Accessory Sex Glands

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semen

a mixture of sperm and the secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

penis

a passageway for the ejaculation of semen and the excretion of urine from the urethra

prostate

a single-doughnut shaped gland about the size of a golf ball

circumcision

a surgical procedure in which part of the entire prepuce is removed

ejaculation

a sympathetic reflex coordinated by the lumbar portion of the spinal cord

prostate-specific antigen

aka PSA

prepuce

aka foreskin

semen

also contains an antibiotic that can destroy certain bacteria

prostate-specific antigen

an example of a protein-digesting enzyme secreted from the prostate

nocturnal emission

an example of emission that occurs during sleep

erection

arteries supplying the penis dilate, and large quantities of blood enter the blood sinuses; expansion slows blood flow

ejaculation

as part of this reflex, the smooth muscle sphincter as the base of the urinary bladder closed

parasympathetic impulses

cause release of neurotransmitters and local hormones, including nitric oxide, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle in the penile arteries (erection)

antibiotic

component of semen that may help control the abundance of naturally occurring bacteria in the semen and in the lower female reproductive tract

accessory sex glands

components of the male reproductive system that secrete most of the liquid portion of the semen

ducts

components of the male reproductive system that store and transport sperm cells

erectile dysfunction

consistent inability of an adult male to ejaculate or attain or hold an erection long enough for sexual intercourse

penis

contains the urethra

prostaglandins

contribute to sperm motility and viability and may also simulate muscular contraction within the female reproductive tract (seminal vesicles)

prepuce

covers the glans in an uncircumcised penis

penis

cylindrical in shape; consists of a root, body, and the glans penis

7.2-7.7

despite the acidity of prostatic fluid, semen has this slightly alkaline pH

bulbourethral glands

during sexual arousal, also secrete mucus, lubricating the end of the penis and lining of the urethra, decreasing sperm damage during ejaculation

bulbourethral glands

during sexual arousal, secrete an alkaline substance into the urethra that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine

seminal vesicles

fluid secreted by these normally constitutes about 60% of the volume of semen

seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands

fluids from these give semen a sticky consistency

prostatic secretion

gives semen a milky appearance

clotting proteins

help semen coagulate after ejaculation (seminal vesicles)

hemospermia

in most cases, caused by inflammation of the blood vessels lining the seminal vesicles; usually treated with antibiotics

prostate

inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the upper portion of the urethra

prostate

its size by age 30 remains stable until about age 45, when further enlargement may occur

bulbourethral glands

located inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra

prostatic secretions

make up approximately 25% of the volume of semen

fructose

molecule used for ATP production by sperm (seminal vesicles)

fructose, prostaglandins, clotting proteins

molecules included in the alkaline secretions of the seminal vesicles (3)

vasoconstriction

most of the time, the penis is flaccid because its arteries are in this state with limited blood flow

external urethral orifice

opening of the urethra to the exterior

6.5

pH of milky, slightly acidic fluid secreted by the prostate

bulbourethral glands

paired glands about the size of peas

seminal vesicles

paired pouch-like structures, lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum

body of the penis

portion of the penis composed of three cylindrical masses of tissue; enclosed by fascia and skin; consist of erectile tissue permeated by blood sinuses

hemospermia

presence of blood in semen

citric acid

prostate secretion 1/3; can be used by sperm for ATP production via the Krebs cycle

acid phosphatase

prostate secretion 2/3; function of which is unknown

enzymes

prostate secretions 3/3; several are secreted to digest proteins

seminal vesicles

secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins (unlike those found in blood)

prostate

slowly increases in size from birth to puberty, then expands rapidly

corpus spongiosum penis

smaller mid-ventral mass in the body of the penis

root of the penis

the attached portion of the penis

emission

the discharge of a small volume of semen before ejaculation

glans penis

the distal end of the corpus spongiosum penis is this slightly enlarged region

erection

the first visible sign of sexual excitement

ejaculation

the powerful release of semen from the urethra to the exterior

alkalinity

this property helps neutralize acidity of the male urethra and female reproductive tract that otherwise would inactivate and kill sperm(seminal vesicles)

corpora caveronsa penis

two dorsolateral masses in the body of the penis

glans penis

within this is the external urethral orifice


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