Adolescent Psych Chapter 1

______ is the minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state

Basal metabolism rate

Early-maturing boys are more likely than their later-maturing peers to do what?

Engage in antisocial activities Be truant from school

Dissatisfaction with body shape and weight is likely to lead to which of the following?

Fasting Using diet pills Smoking Vomiting after eating

Which of the following groups of adolescent boys is most likely to report feeling a desire to be thin?

Gay and bisexual youth

Which of the following parenting styles is associated with a positive experience of menarche?

Helpful and matter-of-fact

Which factors have specifically contributed to an increase in the tendency for teenagers to go to bed later over the last 30 years?

Increases in the availability of electronic media during late-night hours Increases in late-night computer use

Morgan is an obese child, whereas her cousin Mariah is a normal-weight child. Which of the following statements about the timing of their puberty is likeliest to be true?

Morgan will start puberty at an earlier age than Mariah

Tori suffers from clinically significant disordered eating. This type of eating is also associated with what?

Substance use Poor interpersonal relationships Depression Poor body image

Which of the following is true of early-maturing girls?

They have more emotional difficulties than their peers

Research on pubertal timing shows that what is true of early-maturing boys compared to their later-maturing peers?

They tend to have elevated rates of depression. They feel better about themselves. They are often popular

a pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty

a delayed phase preference

When adolescents in the United States begin to experience specific pubertal events, which of the following is most likely to occur?

a girls mother will be the first person the girl tells that she has begun to menstruate

Which of the following characteristics is associated with being an early-maturing boy?

a more positive self-image

Studies show that adolescent mood swings are most closely related to changes in

activities

Which of the following is probably true for Ashley, an early-maturing girl who was short and stocky as a child?

after puberty, she will be shorter and heavier than her late-maturing peers

The rapid increase in many of the hormones associated with puberty may contribute to ______ in boys

aggression

Which of the following environmental factors affects the onset of puberty?

amount of light exposure

The Joneses are a White family with two children entering puberty. They can expect ______

an increase in family conflict

What plays a part in stimulating the adolescent growth spurt?

androgens, thyroid hormones, thyroid hormones

Which of the following is characterized by starving oneself in an effort to keep one's weight down?

anorexia

environmental exposure to _____ can suppress melatonin levels and hasten puberty

artificial light

The secular trend has primarily been affected by improvements in...

better sanitation, health and nutrition

At least three times a week, Valessa gorges on fattening, high-calorie foods like pizza, ice cream, pastries, French fries, and cake. Although she feels distressed about her eating, Valessa does not try to diet or lose weight. Valessa has characteristics of

binge eating disorder

Which group has seen the greatest rise in obesity?

black girls

To compute ______, you divide an individual's weight by the square of the person's height

body mass index

Adrenarche contributes to the development of ______, signaling the beginning of sexual maturation to others.

body odor

Sophie wants to determine whether or not she is overweight. The best way to determine this is to ______

calculate her body mass index

Sex differences in brain organization predetermine

certain patterns of behavior

The rapid increase in many of the hormones associated with puberty may contribute to ______ in girls

depression

Among boys, going through puberty especially rapidly is associated with ______

depression and anxiety

The impact of being bullied is greater for (early/late) maturing adolescents.

early

The pattern of teenagers going to bed late and sleeping in late in the morning often begins in (early/middle/late) adolescence

early

The connection between hormonal changes at puberty and adolescent moodiness are strongest...

early in puberty

Mild, moderate, or severe disturbances in eating habits and attitudes are referred to as

eating disorders

Professor Radon is studying the ______ system, which produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body.

endocrine

what is a marker of the conclusion of puberty?

epiphysis

Which of the following are the sex hormones released by the ovaries?

estrogen

True or false: Because levels of testosterone are higher among males than females while the brain is developing, males usually end up with a more "androgynous" brain than females.

false

True or false: There is a strong connection between the age when puberty begins and the rate at which pubertal development proceeds

false

the HPG axis is an example of a ____ loop

feedback

Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with being an early-maturing girl?

feelings of awkwardness and self-consciousness

Eating disorders are more common in

female adolescents than male adolescents

until about 8 weeks after conception the human brain is

feminie

The adolescent growth spurt

generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys

Maia has an erratic sleep schedule. On weekdays she stays up past midnight and gets up early for school. On weekends she stays up even later and sleeps in until noon. The best way for Maia to improve her sleep is to

get up at the same time on both weekdays and weekends

Although both sexes experience changes in muscle tissue and body fat, the ratio of muscle to body fat is

greater in boys than girls

Example of a secondary sex characteristics

growth of facial and body hair

Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys?

growth of testes and scrotum

the dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty is known as the adolescent _____ _____

growth spurt

Both anorexic and bulimic individuals ______

have an extremely distorted body image

Adult height and weight are best correlated with ______.

height and weight during childhood

Osman is a junior high student anticipating puberty. He wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until he looks like and is considered an adult. His health teacher tells him that the timing and rate of puberty

is highly variable and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

What is true about obesity?

its the most serious health problem of American adolescents

Today, adolescent girls' attitudes toward menarche are (more/less) negative than they appear to have been in the past

less

Because of their physical maturation, early-maturing boys are ______

less likely to be supervised by adults

Kelsie is a graduate student who is interested in how being early or late to mature affects a group of adolescents' psychological development over time. Kelsie's interests are best measured using the ______ design

longitudinal

in a _____ study, researchers follow the same group of individuals over time

longitudinal

Early-maturing girls are generally (more/less) popular than other girls

more

When compared to their less mature peers, adolescents who are physically mature are

more likely to be involved in cross-sex activities such as dating

The distancing effect of puberty on adolescent-parent relationships is

not as consistently observed in ethnic minority families

According to research, the connection between hormones and moodiness in adolescence is ______

not very strong

the two most important environmental influences on pubertal maturation

nutrition and health

_____ are a class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other members of the species.

pheromones

Researchers refer to the development of the gonads as an example of _______ sex characteristics

primary

Which of the following statements about puberty's impact on family relationships is true?

puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children

During puberty, the development of breasts, the growth of facial and body hair, and changes in the voice are referred to as _____

secondary sex characteristics

an example of an extremely disturbed body image, as is seen with eating disorders

selma, who has a body mass index in the 5th percentile and believes she is overweight

social factors associated with earlier pubertal timing in girls

sexual abuse, father-absent household, conflict-ridden households

Cortisol is referred to as a(n) _____ hormone

stress

in males, the gonads are known as the _____

testes/testicles

The biological changes that take place during puberty can indirectly cause changes in adolescents' behavior in which of the following ways?

the biological changes affect the adolescents self-image

What is the epiphysis?

the closing of the ends of the bones in the body

Which of the following statements about the timing and tempo of sexual maturation is true?

the duration of puberty varies widely, from 1.5 to 6 years in girls and 2 to 5 years in boys

Adolescent girls' belief that being thin will make them more popular with boys is based on

the reality of their experiences

Lucia, a seventeen-year-old living in a college dormitory, has noticed that her menstrual periods have begun to synchronize with ______, which is compelling evidence that social relationships can affect biological functioning

the time her female roommate menstruates

Which of the following statements about the production of hormones at puberty is true?

there is an increase in the production of certain hormones

true or false: HPG axis develops before adolescence

true

Adolescent boys are more likely to be teased for being (underweight/overweight) , whereas adolescent girls are more likely to be teased for being (underweight/overweight)

underweight, overweight

About ______% of women will develop anorexia in their lifetime

1

Today, about ______% of teenagers report getting adequate sleep most nights

25

Puberty has ______ chief physical manifestations.

3

Rates of anorexia and bulimia are ______ prevalent in females compared to males

3 times more

In one study, ______% of girls reported that they would like to be thinner than they are

70