) ______, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder is a(n) ______.

personality disorder; anxiety disorder

A client is diagnosed with ______ personality disorder because she has odd, eccentric ideas and a confusing and distorted sense of self. She also has difficulty understanding the motivations and behaviors of others, and her personality traits fall along the extremely maladaptive end of the psychoticism dimension.

schizotypal

alcohol myopia theory

states that as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are more likely to make risky choices because the immediate temptation of the moment overcomes the possible long-term consequences.

splitting

used in the psychological profession to describe the way that people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder relate to others. This means that their preoccupation with feelings of love for the object of their desire and attention can easily turn to extreme rage and hatred when the love object rejects them.

From the behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop due to a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

variable-ratio

grandiose narcissists

views himself as superior, unique, and entitled.

Those people with _______ have an internally weak sense of self and can become despondent when they feel someone is humiliating or betraying them.

vulnerable narcissism

An acute and potentially reversible condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet because of a thiamine deficiency caused by chronic alcohol use is

wernicke's disease