ACHIEVE PSYC 1101 Chapter 14

According to the DSM-5, which symptom would NOT be required to be diagnosed with insomnia disorder?

a lack of distress or impairment in everyday functioning

bipolar disorder

a psychological disorder characterized by dramatic mood swings from mania to deep depression

dysthymia

a psychological disorder involving a persistent mood wing in a negative direction, but not as serve as major depressive disorder (also called persistent depressive disorder)

Compulsion is to _____ as _____ is to thought.

action; obsession

compulsions

actions that a person feels driven to perform because of an obsession

the fear circuits include the

amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and frontal lobe

The narrator states that probably the most recognizable symptom of anxiety is ________, which is defined in psychology as being on high alert, either psychologically or physically.

arousal

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian MOST clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The Markowitz family has a son, Noah, who has exceptionally high intelligence and excels in math. However, he lacks social and communicative skills, which limit his ability to sustain normal peer relationships. With which of these is Noah MOST likely to be diagnosed?

autism spectrum disorder

chronic (process) schizophrenia

disorder characterized by schizophrenic symptoms that appear early in life and grow steadily worse

acute (reactive) schizophrenia

disorder characterized by schizophrenic symptoms that appear suddenly in response to a traumatic experience

obsessive-compulsive disorder

disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, called obsessions, and repetitive compulsive actions that are related to the obsessions

The term _____ refers to separation of awareness from past feelings, thoughts, and memories.

dissociation

dissociative amnesia

dissociative disorder characterized by selective memory loss brought on by extreme stress

What are the four kinds of OCD symptoms

extreme cleaning, hoarding, obsession with symmetry and order, and checking behaviors

In a depressive explanatory style, negative events are explained in terms that are:

global and internal

eating disorders

group of disorders characterized by a persistent, distressing disturbance in appetite or food consumption

personality disorders

group of disorders involving persistent, inflexible patterns of thinking and behavior that disrupt a person's social relationships

mood disorders

group of psychological disorders in which the main symptom is a dramatic and persistent shift in a person's mood and energy level

dissociative disorders

group of psychological disorders involving a splitting (dissociation) of current conscious awareness from past memories and emotions

anxiety disorders

group of psychological disorders involving persistent anxiety and fearfulness, often accompanied by maladaptive behaviors that attempt to reduce the anxiety

Julia is suffering from depression. In addition to medication to alleviate her symptoms, Julia's doctor may also recommend that she _____ to increase serotonin.

increase exercise

Julie has been diagnosed with trichotillomania, sometimes called hair-pulling disorder. Julie's disorder may be seen as an example of:

nonsuicidal self-injury.

The neurotransmitter _____ is abundant during a manic state and scarce in a depressive state.

norepinephrine

Hoarding is a form of:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Aidan is sweating and nauseous. His heart is racing, and he feels as if he might die. Aidan is suffering from _____ disorder.

panic

psychological disorders

persistent disturbances in thinking, behavior, or emotions

obsessions

persistent thoughts, images, or impulses that can't be ignored or suppressed.

narcissistic personality disorder

personality disorder involving grandiose self-perceptions and self-centered behavior along with a lack of interest and empathy towards others

cyclothymia

psychological disorder involving repetitive mood swings in both directions, but not as severe as bipolar disorder

How many disorders are in the DSM-5?

roughly 300

Anxiety does NOT play a key role in:

schizophrenia

Many studies have pointed to lower levels of the neurotransmitter _______ as a major factor in both anxiety and depression.

serotonin

The discovery that the disease _____ invades the brain and distorts the mind fueled interest in discovering the physical causes of other mental disorders.

syphilis

Which form of self-injury is NOT one that is nonsuicidal?

taking an overdose of prescription medication

The most effective treatment for hoarding seems to involve getting the hoarder to:

throw something away.

Autism is NOT related to:

vaccinations

The _____ model argues that an individual's characteristics interact with environmental events to influence the likelihood of developing a psychological disorder.

vulnerability-stress

dissociative identity disorder

dissociative disorder characterized by alternating between two or more distinct personalities; formerly called multiple personality disorder

bulimia nervosa

eating disorder characterized by alternating between episodes of excessive food consumption and periods of fasting or purging

anorexia nervosa

eating disorder characterized by dramatically reduced food consumption, often accompanied by excessive exercise

binge-eating disorder

eating disorder characterized by periods of uncontrollable excessive food consumption, followed by guilt feelings but no purging

Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split, rather than a:

split from reality

Down syndrome is a disorder of varying severity caused by:

an extra copy pf chromosome 21

When he leaves the house, Josh locks, unlocks, and relocks each window and each door exactly three times. Josh's behavior exemplifies a(n):

compulsion

In ______, electrical pulses delivered through a surgically placed probe, to better regulate areas of the brain that aren't behaving typically.

deep brain stimulation

posttraumatic stress disorder

disorder characterized by "jumpy" anxiety, haunting memories connected to a specific traumatic experience, and insomnia with nightmares that relive the events

Based on information presented in the textbook, which DSM-5 diagnosis is actually quite unreliable?

generalized anxiety disorder

Based on information presented in the textbook, the DSM-5 diagnosis of _____ disorder is fairly reliable.

posttraummatic stress

Jackie has an extremely low intelligence score of 65. She lives at an assisted living center where she works part time in the kitchen cleaning dishes. Jackie's ability to work effectively displays her _____ skills.

practical

Sally dreads giving presentations at work; she feels intensely afraid that her co-workers are negatively evaluating her. She is also apprehensive when she visits restaurants because she believes the other diners are scrutinizing her. Sally seems to suffer from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

Elaina is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats and, when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Elaina is MOST likely suffering from: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

anorexia nervosa

Bobby stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train over to the South Side. On the train, a passenger stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee into the passenger's face and laughed. Bobby would be considered to have:

antisocial personality disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

anxiety disorder characterized by a high, constant state of apprehension and dread, with autonomic nervous system arousal

phobia

anxiety disorder characterized by persistent. irrational fear of an object or situation; the dear is out of proportion to the actual danger

panic disorder

anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable, short episodes of terror, often accompanied by physical symptoms of chest pain or choking

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study BEST illustrates the:

biasing power of diagnostic labels

Of the perspectives on anxiety disorders discussed in the textbook, the _____ perspective is MOST likely to emphasize hypervigilance toward anxiety-related stimuli.

cognitive

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is probably attributable to:

cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is demonstrating a false belief called a(n) _____.

delusion

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although Victor has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, his mother still expects him to do things around the house. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

negative

schizophrenia

psychological disorder characterized by disturbed, irrational thinking, and inappropriate emotional behavior

Suri is a good student, but she is extremely hard on herself. She is prone to anxiety and has trouble asking for help or saying how she feels. She makes half inch cuts lengthwise from the tip of her finger to the first joint. Suri's cutting is an example of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

nonsicidal self-injury

antisocial personality disorder

personality disorder involving a long-term pattern of aggressively disregarding the rights and well-being of others, and a lack of remorse for wrongdoing; much more common among males

boderline personality disorder

personality disorder involving abrupt mood swings and unstable, impulsive, and predictable behavior

avoidant personality disorder

personality disorder involving high levels of anxiety and pervasive feelings of social inadequacy, leading to withdrawal from social contact

ith respect to schizophrenia, disorganized speech is to decreased speech as _____ is to _____.

positive symptom; negative symptom

An LGBTQ orientation was classified as an illness by the American Psychiatric Association until:

1973

What does DSM-5 stand for

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

What are some examples of anxiety disorders?

OCD, PTSD, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia

This person insisted that madness was not demon possession but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions.

Pinel

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 2018 was:

4.4

With medication and a supportive environment, _____ percent of people with schizophrenia can enjoy periods of normal life lasting 1 year or more.

40

A 40-year follow-up study of 144 Swedes diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder found that only 1 in _____ had completely recovered (Skoog & Skoog, 1999).

5

Approximately _____ percent of Americans have experienced a phobia of a specific object or situation in the past year.

9

Therapies that focus on changing behavior, such as __________, can be helpful in treating OCD.

cognitive behavioral therapy

_____ is a psychological disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Illness anxiety disorder

The social isolation, job losses, illness and death, and other disruptions of the 2020 global pandemic left a fair number of people in a lingering fog of anxiety and depression that many called "languishing." The impact of a global pandemic on mental health is BEST understood using the _____ model of psychological disorders.

biopsychosocial

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

bulimia

How we can use labels to guide treatment without negatively judging people or excusing their behavior is a persistent issue regarding the _____ of a psychological disorder.

classification

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____ perspective.

learning

A key symptom that often occurs in major depressive disorder that doesn't usually show up in generalized anxiety disorder is ________, which refers to not getting much pleasure out of life, and feeling lethargic.

low positive affect

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, is not interested in going out with friends, and hardly ever answers the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

major depressive

According to the _____ model, mental illness needs to be diagnosed based on its symptoms.

medical

major depressive disorder

mood disorder involving persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and hopelessness, usually accompanied by loss of interest in a formerly pleasurable activities

Even without professional intervention, _____ episodes of depression often resolve on their own.

most

People with a(n) _____ personality disorder have a tendency to exaggerate their own importance. They do not accept criticism very well and are known to react to it with rage or shame.

narcissistic

major depressive disorder

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. Maternal influenza is an example of a(n) _____ factor because it may influence the expression of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

epigenetic

The narrator states that psychologists often characterized anxiety as a sense of ________, and depression as a sense of __________ as part of the flight or fight response.

helplessness; hopelessness

Walter has an intense fear of speaking in public. Because he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions. He may be suffering from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

Gregory is an impoverished African American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which factor MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

socioeconomic status