absolutism/ Scientific Revolution/ Enlightenment quiz

Why did Leopold II cancel his brother Jospeh's radical edicts in the early 1790's A. Leopold was preparing Austria for war B. Leopold was attempting to restore order in Austria C. Leopold was negotiating a second partition of Poland D. Leopold was responding to criticism from Catherine the Great

(B) Leopold was attention to restore order in Austria

Catherine the Great Of Russia came to power in 1762 A. Inheritance of the throne from her mother B. Fredrick II of Prussia's invasion of Russia C. A military coup D. Election by the general public

(C) a military coup

In Historical and Critical Dictionary Pierre Baylee demonstrated that A. The Bible was a fraudulent document promoted by the Catholic Church B. The mind and body are united into one substance C. All knowledge can be questioned and doubted D. Human beliefs are unified in their singular origins of god

(C) All knowledge can be questioned and doubted

Rosseau's concept of general will asserts that A. Enlightened monarchs protect the interests of the entire society and should be relied on for reform B. The people's political wished can be conveyed only by direct democracy C. The general will is not necessarily the will of the majority D. Public opinion polling can be a valuable support to democracy

(C) The general will is not necessarily the will of the majority

In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that A. Sovereign authority rests in the hands of the people B. All people are born with certain ideas and ways of thinking C. Human development is determined by education and society D. Governments are formed by contracts among free individuals

(C) Human development is determined by education and society

The Enlightened policies of Frederick the Great included A. Freeing the Prussian Serfs B. Curtailing the privileges of the nobility C. Simplifying Prussia's laws D. Censoring the publications of scholars

(C) Simplifying Prussia's laws

Madame de Chatelet, Voltaire's longtime companion A. Believed that women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education B. Was the first woman admitted into the Royal Academy of Sciences C. Was the powerful mistress of Louis XIV D. Inspired Jean Jacques Rosseau's ideas on education and emotion

(A) Believed that women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education

What was the core concept of the Enlightenment A. The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life B. Understanding nature requires an equal balance of science and faith C. Human beings are inherently corrupt D. All of reality can be reduced to mind and matter

(A) The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life

Voltaire was a deist who viewed god as akin to a A. Loving father who intervened when necessary in human affairs B. Clockmaker who set the universe in motion and then ceased to interfere in human affairs C. King who required Christians to be intolerant of any who did not worship him correctly D. Farmer who carefully tended his crops from planting through harvest

(B) Clockmaker who set the universe in motion and then ceased to interfere in human affairs

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as A. Dualism B. Empiricism C. Naturalism D. Materialism

(B) Empiricism

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government A. He Believed in Democracy, like most philosophes B. He believed that a good monarch was the best one could for in government C. He saw the despot or autocrat as designated by god D. He believed in Enlightened despotism as long as he could be the despot

(B) He believed that a good monarch was the best one could for in government

Johannes Kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets A. Caused each planet to move at a uniform speed B. Demonstrated the presence of Satan's disruptive influence in the universe C. Were interspersed with epicycles and deferents D. Produced a musical Harmony of heavenly bodies

(D) Produced a musical Harmony of heavenly bodies

Copernicus's theory of the universe A. Was endorsed by the Catholic Church B. Postulated a sun centered view of the universe C. Strengthened the Ptolemaic theory of the universe D. Used epicycles to explain planetary motion

(b) Postulated a sun centered view of the universe

Catherine the Greats goal of domestic reform never came to fruition owning to A. The overthrow and murder her husband, Peter III, in 1762 B. The grant to the nobles Of absolute control over their Serfs after 1775 C. The rebellion led by Emilian Pugachev in 1773 D. The first partition of Poland in 1772

(C) The rebellion led by Emilian Pugachev in 1773

Joseph is conversion of peasant labor obligations to cash payments A. Had the support of the nobles B. Transformed a barter economy into a cash economy C. Was opposed by both nobles and peasants D. Remained in effect long after his death

(C) Was opposed by both nobles and peasants