ADW 112

environmental justice

affirms the fundamental right to political, economic, cultural, and environmental self determination of all people.

the pan-African Congress

aimed to provide a forum for conversation and action among people of African descent across cultures, although the "criterion of unity" often overlooked issues such as imperialism, class, and national sensibilities.

violence

any human action that causes harm to the life or dignity of another person

activism/activists

both seeking for bringing about social or political change

Marxism

A branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle and includes both communism and other approaches.

imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. This led to the creation of a number of European empires which extended around the world.

socialism

A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

surrealism

An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images

capitalism

An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

revolution

An overthrow and replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

Harlem Renaissance

Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement.

Negrismo

Influenced by Negritude, a term commonly used in Spanish American intellectual circles in 1930s and 1940s. Emphasized the contribution of the African to Western world; however, the African element was not acknowledged as the center or the redemption if Caribbean culture. Nationality > Ethnicity/Race

proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Black Panther Party

Organization founded in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale to advance the black power movement in black communities.

colonialism

The practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic, and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor, and markets in other countries or regions.

women's activism and liberation movements

Women's Political Council (WPC), Federation of South African Women (FSAW), Ruby Doris Smith Robinson

Black feminism

a branch of feminism that moves away from the "mythical norm of women" and acknowledges the intersections of identity beyond gender.

Berlin Africa Conference

a conference consisting of European countries and the United States of America. Its purpose was to regulate the procedures according to which the powers should be entitled to claim formal control over colonial territories, in W. Africa and elsewhere. It was an event which very much affected the future of the African peoples, although they were not even indirectly represented at the conference.

Civil Rights Movement

a social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. People worked together to change unfair laws. They gave speeches, marched in the streets, and participated in boycotts.Major leaders: MLK and Malcolm X

Black Power

a term coined by Stokely Carmichael, which calls for Black people to define themselves for themselves; also, establish their own everything and separate from white society.

negritude

a twentieth century political and cultural movement that advocated for human rights for blacks globally, although it did not necessarily engender a mass following

Organization of Afro-American Unity

created by Malcolm X in 1965, that sought to unify the non-Muslim 22 million Afro-Americans with the African continent. sought to reconnect African Americans with their African heritage, establish economic independence, and promote African American self-determination.

pan-Africanism

emphasized the unity and solidarity of Africans and people of African descent around the world.

gender integration movements

engage women and men in overlapping movement structures and tasks to achieve common social transformational goals.

Teatro Experimental do Negro

founded by Abdias Nascimento, a project created to place images of black dignity on the stage, a process in which, according to Julio Cesar Tavarez, "the bodies of those subjects socially rejected by the racist structure were transformed by TEN into archetypes of resistance; demanded that blacks receive serious treatment on the stage and be given tragic proportions.

development

from "Some Questions of Development" by Walter Rodney, developed countries: all industrialized, greater part of working population is engaged in industry rather than agriculture, majority of wealth comes out of industries, high output of labor per man because of advanced technology and skills

underdevelopment

from "Some Questions of Development" by Walter Rodney; not the absence of development but rather the retardation of economic development; used as a means of comparison.

gender parallel movements

include both women and men in the same movement but in separate structures and and activities.

gender independent movements

involves women and men in completely separate actions and organizations with different projects and ultimate objectives.

Black Arts Movement

name given to a group of politically motivated black poets, artists, dramatists, musicians, and writers who emerged in the wake of the Black Power Movement.

oppression

prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control1

bourgeoisie

the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.

Garveyism

the near-global black nationalist movement established by Marcus Garvey, formally knowns as the United Negro Improvement Association. Its broad antiracist and anti colonialist agenda emphasized global political solidarity among all black people, economic independence, a vigorous appeal to identification with Africa, and a positive black self-image

colonization as "thingification"

the phenomenon that during colonization, the colonizer loses his humanity and takes the natives's as well. Also, the native is treated as a "thing" rather than a human being.

the color line

used as a reference to the racial segregation that existed after the abolition of slavery, coined by W.E.B. DuBois