Adolescent Psychology Chapter 9
What proportion of American adolescents say formal religious participation is an important part of their lives?
50%
What proportion of American adolescents report an affiliation with a religious group?
85%
As individuals transition from adolescence into adulthood and progress through the process of individuation, they increasingly: A ) view lying to their parents as unacceptable. B ) improve their techniques for lying to parents without being detected. C ) view lying to their parents as desirable. D ) become worse liars.
A ) view lying to their parents as unacceptable
Adam is known for scoring high on moral disengagement assessments. Which of the following is probably true? A) Adam is likely to engage in delinquency and aggression B) Adam is likely to engage in prosocial behavior C) Adam is likely to have authoritative parents D) Adam is likely to abuse substances
A) Adam is likely to engage in delinquency and aggression
Who would argue that the physical changes of puberty cause substantial disruption and conflict inside the family system? A) Anna Freud B) Erik Erikson C) Laurence Steinberg D) Susan Harter
A) Anna Freud
Which statement about autonomy in adolescence is false? A) Autonomy is closely related to adolescent rebellion. B) The growth of autonomy during adolescence is gradual and progressive. C) The growth of autonomy during adolescence is relatively un-dramatic. D) The development of adolescent autonomy is often misunderstood.
A) Autonomy is closely related to adolescent rebellion.
According to the text, who is more likely to begin the process of individuation first: Jeanne, whose parents have been divorced for 5 years, or Paul, whose parents are married? A) Jeanne B) Paul C) both Jeanne and Paul will begin the process at the same time D) unable to determine
A) Jeanne
Which adolescent female is least likely to seek autonomy from her parents? A) Kim, an Asian living in the United States B) Mikayla, an Anglo living in the United States C) Felicia, an Anglo living in Australia D) Karen, an Anglo living in Hong Kong
A) Kim, an Asian living in the United States
The dominant perspective of moral development is grounded in _____ theory. A) Piaget's cognitive B) Watson's behavioral C) Bronfenbrenner's ecological D) Freud's psychoanalytic
A) Piaget's cognitive
For which of the following questions is an adolescent most likely to turn to outside experts for advice? A) What steps do I need to take to get admitted to college? B) Does this outfit look nice? C) Are my friends really nerds? D) Is the University of Michigan a fun place to go to college?
A) What steps do I need to take to get admitted to college?
When Lenny gets frustrated or upset, he turns to his peers rather than his parents for support. As a matter of fact, Lenny relies on his peers more than his parents for most things. Lenny is probably from: A) a permissive home. B) an authoritarian home. C) an authoritative home. D) an autocratic home.
A) a permissive home.
Individuals are more likely to engage in risky behavior when they see the behavior as: A) a personal choice rather than an ethical dilemma B) an ethical dilemma rather than a personal choice C) a private issue rather than a personal choice D) something they are entitled to, rather than an ethical issue
A) a personal choice rather than an ethical dilemma
In early and middle adolescence, adolescents become more _____ with respect to parents, and more _____ with respect to peers. A) autonomous; conformist B) conformist; autonomous C) autonomous; autonomous D) conformist; conformist
A) autonomous; conformist
Cara hates that her mother always asks her where she is going and who she is hanging out with. Cara's attempts to keep secrets are her attempt to establish: A) autonomy. B) independence. C) maturity. D) self-reliance.
A) autonomy.
Jane has decided not to go along with her friends and drink after school. She realizes that this is wrong, and decides not to give in to the peer pressure. What type of autonomy is Jane exhibiting? A) behavioral B) emotional C) cognitive D) none of the above
A) behavioral
Which of the following aspects of autonomy involves the capacity to make independent decisions and follow through with them? A) behavioral autonomy B) psychosocial autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) cognitive autonomy
A) behavioral autonomy
In classical psychoanalytic theories, the process of separation that occurs during early adolescence is referred to as: A) detachment. B) separation anxiety. C) distinction. D) individuation.
A) detachment.
Karen's parents have noticed that throughout Karen's adolescent years, their relationship has transformed. What type of autonomy is Karen expressing? A) emotional B) cognitive C) behavioral D) none of the above
A) emotional
When Ramon expresses a view that differs from his father's, Ramon's father asks his son to clarify the statement and he probes his son's logic. Ramon's father is: A) enabling his son's autonomy. B) constraining his son's autonomy. C) inhibiting his son's individuation. D) creating distance between himself and his son.
A) enabling his son's autonomy.
Research suggests that adolescents _________ are the most likely to be susceptible to peer pressure. A) from families in which parents are strict and make decisions for their adolescents B) whose parents encourage autonomy C) who have positive regard for their parents D) from authoritative homes that encourage independent decision making
A) from families in which parents are strict and make decisions for their adolescents
According to research cited in the textbook, susceptibility to antisocial peer pressure is _____ among relatively _____ acculturated Latino adolescents than their _____ acculturated peers. A) higher; more; less B) higher; less; more C) lower; more; less D) none of the above options are true
A) higher; more; less
During childhood, boys and girls are: A) highly oriented toward their parents and far less oriented toward their peers B) less oriented toward their parents and far more oriented toward their peers C) highly oriented toward their peers and far less oriented toward their teachers D) highly oriented toward their peers and far less oriented toward their parents
A) highly oriented toward their parents and far less oriented toward their peers
If an adolescent is making a decision regarding long-term occupational plans, he or she is likely to go to ___________ for advice. A) his or her parents B) a friend C) an acquaintance D) no one
A) his or her parents
Tyler's parents comment that his 1st year in college has been very good for him because he has learned to accept responsibility for his actions. Tyler's parents are describing: A) individuation. B) crystallization. C) specification. D) psychosocial moratorium.
A) individuation.
Emotional autonomy develops best when parents encourage _______ and _______. A) individuation; emotional closeness B) individuation; emotional distance C) detachment; emotional distance D) independence; interdependence
A) individuation; emotional closeness
As a child, Joe doesn't understand that he simply cannot take the things he wants. As he gets older, he comes to understand about the concept of ownership. This change is an example of: A) moral development. B) peer pressure. C) self-reliance. D) detachment.
A) moral development.
Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents? A) on how to wear his hair B) on the issue of capital punishment C) on the choice of religious preference D) on the value of a college education
A) on how to wear his hair
Which of the following events have researchers suggested is one of the most important triggers of the individuation process? A) puberty B) identity development C) detaching from parents D) seeing parents as people
A) puberty
Youth advocates argue that adolescents over age 16 should have the right to seek health care services without parental knowledge or consent because these adolescents: A) reason in ways that are significantly more sophisticated than younger adolescents. B) have more rights than younger adolescents. C) are at an age where they could legally become emancipated. D) are more sexually active than younger adolescents.
A) reason in ways that are significantly more sophisticated than younger adolescents.
During late adolescence, individuals define their religious beliefs based on: A) their own system of personal religious beliefs B) the teachings of their parents C) the beliefs of their peers D) this question is difficult to answer because adolescents are private about their religious beliefs
A) their own system of personal religious beliefs
According to the textbook, many young people find it frustrating that: A) they feel emotionally independent but have to abide by their parents' rules as long as they are being supported economically B) their parents expect them to be so autonomous and independent at such a young age C) they are economically independent, but still rely on parents for approval regarding religious and political issues D) they are working the same jobs as some adults, but have less freedom and more supervision than the adults
A) they feel emotionally independent but have to abide by their parents' rules as long as they are being supported economically
Which of the following statements about parent-child relationships in adolescence is true?
Adolescents who become emotionally autonomous but feel distant from their parents score poorly on measures of psychological adjustment.
Which of the following is a trend in the development of adolescent cognitive autonomy?
Adolescents' beliefs become centered in their own values.
Which of the following teenagers is the least susceptible to peer pressure?
Alisha, who is Black
Which of the following typically leads adolescents to be involved in service activities?
Attending school with a community service requirement
Which of the following parenting styles is most beneficial to the development of healthy behavioral autonomy?
Authoritative
The sexual behavior of adolescents who have talked about sex with their parents is ________ compared to the sexual behavior of adolescents who have not talked to their parents about sex: A ) more influenced by peer pressure B ) less influenced by peer pressure C ) more influenced by drug use D ) less influenced by drug use
B ) less influenced by peer pressure
During late adolescence and the college years, students who live away from home report all but which of the following? A ) better communication with their parents B ) more strained family relationships C ) higher levels of satisfaction with their family relationship D ) more affection for parents
B ) more strained family relationships
Parents who use a lot of psychological control are best characterized as being: A ) emotionally close and permissive. B ) overprotective and intrusive. C ) emotionally distant and critical. D ) intrusive and emotionally distant.
B ) overprotective and intrusive.
Michelle's parents believe in relaxed rules and guidelines. They believe that rules and regulations will inhibit Michelle's discovery of herself as a person. In what way is this parental philosophy not likely to affect Michelle? A) Michelle will be emotionally detached from her parents. B) Michelle will be genuinely autonomous. C) Michelle will be psychosocially dependent on her friends. D) Michelle's social life will be important to her.
B) Michelle will be genuinely autonomous.
Which statement concerning adolescents' ability to see their parents as people is false? A) This aspect of emotional autonomy may not develop until early adulthood. B) This aspect of emotional autonomy develops later in adolescents' relations with their mothers than with their fathers. C) During high school, adolescents have difficulty seeing their parents as individual beyond their role as parents. D) Fifteen-year-olds are not much better than 10-year-olds at seeing their parents as people.
B) This aspect of emotional autonomy develops later in adolescents' relations with their mothers than with their fathers.
Kristie believes that her parents are too strict and has decided not to abide by their rules. She refuses to do her chores around the house and breaks curfew every night. Kristie is probably from: A) a permissive home. B) an authoritarian home. C) an authoritative home. D) an autocratic home.
B) an authoritarian home.
The psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of independence is called: A) autocracy. B) autonomy. C) detachment. D) morality.
B) autonomy.
Before Shirley fills out her course registration for fall semester, she asks her parents which courses they think she should take. Shirley also consults the guidance counselor at school as well as some of her close friends. She weighs their suggestions, then enrolls in the courses that seem best suited to her educational goals. Which type of autonomy is Shirley expressing? A) cognitive autonomy B) behavioral autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) psychosocial autonomy
B) behavioral autonomy
Which of the following is not a good predictor of volunteerism? A) having parents who actively volunteer in the community B) being male C) being actively involved in religion D) being extroverted
B) being male
Research on religious changes during adolescence indicates that: A) adolescents believe that attending church exhibits a person's religious commitment. B) children are more strict observers of religious customs. C) college students are more religiously oriented than children. D) religion is more important to older adolescents than to children.
B) children are more strict observers of religious customs.
Seth and his father are discussing politics. Seth says that the government is a corrupt institution and should be overthrown. His father responds, "That's the dumbest thing I've ever heard! What are you, some kind of moron?" This type of interaction can be characterized as: A) coercive behavior. B) constraining behavior. C) repressive behavior. D) judgmental behavior.
B) constraining behavior.
A person who obeys the rules because of a sense of social obligation is functioning at which level of moral development? A) principled B) conventional C) postconventional D) preconventional
B) conventional
Research suggests that the majority of adolescents probably function at which of the following moral reasoning levels? A) principled B) conventional C) postconventional D) preconventional
B) conventional
Mark complains to his mother that there is nothing wrong with drinking a little beer because, "Everyone my age does it once in a while." Mark's level of moral development would be described as: A) preconventional stage. B) conventional stage. C) postconventional stage. D) anticonventional stage.
B) conventional stage.
During adolescence, the importance of religion: A) increases. B) decreases. C) decreases during early adolescence and then begins to increase. D) remains the same.
B) decreases.
Viggo says to his friends, "You know, sometimes my Dad is wrong and I tell him so and I give him my opinion. I didn't use to do that when I was younger—I used to think that everything he said was right." Viggo is demonstrating: A) individuation. B) deidealization of parents. C) seeing parents as people. D) nondependence.
B) deidealization of parents.
Recent research indicates that _______ has negative effects on adolescents' mental health, whereas _________ has positive ones. A) detachment; nondependency B) detachment; individuation C) individuation; nondependency D) individuation; detachment
B) detachment; individuation
Peter is noticing changes in the expression of affection and distribution of power in his relationships with his parents. He is less likely to rush to them with a problem, and is spending more time with his friends. What type of autonomy is developing with Peter? A) behavioral B) emotional C) cognitive D) none of the above
B) emotional
Individuals who oppose trying juvenile offenders as adults often base their arguments on findings that: A) the legal age of majority is 18. B) generally speaking, adolescents do not have the same decision-making competence as adults. C) no juvenile can think as maturely as an adult. D) there is consensus that juveniles do not have sufficiently good decision-making skills to understand right from wrong.
B) generally speaking, adolescents do not have the same decision-making competence as adults.
Which of the following is not a shift that is noticed in the political thinking of adolescents as they mature? A) increased abstraction B) increased authoritarianism C) movement away from obedience D) greater use of principles
B) increased authoritarianism
All of the following are characteristics of the development of cognitive autonomy, except: A) increasingly abstract ways to think about moral, political, ideological, and religious issues. B) increasing emotional distance from parents. C) beliefs that are increasingly rooted in general principles that have an ideological basis. D) beliefs that are increasingly founded in the individual's own values.
B) increasing emotional distance from parents.
In contrast to the psychoanalytic perspective, many researchers today assert that a late adolescent who is gradually and progressively sharpening his/her sense of self as autonomous, competent, and separate from one's parents is developing a sense of: A) autonomy. B) individuation. C) self-evaluation. D) morality.
B) individuation.
As children approach adolescence, children become somewhat _____oriented toward their parents; and _____ oriented toward their peers, and peer pressure begins to _____. A) more; less; subside B) less; more; escalate C) more; more; decline D) less; less; decrease
B) less; more; escalate
According to the textbook, which of the following statements about moral reasoning and moral behavior is not true: A) in tests measuring moral reasoning, assessments are made in a social vacuum, but such vacuums don't exist in the real world B) moral behavior and moral reasoning always go hand in hand C) situational factors influence moral choices D) all of the above are true
B) moral behavior and moral reasoning always go hand in hand
Critics of Kohlberg's theory have asserted that reasoning morally is not the same as behaving morally. Research addressing these concerns has found that: A) these critics are correct in noting that there is little relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior. B) people reason about life-and-death dilemmas in ways that parallel their reasoning about moral dilemmas they encounter in their daily lives. C) people who reason at higher stages of moral thought are more tolerant of others' misbehavior. D) there is little difference for adolescents between issues defined as personal choices and those defined as ethical dilemmas.
B) people reason about life-and-death dilemmas in ways that parallel their reasoning about moral dilemmas they encounter in their daily lives.
Craig is always the first to go along with the deviant activities his friends suggest. With which style of parenting was Craig probably raised? A) authoritarian B) permissive C) authoritative D) autocratic
B) permissive
According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral reasoning would someone who saw society's rules and conventions as relative and subject be at: A) preconventional B) postconventional C) preconventional D) this description does not match one of Kohlberg's levels
B) postconventional
Postconventional reasoning also has been referred to as: A) emotional reasoning. B) principled moral reasoning. C) self-reliant reasoning. D) autonomous reasoning.
B) principled moral reasoning.
All of the following are reasons stated in the text to explain why adolescent autonomy has attracted the attention of developmental psychologists, except: A) the physical changes of early adolescence trigger changes in the adolescent's emotional relationships at home. B) puberty sets up a situation of the adolescent's increasing emotional dependence on the family. C) The cognitive changes of adolescence provide the foundation for changes in the adolescent's thinking about social, moral, and ethical problems. D) changes in social roles raise concerns about independence relating to increased responsibility and self-reliance.
B) puberty sets up a situation of the adolescent's increasing emotional dependence on the family.
There are two components of religious development: (1) _____, which refers to the religious practices one engages in; and (2) _____, which refers to one's personal quest for answers to questions about God and the mean of life. A) spirituality; religiosity B) religiosity; spirituality C) religion practices; religion search D) religion behaviors; religion quest
B) religiosity; spirituality
The paradox of adolescent autonomy is that: A) adolescents today are more economically dependent than in previous times, yet have fewer responsibilities than their peers in previous eras. B) whereas adolescents today are expected to be increasingly autonomous psychologically and socially, they are now less autonomous economically. C) whereas adolescence extends longer today than it did in previous eras, today's adolescents are more autonomous than in previous times. D) as autonomy increases in adolescence, "storm and stress" decrease.
B) whereas adolescents today are expected to be increasingly autonomous psychologically and socially, they are now less autonomous economically.
Which of the following adolescents is most likely to attend church regularly and to state that religion is important?
Barry, who is 13
Sex differences in the extent to which adolescents are granted independence appear to be especially pronounced within ______ households.
Black
When asked what a guilty person should do when being interrogated by police, younger adolescents are more likely than older adolescents to say: A ) the person should remain silent. B ) the person should give the police misleading information. C ) the person should confess. D ) the person should blame someone else.
C ) the person should confess.
Typically, adolescents who rebel against their parents or authorities do so because: A ) they are asserting their independence from their parents. B ) they are asserting their personal individuality. C ) they are conforming to their peers. D ) they are more emotionally mature than their nonrebellious counterparts.
C ) they are conforming to their peers.
At which of the following ages would you expect susceptibility to peer pressure to be the greatest? A) 8 years B) 11 years C) 14 years D) 19 years
C) 14 years
Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of increased emotional autonomy among adolescents? A) Adolescents are eager to get their parents help and advice with problems. B) Adolescents feel their parents are all-knowing and all-powerful. C) Adolescents are able to see their parents as people. D) Adolescents have difficulty sympathizing with their parents' problems.
C) Adolescents are able to see their parents as people.
Which of the following statements about autonomy is false? A) Adolescents are less emotionally dependent on their parents than they were as children. B) Children are closer to their parents than adolescents. C) An absence of conflict between an adolescent and his or her parents indicates a delay in autonomy development. D) In general, adolescents get along very well with their parents.
C) An absence of conflict between an adolescent and his or her parents indicates a delay in autonomy development.
Which statement about conformity to peers is most true? A)Conformity is higher during later adolescence. B) Conformity is low when the behavior in question is antisocial. C) Conformity is higher during early and middle adolescence than later adolescence, especially when the behavior in question is antisocial. D) Conformity to peers is low during early and middle adolescence.
C) Conformity is higher during early and middle adolescence than later adolescence, especially when the behavior in question is antisocial.
Which statement regarding autonomy development would not fit with Anna Freud's theory? A) The physical changes of puberty cause substantial disruption in the family system. B) Detachment in adolescence is a result of tensions between family members. C) Emotional autonomy during adolescence involves a transformation of family relationships. D) Intrapsychic conflicts that have been repressed since early childhood are reawakened at early adolescence by the resurgence of sexual impulses.
C) Emotional autonomy during adolescence involves a transformation of family relationships.
Which of the following statements concerning volunteerism is false? A) Engaging in community service leads to short-term gains in social responsibility. B) Engaging in community service increases the importance individuals place on helping others. C) Engaging in community service has a long-lasting positive impact even when it is part of a school mandated service learning program. D) Engaging in community service leads to increased commitment to tolerance, equal opportunity, and cultural diversity.
C) Engaging in community service has a long-lasting positive impact even when it is part of a school mandated service learning program.
Which adolescent is most likely to feel anxious and depressed? A) Javier, whose family lacks closeness B) Enrique, whose father often probes his son's logic C) Humberto, whose family discourages his individuation D) Augusto, whose parents are intrusive
C) Humberto, whose family discourages his individuation
Which of the following types of parenting promotes healthy emotional autonomy in adolescents? A) authoritarian B) autocratic C) authoritative D) permissive
C) authoritative
Healthy individuation and positive mental health are fostered by _____ family relationships. A) constraining B) authoritarian C) close D) distant
C) close
Mrs. Smith is unable to accept her son's long hair and loud music. She responds to his individuality by devaluing and judging rather than questioning and probing. What type of behavior is Mrs. Smith demonstrating? A) enabling B) autonomous C) constraining D) distracting
C) constraining
Over the course of adolescence, individuals come to _____ prosocial acts that are done for _____ reasons. A) respect; self-serving B) seek out; non-biased C) devalue; self-serving D) devalue; humanitarian
C) devalue; self-serving
As Barbara moves into adolescence, her relationship with her mother and father changes. She is becoming less dependent on them and more dependent on herself. She also realizes that her parents are not always right. Which type of autonomy is Barbara expressing? A) behavioral autonomy B) psychosocial autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) cognitive autonomy
C) emotional autonomy
Which of the following type of autonomy refers to that aspect of independence related to changes in an individual's close relationships? A) behavioral autonomy B) psychosocial autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) cognitive autonomy
C) emotional autonomy
According to the textbook, parents who exhibit _____ behavior facilitate more healthy autonomous development, whereas parents who exhibit _____ behavior have difficulty accepting their child's individuality. A) constraining; enabling B) constraining; repressive C) enabling; constraining D) repressive; enabling
C) enabling; constraining
Feldman and her colleagues have found evidence for variations in autonomy expectations as a function of: A) gender. B) birth order. C) ethnicity. D) all of the above
C) ethnicity.
Whereas _________ refers to individuals' capacity to behave on their own, ___________ has emotional and cognitive as well as behavioral components. A) independence; self-sufficiency B) autonomy; independence C) independence; autonomy D) autonomy; self-sufficiency
C) independence; autonomy
Susceptibility to social pressure: A) is most often seen in the antisocial behavior of girls during early and middle adolescence. B) is higher among less acculturated Latino adolescents than among their more acculturated peers. C) is likely to result in false confessions by adolescents if confronted with fake "evidence." D) occurs early in adolescence because pressure by the peer group is strong enough to make even the most autonomous adolescent comply.
C) is likely to result in false confessions by adolescents if confronted with fake "evidence."
Albert always follows the clothing trends his friends start at school. Carl ignores the trends at school and strictly adheres to his parents' guidelines for dressing. Which adolescent is genuinely autonomous? A) Albert B) Carl C) neither Albert nor Carl D) both Albert and Carl
C) neither Albert nor Carl
Peers usually have more influence than parents on matters of: A) work. B) education. C) personal taste. D) admired personal qualities.
C) personal taste.
Which of the following is an example of cognitive autonomy? A) establishing more adultlike relationships with family members B) relying less on your parents for emotional support C) refusing to cheat on an exam even when the teacher is not in the room D) seeking the advice of others when faced with a serious question
C) refusing to cheat on an exam even when the teacher is not in the room
Research suggests that which aspect of emotional autonomy does not increase over the period of adolescence? A) individuation B) deidealization of parents C) seeing parents as people D) nondependence
C) seeing parents as people
Madeline is affiliated with a fundamentalist religious group. Much of the research on religion and adolescence would suggest that Madeline: A) would be more likely than other adolescents to rebel against the constraints placed on her by her religion. B) would be more likely than other adolescents to rebel against constraints place on her by her parents. C) would be less depressed and less likely to engage in premarital sex. D) would be more likely to live in an inner-city neighborhood.
C) would be less depressed and less likely to engage in premarital sex.
Which of the following is developed in adolescence and allows adolescents to see how others' perspectives influence their decision-making?
Capacity for intellectual abstraction
Which of the following statements illustrates de-idealization in adolescence?
Children place their parents on a pedestal, whereas adolescents knock their parents off of the pedestal.
Considering adolescents' decision-making abilities, which typically matures first?
Cognitive abilities
What are researchers most likely to cite as the root cause of adolescents seeking emotional autonomy?
Cognitive development
Adolescents who have less positive relationships with their parents are more likely to do all but which of the following: A ) spend time with friends in unsupervised settings. B ) hang out with negative peers. C ) be highly peer-oriented. D ) be influenced by friends who perform well in school.
D ) be influenced by friends who perform well in school.
With age, adolescents become more likely to consider both the risks and benefits associated with the decisions they make and more likely to weigh the long-term consequences of their choices. According to the textbook, these improvements seem to be due to all of the following except: A ) the decline in the extent to which decisions are influenced by their potential to produce an immediate reward B ) the ways in which rewards and costs influence decisions change over the course of adolescence C ) the increase in the ability to control their impulses D ) the increase in the probability that decision-making is influenced by emotions
D ) the increase in the probability that decision-making is influenced by emotions
Which of the following adolescents (all are the same age) would be most susceptible to peer pressure? A) Steven, a male adolescent B) Paul, a black adolescent C) Annie, an adolescent from a single-parent family D) All of these youths are likely to appear relatively more susceptible to peer pressure.
D) All of these youths are likely to appear relatively more susceptible to peer pressure.
Which adolescent would probably score lowest on measures of prosocial moral reasoning? A) Latonya, who scores high on androgyny B) Talya, who scores high on femininity C) Michael, who scores high on femininity D) Barney, who scores high on masculinity
D) Barney, who scores high on masculinity
In contrast with younger adolescents, older adolescents: A) are more likely to be Republicans than Democrats. B) are more likely to believe in autocratic rule and take an acquiescent stance toward government. C) are equally as likely to be influenced by their living environment. D) are more likely to challenge authority and argue that laws should be reexamined.
D) are more likely to challenge authority and argue that laws should be reexamined.
Advanced levels of moral reasoning are indicative of which parenting style? A) authoritarian B) permissive C) neglectful D) authoritative
D) authoritative
The transformation in religious thinking during adolescence can be best understood as part of the overall development of ________ autonomy. A) adolescent B) behavioral C) emotional D) cognitive
D) cognitive
Researchers have found that prosocial moral reasoning: A) correlates positively with prosocial behavior, but not with attitudes toward helping others. B) correlates positively with attitudes toward helping others, but not with actual prosocial behavior. C) correlates positively with both sympathy and empathy, but not with actual prosocial behavior. D) correlates positively with both prosocial behavior and attitudes toward helping others.
D) correlates positively with both prosocial behavior and attitudes toward helping others.
During late adolescence, the susceptibility to peer pressure _________ and the strength of peer pressure _________. A) increases; increases B) increases; decreases C) decreases; decreases D) decreases; increases
D) decreases; increases
When is an adolescent most likely to question his or her religious beliefs? A) during junior high B) during middle school C) during high school D) during college
D) during college
Carrie's parents have repeatedly told her not to pierce her belly button despite her argument that all of her friends are getting their belly buttons pierced. Carrie's urge to pierce her navel probably stems from: A) her desire to rebel against her parents. B) her need to express her true identity. C) her desire to be a true individual. D) her desire to conform to her peers.
D) her desire to conform to her peers.
Which of the following types of households creates adolescents who do not develop healthy autonomy, have difficulty complying with rules, and are usually dependent on their friends? A) authoritarian B) autocratic C) authoritative D) permissive
D) permissive
According to Kohlberg, reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments is called: A) principled. B) conventional. C) postconventional. D) preconventional.
D) preconventional.
Issues of autonomy: A) are typically resolved during toddlerhood. B) are typically resolved during adolescence. C) are typically resolved in early adulthood. D) recur throughout the life span.
D) recur throughout the life span.
Which of the following are Asian adolescents more likely to do than White adolescents?
Define themselves in terms of their relationship with their parents
Which of the following is most helpful to an adolescent who needs to decide whether someone who is giving advice is credible?
Enhanced role-taking abilities
Which of the following is an alternative to the classic psychoanalytic perspective on adolescent detachment?
Individuation
Which adolescent would be most susceptible to peer pressure?
JaNell, who is 14
Which of the following illustrates the notion that moral behavior and moral reasoning do not always go hand in hand?
Jeff knows that the speed limit is 70 but he drives 80.
Which of the following is characteristic of adolescents who function at a higher level of moral reasoning?
More tolerant
The dominant theoretical viewpoint in the study of moral reasoning is grounded in ______'s theory.
Piaget
Which of the following types of reasoning is develops last among adolescents?
Postconventional
The two main models of individuation hold that individuation occurs because of which changes?
Puberty or cognitive development
Which of the following is an example of a prosocial behavior?
Raking leaves for a widow
Which of the following characterizes an autonomous adolescent?
Seeking parents' advice
______ is/are a time when many individuals reexamine and reevaluate the beliefs and values they grew up with.
The early college years
Which of the following best describes how adolescents' beliefs about their parents' authority over them change during adolescence?
They increasingly identify areas of their lives that they do not believe their parents should regulate.
Troy is 13 years old and his brother Thom is 17 years old. Which of the following is true about Troy and Thom?
Troy is more likely than Thom to be drawn to immediate rewards.
Which of the following ethnic groups has the earliest expectations for adolescent autonomy?
White
Teenagers who engage in more prosocial behavior are more likely to ______.
be more sympathetic and empathic
Related to peer pressure, studies of delinquency reveal that antisocial behavior is most often committed by ______.
boys in groups
Being involved in political and community affairs is an example of ______.
civic engagement
Campaigning for a gubernatorial candidate is an example of ______.
civic engagement
No longer viewing your parents as perfect individuals is known as
de-idealization
There is strong support among adolescents for fundamental ______, such as representation and majority rule.
democratic principles
Adolescents who do not feel good about themselves and who have very intrusive parents are especially vulnerable to
depression
Proponents of mandatory community service for all students argue that service activities help young people to ______.
develop concern for the community
One explanation about young adolescents' susceptibility to peer pressure is that it ______.
doesn't change
Preconventional morality is ______.
dominant in most of childhood
An adolescent who can sympathize when her mother has a bad day at work is demonstrating ______ autonomy.
emotional
Adolescents whose parents have failed to provide sufficient ______ are likely to become psychologically dependent on their friends.
guidance
One explanation as to why young adolescents are more susceptible to peer influence is because of their ______.
heightened orientation toward social stimuli
Teenagers who are better able to stand up to their friends are better able to control the ______.
impulsive, emotional decision making that often occurs in the peer group
The progressive sharpening of an individual's sense of being an autonomous, independent person is known as .
individuation
The tendency to justify one's own bad acts is called ______.
moral disengagement
Political thinking during adolescence becomes ______.
more independent
Amber's mom is overcontrolling to the point of trying to control Amber's emotions. Amber's mom is exerting ______ control.
psychological
Kaden, age 15, has authoritarian parents. Kaden's parents are likely to view his emotional independence as ______.
rebellious
The religious practices one engages in are called ______.
religiosity
Across many different cultural contexts, one of the most robust predictors of success in life is strong ______.
self-regulation
Brain research on neural influences on peer pressure indicate that the development of ______ is a key aspect of positive development in adolescence.
self-regulation
Volunteering in community service activities is also called ______ learning.
service
The most important influence on the political behavior of young people tends to be the ______ in which they grow up.
social context
Service learning is the act of learning ______.
through volunteering in community service activities
Marcus is 15 years old. As he moves into late adolescence and early adulthood, he will view lying to his parents as ______.
unacceptable
Adolescents who have ______ score higher on measures of moral reasoning than those who have not.
volunteered considerable amounts of time in service activities