Adaptation

Sponges produce structures called gemmules, which are hard outer coatings protecting a reproductive bud during times of drought. What type of adaptation is this?

b. Ecological

In what year was On the Origin of Species published?

d. 1859

paleontology

the study of fossilized organisms

Compared to the time he spent in other parts of South America, Darwin spent little time collecting specimens in the Galapagos.

true

Similarities between seemingly unrelated organisms can be explained by Darwin's theory that organisms come from common ancestors.

true

Explain how the concept of the "survival of the fittest" relates to the theory of evolution.

Darwin's theory of evolution includes the concept that species change over time and that these changes occur gradually. Organisms that are not able to compete for resources effectively do not survive. The organisms that remain are able to pass on their more desirable traits to their offspring, which enables the species to evolve over time.

What is the purpose of hibernation?

Hibernation is an adaptation that allows animals to survive cold temperatures when food is scarce. Hibernating animals slow their metabolism so that they use less energy, which enables them to live off fat storage until the air is warmer.

Use the concept of natural selection to explain why organisms typically adapt over time.

Natural selection is the process by which organisms which are not as well adapted to their environment do not survive long enough to pass their less favorable traits on to the next generation of their species. Eventually, the more favorable traits are incorporated into a species as the organisms that had those traits survive while the ones who do not die. This process takes time because it occurs through individuals with the favorable traits passing those traits on to future generations. Typically, the less favorable traits will not be eradicated in one generation.

How does competition for resources lead to adaptations?

Organisms that are best suited for survival in their environment will be able to compete for limited resources better than organisms that are not well suited to their environment. The organisms that are able to get the resources they need are more likely to survive and pass their beneficial traits on to their offspring, which is what leads to species adaptation.

Darwin thought the birds he collected from the Galapagos were different types of birds, but he learned that they were different types of finches that each came from a different island in the Galapagos. What was the significance of that discovery?

The different types of islands had varying conditions. The finches had adapted to their environment, which is why Darwin believed that they were different types of birds rather than different types of finches.

What led Darwin to believe that organisms originate from a common ancestor?

The similarities between different types of an organism can be explained by the theory that they all come from a common ancestor. The differences between them are due to changes over time that have developed through natural selection.

behavioral adaptation

a category of adaptation that addresses changes in specific actions performed by organisms for their survival

biochemical adaptation

a category of adaptation that addresses changes in the internal chemistry of organisms

ecological adaptation

a category of adaptation that addresses the changes in an organism for a temporary period of time that enables the organism to survive during extreme changes in their environment

structural adaptation

a category of adaptation that addresses the differences in physical appearance

physiological adaptation

a category of adaptation that addresses the differences in the function of a specific structure of an organism

evolution

a process where organisms make changes over time in response to changes in their environment

Which of the following is not a part of Darwin's theory of evolution?

a. Changes in organisms occur immediately.

Organisms use different types of adaptations to aid in their survival.Which of the following is an adaptation that would not help a lion to catch its prey?

b. hyoid bone adapted for roaring

Which of the following is a physiological adaptation?

b. hyoid bone adapted for roaring

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

b. migration

Organisms use different types of adaptations to aid in their survival. One type of butterfly mimics a dead leaf to evade predators. What type of adaptation is this?

c. Structural

What discovery led Darwin to develop his theories on adaptation?

c. The birds Darwin found in the Galapagos were different types of finches, not separate types of birds.

Which of the following is an example of a biochemical adaptation?

c. being immune to scorpion stings

In the guppie simulation, what happens to the brightest guppies when there are large numbers of predators?

c. their population decreases in number

adaptation

changes in an organism's bodily structure, function, or habits that occur in response to changes in its environment, or its movement to a new environment, that allow it to survive

What is the purpose of mimicry?

d. All of the above

Which of the following is not true about Darwin's book On the Origin of Species?

d. It was based on his findings in South Africa.

Organisms do not adapt as a result of competition for resources.

false

Organisms that have a physical trait that makes it easier for them to access food supplies are unlikely to pass on that trait to their offspring.

false

Plants do not adapt to their environment because they do not compete for resources.

false

On the Origin of Species

famous publication written by Charles Darwin that detailed his theory of evolution

natural selection

natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms so they are best adapted to the environment

What are the five categories of adaptations?

structural, physiological, behavioral, biochemical, and ecological