Adol Dev Test 2

According to the textbook, approximately _____ of American children will experience their parents' divorce. 10% 50% 40% 60%

40%

The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of chronological age is called: mainstreaming. tracking. age grading. reference grouping.

age-grading

Many immigrant families place an especially high value on _____, an orientation in which the needs of one's family take precedence over the needs of the individual. familism family system theory self-fulfilling prophecy deidentification.

familism

Peers usually have more influence than parents on the matter of: a. occupational ambitions b. educational goals c. patterns of leisure activity d. values

patterns of leisure activity

Judy and Jessica hang around people their same age. These people are most accurately described as: friends. buddies. peers. chums.

peers

Tommy values education and works hard in school but also enjoys hanging out with his friends on the weekend. Which peer crowd is Tommy most likely to belong to? "nerds" "populars" "partyers" "toughs"

populars

Adolescents who use aggression deliberately, known as ________, are much more popular than adolescents who use aggression without planning to, known as __________. reactive formation; reactive aggression Machiavellian aggression; instrumental aggression instrumental aggression; reactive aggression relational aggression; instrumental aggression

reactive formation;reactive aggression

According to a national survey, how many students in American public schools have been victims of violence? 1 out of 4 2 out of 4 1 out of 40 2 out of 40

1 out of 4

Which of the following statements about the way in which teenagers relate to mothers and fathers is false? Adolescents tend to be closer to their mother. Fathers are more likely to be perceived as distant authority figures. Adolescents fight more often with their mothers than their fathers. Adolescents perceive fathers as more controlling than their mothers.

Adolescents perceive fathers as more controlling than their mothers.

Which of the following is a common finding of recent cyberbullying studies? Adolescents who engage in traditional bullying often also engage in cyberbullying. Victims of physical or verbal harassment are usually very different than victims of cyberbullying. As Internet use has increased, cyberbullying has become statistically more common than physical and verbal harassment among the adolescent population. More than 80 percent of adolescents have engaged in some form of cyberbullying.

Adolescents who engage in traditional bullying often also engage in cyberbullying

Which of the following is not a way that adolescents' behavior is affected by their crowd membership? Adolescents often imitate the behavior of crowd leaders. Crowds establish social norms, values, and expectations that members strive to follow. When crowd members behave in ways that are consistent with the crowd norms, they are reinforced for doing so. All of these statements are ways that adolescents' behavior is affected by their crowd membership.

All of these statements are ways that adolescents' behavior is affected by their crowd membership

Cory is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Jerry, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of his peers. According to the textbook, what is the best way to explain this difference? Jerry most likely comes from a single-parent family while Cory most likely comes from a two-parent family. Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Jerry most likely has authoritarian parents. Cory most likely comes from an affluent family and Jerry most likely comes from a low-income family. Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Jerry most likely has indifferent parents

Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Jerry most likely has authoritarian parents.

Which of the following statements about parents of adolescents is not true? Adjusting to the transition into adolescence may take more of a toll on parents than on the mental health of adolescents. Fathers typically feel the greatest sense of loss when their teenagers leave home. Mothers' mental health declines when they enter the "empty nest stage." Parents' mental health is worse when their teenage children are living at home.

Mothers' mental health declines when they enter the "empty nest stage."

Which of the following statements concerning sibling relationships is false? The quality of sibling relationships affects adolescents' peer relationships. The quality of sibling relationships affects the adolescents' general adjustment. Positive sibling relationships contribute to an adolescent's school competence and sociability. Siblings are likely to be closer in families under economic stress than in affluent families.

Siblings are likely to be closer in families under economic stress than in affluent families

Over the course of adolescence, which of the following is not true of changes that take place in crowds? Their structure becomes less hierarchical. Their structure becomes more permeable. Their descriptions become more concrete (e.g., the "preppy" group becomes "the PlayStation crowd"). Their structure becomes more differentiated.

Their descriptions become more concrete (e.g., the "preppy" group becomes "the PlayStation crowd")

Steve eats lunch with Jeff, Hans, and Mike every day. After school, they play computer games and talk about girls. This group of boys is called: a crowd. a clique. a reference group. a youth culture.

a clique

A group of individuals who are born during a particular time period (e.g., the baby boomers) is known as what? a generation X a cohort an age-graded society a census group.

a cohort

Mitch organizes a party for about 20 of his classmates who are all interested in theater, and they all watch a tape of the musical The Phantom of the Opera. This group of teenagers, who don't always hang out together, but share common interests, would most appropriately be labeled: a gang. a reference group. a crowd. a clique.

a crowd

Felicia has a problematic relationship with her parents. All of the following negative effects are likely to occur for Felicia, except: development of an antisocial disposition. active school involvement. school failure. rejection by classmates.

active school involvement

Growing up, Jessica's parents had a lot of marital conflict. At times Jessica was even exposed to some domestic violence. Jessica is likely to develop which of the following problems? depression aggression delinquency All of these are correct.

all of these are correct

Susannah's school psychologist has recently determined that Susannah has a learning disability. Her parents are concerned about the effects this will have. Which effect should the psychologist warn her parents about? Susannah may have trouble making friends. She is more likely to drop out of school. She will have more trouble coping with school. All of these are correct.

all of these are correct

The following is often a trademark of persistent bullies: more troubled family relationships. more troubled peer relationships. greater difficulty controlling aggression. All of these are correct.

all of these are correct

According to the Family Systems Model, financial strain increases mothers' and fathers'______, which, in turn, make parents more irritable, which adversely affects the quality of their parenting. feelings of depression dissatisfaction with their marriages. conflicts over money All of these are true.

all of these are true

Adolescents who have ADHD are at risk for: delinquency. substance abuse. anxiety and depression. all of these problems.

all of these problems

Research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that most adolescents: experience considerable storm and stress in relationships with parents. resent their parents and rebel against their restrictions. appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents. become even closer to parents, and report almost no disruptions in their relationships with them.

appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents.

Permissive parents are poor at communicating but are warm and supportive. rely on force. are willing to reason with their children. temper their strictness.

are warm and supportive

A child's father is not very affectionate and demands that the child not speak to an adult unless spoken to, that he/she always put away one toy before taking out another, and that soft drinks be consumed only on special occasions. This child's father can be described as permissive. authoritarian. authoritative. strict.

authoritarian

Tammy's father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, "I'm the father and I love you. I know what's best for you." Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style? authoritative authoritarian indulgent indifferent

authoritarian

Joshua's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles? authoritative authoritarian indulgent indifferent

authoritative

Ms. Willingham sets high standards for her students but is very responsive to their needs. What type of teaching style is this characteristic of? autocratic authoritarian authoritative permissive

authoritative

Following the end of World War II, many parents wanted to have children as soon as possible, creating what has come to be called the postwar: baby boom. depression. infantile fixation. cohort effect.

baby boom

Dawn has always enjoyed school and excelled in her classes. In middle school, she has connected with a group of friends who also enjoy school and her grades have continued to improve. They often spend time studying together. This is an example of: selection. socialization. both selection and socialization. None of these are correct.

both selection and socialization

Samantha attends a public school that has a great deal of freedom to set its own curriculum. This type of school is referred to as what in your textbook? public school private school parochial school charter school

charter school

"Druggies," "jocks," and "nerds" are examples of: crowds. cliques. youth cultures. gangs.

crowds

Which parenting characteristic is more prevalent among ethnic minorities? supportiveness demandingness warmness fairness

demandigness

Esther has been rejected by her peers because she is withdrawn. Esther is most likely to be at risk for: conduct problems. diminished social competence. aggressive behavior in adulthood. drug and alcohol abuse.

diminished social competence

Compared to jocks, adolescents from which of the following crowds experience more peer pressure to misbehave? "nerds" "populars" "druggies" "normals"

druggies

Of the students who enter college, what percentage complete their degrees within six years? a little more than 20% fewer than 40% fewer than 60% just about 75%

fewer than 60%

Luis's family has lived below the poverty level his entire life. Research suggests that Luis is likely to experience all of the following, except: greater exposure than other adolescents to violence. greater family cohesiveness than other adolescents his age. greater alienation from school than other adolescents his age. higher levels of stress than other adolescents his age.

greaterfamily cohesiveness than other adolescents his age

Dan planned a party and invited his whole English class by passing out personal invitations. Dan accidentally forgot to make an invitation for Sam. Sam assumed he intentionally wasn't invited and became irate at Dan for excluding him. This is an example of: relational aggression. hostile attributional bias. aggressive-withdrawal. bullying.

hostile attributional bias

Even though it was clear that another student, Raul, accidentally pushed Noah, he insisted that Raul did it on purpose. What phenomenon is this? hostile attributional bias status bias in-group vs. out-group iatrogenic effect

hostile attributional bias

Online harassment is ________ in-person harassment. as common as more common than less common than not as likely to have negative effects on victims' emotional well-being as

less common than

Although Chris is significantly delayed developmentally he goes to a regular grade school; takes classes in social studies, music, and physical education with the non-handicapped students; and goes to special classes to learn about reading and arithmetic. This situation is an example of: mainstreaming. functional education. creative education. education compensation.

mainstreaming

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents: are frequently becoming more involved in building their own careers. seem to be pushing children toward financial independence at increasingly earlier ages. are often home too often and don't give their children adequate freedom. may also be experiencing identity crises of their own.

may also be experiencing identity crisis of their own

Secondary education refers to: second grade. middle school, junior high school, and high school. college. graduate school.

middle school, junior high school, and high school

Today, _____ of high school graduates enroll in college immediately after graduation. more than three-fourths approximately one-third approximately one-half more than two-thirds

more than two-thirds

In comparison with teenagers in previous times, teenagers in contemporary societies spend ________ time with their peers ________ with their parents. more; than less; than as much; as There is too much conflicting data on this issue to give a definitive answer.

more;than

President George W. Bush's 2002 mandate that all children, regardless of economic circumstance, achieve academic proficiency is called the: All Children Learn Together Act. Stay In Public School Act. No Child Left Behind Act. Teach The Test Act.

no child left behind act

What factors would explain the fact that Dorothy and Rose, sisters who are only 1 year apart in age, have different memories of their family life as they were growing up? shared environment nonshared environment genetic factors differentiated environment

nonshared environment

Kelly's parents are disappointed with the education she is receiving in her public high school, so they have been investigating alternative options. Assuming Kelly's parents are financially strapped but want to send her to a private school, which of the following should they do? obtain government-subsidized school vouchers to use for private school tuition send her to a less expensive inner-city public school refuse to send her to school at all tell her to make do with her current school situation

obtain government-subsidized school vouchers to use for private school tuition

Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents? on how to wear his hair on the issue of capital punishment on the choice of religious preference on the value of a college education

on how to wear his hair

Victims of cyberbullying often report all of the following adjustment problems, except: low self-esteem. academic difficulties. parent-child conflict. depression.

parent-child conflict

________ involvement has been found to enhance the adjustment of low-income students in their transition to middle school. Parental Community Neighborhood Personal

parental

Karen, a ninth-grader, was mad at Cheryl for spilling juice on Karen's shirt. Karen spread a rumor that Cheryl had gossiped about her friends. Karen is using _____ to express her aggression toward Cheryl. relational aggression hostile attributional bias aggressive-withdrawal bullying

relational aggression

Sarah is a popular teenage girl who has just been made captain of the cheerleading squad. She is very socially adept, and notices that Britney, her social rival, is starting to enjoy more attention from their peers than Sarah receives. Jealous, she decides to start a rumor about Britney that she knows will cause many people to stop liking Britney. Sarah's behavior is best described as an example of what? reactive aggression friendly fire aggression relative aggression relational aggression

relational aggression

The gaps in achievement between Black and Hispanic students, on the one hand, and White and Asian students, on the other hand, has decreased and is almost nonexistent. remains very wide. is all based on stereotypes. exists in math but not in reading proficiency.

remains very wide

In early adolescence, _____ friendships are most common, and in late adolescence, _____ friendships are common. same sex; opposite sex same sex; same sex opposite sex; same sex opposite sex; opposite sex

same sex;opposite sex

Which of the following is most important in influencing adolescents' learning and psychosocial development? school climate size of the school amount of money spent on extracurricular activities racial composition of the school

school climate

The idea that an individual's behavior is influenced by other's expectations for them is a description of a. parent-child rift. b. self-fulfilling c. empty nest syndrome. d. midlife crisis.

self fulfilling

Jamie is a preadolescent. Her friendship circle is largely comprised of other young girls. Based on this information, what has Jamie's social life been influenced by? age-grading sex segregation cliques the baby boom

sex-segregation

The practice of moving students from one grade to the next regardless of their academic performance is known as what? affirmative promotion social promotion standardized promotion equality promotion

social promotion

Comparisons of large and small schools reveal that: small schools actually offer more varied curricula. students in large schools are more likely to participate in school activities. small schools have more material resources. students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities.

students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities

Interventions designed to help unpopular adolescents improve their social skills have employed which of the following techniques? explaining to adolescents that they need to be more passive having adolescents wait patiently until another person engages them in conversation teaching social skills like self-expression and leadership techniques teaching joke-telling skills to improve their likeability among other adolescents

teaching social skills like self-expression and leadership techniques

The factor that seems most important in influencing how well children adjust to divorce over time is: the educational level of the parent. the degree of conflict between parents. the age of the parents. the sex of the custodial parent.

the degree of conflict between parents

President Obama's education secretary suggested what to address the problem of the state-dependent standards in the No Child Left Behind act? the need to have higher standards for higher-achieving students the need to have a set of common standards across all 50 states the need for some students to be granted extended periods of time to complete standardized assessments the need for two sets of standards for each state (one for higher achievers and one for lower achievers)

the need to have a set of common standards across all 50 states

The textbook states that _________ is the most critical influence on adolescents' adjustment. the quality of the parent-child relationships at home attending a good school financial security living in a safe neighborhood

the quality of the parent-child relationships at home

Kerry and Kristie's teacher accidentally got their test scores mixed up and mistakenly thought that Kerry was the more intelligent of the two girls. At the end of the year, her records demonstrated that, indeed, Kerry had gained more and performed at a higher level than Kristie. This is best thought of as an example of: tracking. the self-fulfilling prophecy. mainstreaming. desegregation.

the self-fulfilling prophecy

The recent, get-tough approach to dealing with violence in schools that has been hotly debated among researchers is known as: the total intolerance approach. the complete prevention approach. the zero-tolerance approach. the absolute zero approach

the zero-tolerance approach

One potential reason that Mallory and Mikey, a brother and sister growing up in the same family, have completely different personalities may be that: they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences. gender differences in perception show that males are less likely than females to notice differential treatment by parents. they are not identical twins and so share only half of their genetic material. Mallory's athletic abilities lead Mikey to engage in sibling rivalry with her.

they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences.

The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called: mainstreaming. desegregation. acceleration. tracking.

tracking

Bobby's parents expect him to tell them everything. However, now that he's 13 years old, he feels entitled to keep secrets from them. What has this discrepancy been referred to as? violation of expectations sibling deidentification nonshared environmental effects indulgent parenting

violation of expectations