ADDI'S Fluid and Electrolytes and Acid/base Quiz

A client's arterial blood gas report indicates that pH is 7.25, PCO 2 is 35 mm Hg, and HCO 3 is 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L). Which client should the nurse consider is most likely to exhibit these results? A 54-year-old with vomiting A 17-year-old with panic attacks A 24-year-old with diabetic ketoacidosis A 65-year-old with advanced emphysema

A 24-year-old with diabetic ketoacidosis

A client's arterial blood gas report indicates that pH is 7.25, Pco 2 is 60 mm Hg, and HCO 3 is 26 mEq/L (26 mmol/L). Which client should the nurse consider is most likely to exhibit these blood gas results? A 65-year-old with pulmonary fibrosis A 24-year-old with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes A 45-year-old who has been vomiting for 3 days A 54-year-old who takes sodium bicarbonate for indigestion

A 65-year-old with pulmonary fibrosis

A registered nurse teaches a student nurse regarding the management of increased potassium levels in a client. Which action performed by the student nurse indicates effective learning? Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate Avoiding potassium restriction Monitoring glucose levels hourly Providing potassium-sparing diuretics

Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A client develops respiratory alkalosis. When the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results, which finding is consistent with respiratory alkalosis? An elevated pH, elevated PCO 2 A decreased pH, elevated PCO 2 An elevated pH, decreased PCO 2 A decreased pH, decreased PCO 2

An elevated pH, decreased PCO 2

The client is receiving high-flow intravenous (IV) fluid replacement therapy. Which nursing assessment findings are consistent with fluid volume overload? Select all that apply. Pulse quality Pulse pressure Bounding pulse Presence of dependent edema Neck vein distention in the upright position

Bounding pulse Presence of dependent edema Neck vein distention in the upright position

The nurse assesses a client receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which assessment finding should warrant the nurse calling the primary healthcare provider? Crackles in lungs Supple skin turgor Urine output of 240 mL over 8 hours Increase in blood pressure from 110/76 to 124/68 mm Hg

Crackles in lungs

Which symptoms indicate to the nurse that the client has an inadequate fluid volume? Select all that apply. Decreased urine Hypotension Dyspnea Dry mucous membranes Pulmonary edema Poor skin turgor

Decreased urine Hypotension Dry mucous membranes Poor skin turgor

On admission to the intensive care unit, a client is diagnosed with compensated metabolic acidosis. During the assessment, what is the nurse most likely to identify? Muscle twitching Mental instability Deep and rapid respirations Tachycardia and cardiac dysrhythmias

Deep and rapid respirations

Surgery is performed on a client with a parotid tumor. Postoperative arterial blood gas values are pH 7.32, PCO 2 53 mm Hg, and HCO 3 25 mEq/L (25 mmol/L). Which action should the nurse take? Administer a potent diuretic Obtain a prescription for an alkalinizing agent Have the client breathe into a rebreather bag at a slow rate Encourage the client to cough and then take deep breaths between coughs

Encourage the client to cough and then take deep breaths between coughs

Which nursing intervention should the nurse consider to be a priority for clients with fluid overload? Ensuring client safety Providing drug therapy Providing nutritional therapy Preventing future fluid overload

Ensuring client safety

The nurse is assessing a client's arterial blood gases and determines that the client is in compensated respiratory acidosis. The pH value is 7.34; which other result helped the nurse reach this conclusion? PO 2 value is 80 mm Hg. PCO 2 value is 60 mm Hg. HCO 3 value is 50 mEq/L (50 mmol/L). Serum potassium value is 4 mEq/L (4 mmol/L).

HCO 3 value is 50 mEq/L (50 mmol/L).

A nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of kidney failure for clinical indicators of metabolic acidosis. What should the nurse conclude is the reason metabolic acidosis develops with kidney failure? Inability of the renal tubules to secrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate Depressed respiratory rate due to metabolic wastes, causing carbon dioxide retention Inability of the renal tubules to reabsorb water to dilute the acid contents of blood Impaired glomerular filtration, causing retention of sodium and metabolic waste products

Inability of the renal tubules to secrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate

An arterial blood gas report indicates the client's pH is 7.25, PCO 2 is 35 mm Hg, and HCO 3 is 20 mEq/L. Which disturbance should the nurse identify based on these results? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

A critically ill 5-year-old child exhibits Kussmaul respirations. What does the nurse suspect may be causing an increasing acid-base imbalance? Metabolic alkalosis caused by an increase in base bicarbonate Respiratory alkalosis caused by excess carbon dioxide output Respiratory acidosis caused by an accumulation of carbon dioxide Metabolic acidosis caused by a concentration of cations in body fluids

Metabolic acidosis caused by a concentration of cations in body fluids

What is a nursing priority to prevent complications in clients with respiratory acidosis? Assessing the nail beds Listening to breath sounds Monitoring breathing status Checking muscle contractions

Monitoring breathing status

A client with anorexia nervosa is admitted to the critical care unit following a period of prolonged starvation. What signs or symptoms indicate to the nurse that the client may have hypokalemia? Select all that apply. Muscle weakness Metabolic alkalosis Cardiac dysrhythmias Respiratory rate of 24 or higher Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L)

Muscle weakness Cardiac dysrhythmias

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a blood pH of 7.25 and PCO 2 of 60 mm Hg. These blood gases require nursing attention because they indicate which condition? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

After abdominal surgery a client should be encouraged to turn from side to side and to engage in deep breathing exercises. The nurse explains that these activities are essential to prevent which condition? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

A client is scheduled to receive an intravenous (IV) infusion of potassium chloride (KCl) 40 mEq in 100 mL of 5% dextrose and water to be infused over 2 hours. Before administering this IV medication, it is a priority for the nurse to assess which of the following? Select all that apply. Urinary output Deep tendon reflexes Last bowel movement Arterial blood gas results Last serum potassium level Patency of the intravenous access

Urinary output Last serum potassium level Patency of the intravenous access

A client's laboratory report indicates hyperkalemia. Which responses should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? Select all that apply. Anorexia Vomiting Constipation Muscle weakness Irregular heart rate

Vomiting Muscle weakness Irregular heart rate