Adv normal lang review

Speech Act Theory

concerned not just with the literal meaning of a sentence but with what kinds of acts or functions derive from it

Dialogue

conversation between two or more characters in the story that is in the form of a direct or indirect quotation.

Language is a

social behavior and its rules encompass pragmatic structures and functions as well as rules for phonology, morphology, semantics, and syntax

Pragmatic structures and functions must be examined with a

social context, primarily within the social context of a conversation.

The units of analysis for pragmatics are known as

speech acts, communication acts, or communication functions.

Initiating event

statement of the problem.

Children learn rules about pragmatic structures and function

while engaged in conversation

In contrast to conversational or narrative, expository

-more complex sentence, more passives and models, rely on generic pronouns, highly nominal, reflects world knowledge and intellectual development, requires sensitivity to listener needs

role of that each utterance plays in the development of the overall conversation

Should also be examined

Types of narratives

Spontaneous or elicited Spontaneous - personal or fictional Elicited- personal, script, fictional (fictional- story generation and story telling)

Problem or solution

State a problem and offer solutions

Compare/contrast

Tell me how things are alike and different

Description

Tell me what something is

Sequencing

Tell what happened or tell me how to do or make something

Key words enumerative

An example, forinstance, another, such as, to illustrate

Key words cause and effect

Because, since, reasons, results, so,

What is a c unit

Communication unit

What do we call the unit of analysis for pragmatics?

Conversational acts

Key words compare and contrast

Different or same, altough, or, however, on the other hand

Cause and effect

Explain or give reasons why something happens or exists

Example description

Fencing, described as physical chess, is my favorite sport

Key words sequencing

First, next, then, second, before, eventually

Enumeration

Give a list of things related to a topic and describe each

Cause-effect example

If you hear thunder immediately after seeing a lighting flash, you should know that the lightening strike was very close

How do we assess cohesion in a narrative

Pronoun reference (box) a for appropriate and i for inappropriate

Key word description

Is called, can be defined as, can be interpreted, is explained, refers to, is someone who

What is their relevance to school success

It shows advanced development shows that they'll be able to have abilities to be successful in school, research shows this

What are the levels

Level 1- none Level 2- no story grammar components but central theme Level 3-3 components initiating event, action, and consequences Level 4- initiating event, action, consequence plus one more Level 5- five story grammar components, three of which represent an episode system plus two more. Level 6- story grammar components consist of setting, initiating event, action, consequence, and an ending plus one more. Level 7- all components

Methods for eliciting narrative samples

Listener (context shared or not) Visual stimuli - objects movie, video, picture sequence, wordless pic book, single prop picture, no picture

What do we evaluate in script

Looking at sentences in order, time, all the steps in right order

Assessing expository

Purpose Organization Cohesion Linguistic productivity Syntactic complexity

What are literate language features

Mental and Linguistic verbs- " think, know, believe, feel, answer, tell, reply, say, speak" Elaborative noun phrase- more than one modifier ie she is the next president Adverb- forms used to modify verbs ly Conjunctions- for, or, yet, but, so, after, as, because, for, if, when, though

What is a t unit

Minimal terminable unit

Factors affecting the representativeness of the sample

Nature of the Interaction Consistency of the Procedures Materials Instructions and Prompts Sample Size Method of Recording Type of narrative elicited

Sequencing example

Next year, i will be a fifth grader

Are there age norms for comparison on speech acts

No

What aspects are assessed by analysis of the microstructure of a narrative?

Number of T-units or CUs 2. Number of clauses 3. Words/clause 4. Words/T-unit or CU 5. clauses/T- unit or CU, also known as the subordination index (SI)) 6. Cohesion (pronominal, lexical, and conjunctions)

What aspects are assessed by analysis of the macrostructure of a narrative

Number of words Story grammar components Developmental level

Pragmatic analysis procedures

Primarily qualitative rather than quantitative

Assessing expository purpose

Types of expository ( ie describing, comparing and contrasting etc

Compare and contrast example

Unlike cats, dogs do not have retractable claws

Narrative def

an account of an experience or events that are temporally sequenced and convey some meaning

Speech/communication acts...

are the illocutionary aspect of communication • are the performative function of an utterance.

Attempt/action

attempts by the characters made to resolve the problem stated in the initiating event, an attempt to solve the problem. They may also include a verb form that is descriptive, but not directly related or attached to the initiating event.

Underlying these speech acts are the

intentions of the speaker for each utterance produced.

Grammar components setting

introduce the main character and tell where the story takes place. They include statements that set the stage for the development of the story

children with language disorders, pragmatic difficulties can co-occur with delays in

phonologic, morphologic, semantic, and syntactic skill, but may also occur in isolation from delays in these other areas.

Phonology, morphology, semantic, and syntax are learned within the contexts of conversation and develop alongside

pragmatic abilities.

Ending

resolution of the problem, can also be a summary statement.

Consequence

result of the attempt, or an outcome of the attempt

Key words problem or solution

the problem is, a olution is, challenges facing,

Internal response

thinking, feeling, or state of being statements. There are three types of internal responses. 1) A sensory internal response involves tasting, touching, hearing, seeing, and/or smelling. For example, "She heard a noise." "She saw the Aliens." "I told my mom." deciding. 2) A cognitive internal response involves thinking, wishing, and/or For example, "He knew it was a spaceship." 3) A descriptive internal response describes a state of being. For example, "They were talking strange." "They had green heads." "She was scared."