Acids, Bases, & pH Scale

The pH scale contains a series of numbers from ____ to ____.

0 to 14

At ____ (which is the halfway point),the solution you are testing is neutral.

7

A solution with a pH above ____ is a base. The stronger the base, the ____ the pH number. Very strong bases would have a pH close to ____.

7, higher, 14

A solution with a pH below ____ is an acid. The stronger the acid, the ____ the pH number. So very strong acids have a pH close to ____.

7, lower, 0

calcium hydroxide: ____ Which is a ____

Ca(OH)2 Base *the numbers are subscripts*

Acids start with ____

H

sulfuric acid: ____ Which is an _____

H2SO4 acid *the numbers are subscripts*

hydrochloric acid: ____ Which is an _____

HCl acid

nitric acid: ____ Which is an _____

HNO3 acid *the numbers are subscripts*

____ are compounds that change color when they come in contact with an acid or a base. Two common indicators are ____ paper and phenolphthalein. You can also use pH paper to see how acidic or alkaline (basic) a solution is.

Indicators and litmus

potassium hydroxide: ____ Which is a ____

KOH base

sodium hydroxide: ____ Which is a ____

NaOH base

Bases end in _____

OH

When dissolved in water, bases produce the negative hydroxide ion (____).

OH-

Solutions can either be ____, ____ or ____.

acidic, basic, or neutral

Bases share certain properties, too. Bases taste ____ and feel ____.

bitter and slippery *Strong bases are also good electrolytes.*

Bases turn litmus paper from red to ____ and turn phenolphthalein pink.

blue

Phenolphthalein is colorless in an acid. When an acid reacts with a metal, it tends to produce ____.

corrosion

A salt is the compound formed when an acid and a base react and it is a ____ substance, neither acidic or basic.

neutral

To measure the acidity of a solution, we use the ____ scale.

pH

When dissolved in water, acids produce ____ hydrogen ions. Strong acids are good ____.

positive (H+) and electrolytes (electrolytes are solutions that conduct electricity well).

In neutralization, the ____ hydrogen from the acid combines with the ____ hydroxide ion from the base (this makes water). The remaining ions from the acid and base combine to form the ____.

positive (H+), negative (OH-), and salt

When acids touch litmus paper, they turn the paper from blue to ____.

red

When acids and bases react together they form a ____. This process is called ____.

salt and neutralization

Acids all share certain properties. One is that they all taste ____.

sour

A neutral solution is neither an acid nor a base; An example of a neutral solution is ____.

water