AE Quiz 4

Briefly explain what a majority opinion is. What is a concurring opinion? A dissenting opinion?

A majority opinion is the opinion of at least five of the Supreme Court justices when deciding a case that explains why that decision was made. A concurring opinion is an opinion that rules with the majority, but for a different reason. A dissenting opinion is the opinion of the justice or justices who disagree with the majority and want to be on the record to explain why.

Which is a policy position generally held by the Democratic Party? a. Individuals have a right to keep and bear arms. b. Unborn children have a right to life that cannot be infringed. c. Health care is a right, not a privilege. d. The Affordable Care Act must be repealed.

Health care is a right, not a privilege.

How are interest groups different from political parties? a. Interest groups are made up of corporations and businesses; political parties are made up of individuals. b. Interest groups are separated into Democrats and Republicans; political parties are separated into many more interests. c. Interest groups seek to attain their goals from the outside; political parties seek to attain their goals from the inside. d. Interest groups influence policies through electioneering and governing; political parties do so through lobbying.

Interest groups seek to attain their goals from the outside; political parties seek to attain their goals from the inside.

If someone robs a bank, they have violated which type of law? a. criminal law b. civil law c. administrative law d. regulatory law

criminal law

Many interest groups face the ______ when recruiting members who can gain the benefits of their activities whether or not they join. a. public goods dilemma b. free rider problem c. limited incentives problem d. imperceptible threat paradox

free rider problem

How are the U.S. courts of appeals arranged? a. in 13 circuits, representing the thirteen original colonies b. in 4 circuits, representing the North, East, South, and West c. in 12 circuits, representing geographic groupings and Washington, D.C. d. in 50 circuits, with one in each state

in 12 circuits, representing geographic groupings and Washington, D.C.

Identifying one's own interests with a party is called ______. a. party loyalty b. partisanship c. party identification d. party alignment

partisanship

Which is NOT a function of interest groups in politics? a. electing b. educating c. participating d. representation

electing

______ interest groups seek to influence the government on behalf of individuals who feel they are not represented because of who they are. a. Public b. Economic c. Government d. Equal opportunity

Equal opportunity

The concept of judicial review, which allows the Courts to determine the constitutionality of laws, was established in which case? a. Roe v. Wade b. Marbury v. Madison c. Griswold v. Connecticut d. McCulloch v. Maryland

Marbury v. Madison

Laws that are known in advance and apply the same way to everyone are known as ______. a. civil law tradition b. rule of law c. substantive laws d. procedural laws

Rule of law

Alexander Hamilton argued that the judicial branch would be the weakest branch in Federalist No. 78.

True

The legal system of the United States is ______. a. based purely on common law tradition b. a combination of common and civil law tradition c. a combination of civil and adversarial law tradition d. based purely on civil law tradition

a combination of common and civil law tradition

The election following the Great Depression, which ushered in Franklin Roosevelt and Democratic control in the 1930s, is an example of ______. a. a critical election b. gradual realignment c. a party era d. hyperpartisanship

a critical election

What is realignment? a. when the majority in Congress shifts from one party to the other b. a shift in the party base to less extreme, more moderate stances on policies and social issues c. when individuals move from the public sector to the private sector d. a long-term shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, resulting in a change in policy direction

a long-term shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, resulting in a change in policy direction

The "party in government" refers to one part of a connected three-part system that is a. dedicated to electing the party's candidates. b. an alliance of current officeholders cooperating to shape public policy. c. composed of those voters who identify with the party and regularly vote for its nominees. :d. only the party that is affiliated with the majority of the elected officials.

an alliance of current officeholders cooperating to shape public policy.

Interest groups often provide selective incentives, which are ______. a. benefits available only to elite group members b. public goods available to everyone c. goods and services provided to interest groups by the federal government d. benefits available only to group members

benefits available only to group members

The two main approaches to interpreting the Constitution are ______. a. judicial interpretivism and judicial restraint b. judicial interpretivism and strict constructionism c. judicial interpretivism and strict constitutionalism d. judicial activism and strict constructionism

judicial interpretivism and strict constructionism

What is the primary function of the judicial branch? a. to interpret and apply the law b. to pass laws and policies c. to ensure the executive branch stays within its powers d. to enforce existing laws and policies

to interpret and apply the law

Duverger's law explains a. why the Electoral College is so frequently unable to choose the President. b. why plurality elections always lead to party systems with more than two major competitors. c. why office seekers will frequently pursue office as independents or third-party nominees. d. why in any election in which a single winner is chosen by plurality voting, there is a strong tendency for serious competitors to be reduced to two.

why in any election in which a single winner is chosen by plurality voting, there is a strong tendency for serious competitors to be reduced to two.