AEC 132 Final Exam

A ____ is a forecast of construction costs prepared by the architect or designer during the design process to give the client an approximation of the expected cost to construct the building.

statement of probable construction cost

A ____ is a trough or trench that is dug and filled with drainage material and plant life to slowly absorb rainwater into the ground during and after a heavy rainfall.

swale

Standard inch construction modules are ____.

12", 16", and 24"

____ are thin metal or plastic sheets with a number of differently shaped slots and holes.

Erasing sheilds

____ are rules and principles that define right and wrong conduct.

Ethics

No matter how they are displayed, it is important to realize that between each elevation projection and the plan view is an imaginary 180° fold line.

False

Payments are typically made twice during construction.

False

Protractors can be used to measure angles to within 1/3°.

False

Rails are recommended at any rise that measures 28" or is three or more stair risers in height.

False

Small-scale drawings, such as plot plans, can be drawn at a scale of 1:100 to 1:700 depending on the size.

False

The architect or designer is always involved with several phases of preparation before construction begins on a project.

False

The attic space typically must be provided with vents that are covered with 1/8" minimum and 1/2" maximum screen mesh.

False

The completion notice is often posted in conjunction with a contractor inspection by the local building official and the client.

False

The greater the height of the plantings for sound insulation, the better the control.

False

The pencil used for sketching should have a hard lead.

False

The triangular architect's scale contains 15 different scales.

False

The vent system provides for the distribution of solid and liquid waste to the sewer line.

False

Thin lines in a drawing are less important than thick lines.

False

Townships are also numbered according to horizontal meridians, known as ranges.

False

Ultraviolet energy is measured in MERVs.

False

Wire gauge is a method of defining wire diameter by a number, with wire diameter decreasing as the number gets smaller.

False

Wood shakes are thinner than shingles and are also more irregular in their texture.

False

____ piping is commonly used in chemical, pollution control, pharmaceutical, and food industries because of its resistance to corrosion.

Stainless steel

____ drafting is the term used to describe traditional pencil or ink drafting.

Manual

Shakes and ____ create a jagged surface at the ridge and the edge.

Masonite

____ finishes may be made of brick, concrete block, or stone.

Masonry

____ masonry is normally a blend of materials that are manufactured at high temperatures and generally have higher compressive strength than concrete block or poured concrete.

Structural

____ walls are walls that do not go all the way across a room, and are dimensioned by giving their location to a stud face and their length.

Stub

____ are the vertical construction members used for framing walls and partitions.

Studs

____ appliances are items such as airtight stoves, freestanding fireplaces, fireplace stoves, room heaters, zero-clearance fireplaces, antique stoves, and fireplace inserts for existing masonry fireplaces.

Solid fuel-burning

Building sections are the result of passing the viewing plane through a structure to reveal the construction methods being used.

True

Built-up roofing of felt and asphalt is used on flat or low-sloped roofs below a 3/12 pitch but greater than 0.25/12 pitch.

True

Cabinet construction is an element of the final details of a structure known as millwork.

True

Compasses are used to draw circles and arcs.

True

Construction methods and materials can reduce sound transmission into the building.

True

Drawing eave vents is similar to drawing shutters.

True

Elevations are an essential part of the design and drawing process.

True

Extension and dimension lines are drawn thin and dark so they do not detract from the overall appearance and balance of the drawing.

True

Fixed-sum contracts, sometimes called lump-sum contracts, are used most often.

True

Floor plans are a key element in a complete set of architectural drawings.

True

For interior dimension strings, a single string is typically placed through dimension points.

True

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) is the terminology used to refer to the industry that deals with the heating and air-conditioning equipment and systems found in a building.

True

If an inspection is requested when the project is not ready, the building official may charge a fee for excess time spent.

True

In most cases, plumbing drawings are found as an individual component of the complete set of plans for a commercial building.

True

In sketching, a slightly rounded pencil point is best because it is easy to control and does not break easily.

True

Metal roofing panels often provide savings because of the speed and ease of installation.

True

Multiview projection establishes two or more views of an object as projected on two or more planes by using orthographic projection techniques.

True

Often the roof can present a larger visible surface area than the walls.

True

Opinions vary with regard to how walls are drawn on a floor plan.

True

Parametric design plays an important role in applications such as ceiling lighting grids.

True

Rain gardens are designed to collect rainwater and let the ground absorb it slowly.

True

Site orientation is one of the preliminary factors that an architect or designer takes into consideration when beginning the design process.

True

Site plan requirements vary by jurisdiction, such as city, county, or state.

True

Some object lines may not be drawn as thick as others.

True

Steel pipe with welded or threaded connections and fittings is used in heavy construction.

True

The CADD workstation is different from the traditional manual drafting table.

True

The degree of detail of the site analysis is generally appropriate to the scale of the proposed project.

True

The final step in the design process is for the drafter to implement the design changes on the preliminary drawing to establish the final HVAC drawing.

True

The front view is usually most important because it is the one from which the other views are established.

True

The lot and block legal description system can result from either the metes and bounds or the rectangular system.

True

The sections show the methods of construction for the framing crew.

True

The type of section to be drawn will dictate the amount of information to be displayed and how the material will be represented.

True

There should be no variation in darkness in properly drawn lines, only a variation in thickness, known as line contrast.

True

Use of the term architect is legally restricted to individuals who have been licensed by the state where they practice.

True

Various degrees of detailed representation may be needed for millwork, depending on its complexity and the design specifications.

True

Vertical siding is a common natural material for protecting a structure from the elements.

True

____ are documents that accompany the drawings and contain all pertinent written information related to the HVAC system.

Specifications

____ are written instructions for methods, materials, and quality of construction.

Specifications

____ is the term describing the tools and techniques used to provide and receive information to and from a computer application.

Interface

____ lines are lines on or parallel to one of the three original isometric axes.

Isometric

Design fees for architectural services of a custom house range from ____ of the total construction cost.

5 to 15%

The International Residential Code (IRC) requires a heating unit to be installed in any residence built in an area where the winter design temperature is below ____°F.

60

A(n) ____ is a horizontal intersection between two or more roof planes and represents the highest point of a roof.

ridge

A(n) ____ is a electric safety switch that automatically opens a circuit when excessive amperage occurs.

breaker

The ____ is the horizontal edge of a roof that overhangs the exterior wall.

eave

A(n) ____ works with the structural designer to optimize and harmonize the interior design of structures.

interior designer

In architectural drafting, it is common to prepare construction drawings showing two-dimensional exterior views of a structure that provide representations of exterior materials called ____.

elevations

The ____ are a group of drawings that show the exterior of a building.

elevations

A ____ drawer front is used to establish the appearance of a line of drawers just below the base cabinet top and above the doors.

false

The characteristics of the soil must be verified for suitability for a septic system by a soil ____ test.

feasibility

General notes are commonly lettered in the ____ of the drawing.

field

Masonry fireplaces are constructed of brick or stone and the firebox is constructed with ____.

fire brick

A ____ is a chamber that can serve as a distribution area for heating or cooling systems, generally between a false ceiling and the actual ceiling, or between construction members.

plenum

A ____ is the distance from the center of an arc or circle to the circumference.

radius

A ____ wall is a concrete or masonry wall supported at the top and bottom, designed to resist soil loads.

retaining

A ____ is an area of land generally one plot or construction lot in size.

site

Most houses are designed for one specific family.

False

____ is the inward flow of air through a porous wall or crack.

Infiltration

A ____ is a device used to regulate the flow of a gas or liquid.

valve

Vertical rails are required to be no more than ____" clear.

4

When drawn using AutoCAD, standard blocks should be represented with the ____ hatch pattern.

AR-816

____ on each type of section is used to specify materials and explain special installation procedures.

Annotation

An ____ is a licensed architect with six to eight years of experience.

Architect II

____ is a method or process of controlling and operating mechanical devices other than human power.

Automation

____ are placed at the intersection of walls and floors and are generally used for appearance and to protect the wall from damage.

Baseboards

When drawn using AutoCAD, the individual slats of the shutter can be placed using the ____ commands.

COPY or ARRAY

____ engineers are responsible for the design and supervision of a wide variety of construction projects, such as highways, bridges, sanitation facilities, and water treatment plants.

Civil

____ lines are used for laying out a drawing.

Construction

____ drawings are enlarged views of equipment, equipment installations, duct components, or any features that are not defined on the plan.

Detail

____ provide the measurements used for construction.

Dimensions

____ inspections are requested at various times, such as monthly, or they can be related to a specific disbursement schedule, such as four times during construction.

Disbursement

A(n) ____ is the person who creates the drawings and details for another person's creations.

Drafter

____ is a universal graphic language that uses lines, symbols, dimensions, and notes to describe a structure to be built.

Drafting

____ doors are used when it is desirable to have a door that may be half open and half closed.

Dutch

____ money is a good faith sum of money given to bind a contract.

Earnest

A common method of exterior construction design that helps deflect wind is a long, flat roof.

False

A complete forced-air heating plan shows the size, location, and number of Amps dispersed to the rooms from the warm-air supplies.

False

A drafter does only the menial chores around an office.

False

A hard metric conversion is the preferred metric construction standard that rounds off dimensions to convenient metric modules.

False

A major subdivision always requires the same detailed plats as a minor subdivision.

False

A versatile kitchen has at least one counter at a height of 36" for convenient wheelchair access.

False

Awning windows can be 100% openable and are best used where extreme weather conditions require a tight seal when the window is closed, although these windows are in common use everywhere.

False

Because the drawings in a set of plans are so interrelated, one drawing is always completed before another drawing is started so that relationships between the two can be studied more easily.

False

Combustion air is generally required as a screened closable vent installed within 21" of the solid fuel-burning appliance.

False

Duplex convenience outlets should be a maximum of 18' apart.

False

Foot units are followed by the " symbol, and inch units are followed by the ' symbol.

False

For windows, wooden frames are thinner than metal frames.

False

Grid markers are often used in residential drawings but are not very common in large structures.

False

In all localities the electrical power billing structure requires two meters.

False

Isometric drawings can be used to provide a two-dimensional representation of a plumbing layout.

False

Isometric sketches provide a two-dimensional (2D) pictorial representation of an object.

False

Leader lines are typically drawn with general notes.

False

Mantels are the members used to trim around windows and doors.

False

Material that is in front of the viewing plane can be seen.

False

____ for residential heating produce heat by burning fuel oil or natural gas, or by using electric heating coils or heat pumps.

Furnaces

____ is wood strips that are fastened to the studs or interior walls and ceilings and on which wall materials are attached.

Furring

____ is represented in sections by a single line or pairs of lines depending on the drawing scale.

Glass

____ are construction drawings that generally show existing and proposed topography.

Grading plans

____ water is the wastewater from sources such as baths, basins, sinks, washing machines, and dishwashers.

Gray

_____ are drawn to guide your manual lettering.

Guidelines

____ is used to carry liquids and gases used in the manufacture of products.

Industrial piping

____ is any item that is considered finish trim or finish woodwork.

Millwork

____ drawings represent the shape of an object using two or more views.

Multiview

____ are the posts that support the rail at the ends and at landings.

Newels

____ projection is any projection of features of an object onto an imaginary plane called a plane of projection.

Orthographic

____ are items outside the main computer box. These items can include printers, modems, and fax machines.

Peripherals

____ may include such uses as residential areas, recreational areas, open spaces, schools, libraries, churches, or convenient shopping facilities.

Planned unit developments

____ coordinate entry is used when points are located from the previous point at a specified distance and angle.

Polar

____ are used to reduce or enlarge an object without mathematical calculations or scale manipulations.

Proportional Dividers

____ are used for safety at stairs, landings, decks, and open balconies where people can fall.

Railings

____ is the capture of rainwater from the roofs of residential buildings.

Rainwater harvesting

____ are drawn to show the vertical relationships of the structural materials called for on the floor, framing, roof, and foundation plans.

Sections

____ is the minimum distance required between the structure and the property line.

Setback

____ are the minimum distance from the property lines to the front, rear, and sides of the structure.

Setbacks

____ is drawing without the aid of drafting equipment.

Sketching

____ is a physical description of land surface showing its variation in elevation, known as relief, and locating other features. Topology

Topography

A designer's responsibilities are very similar to those of an experienced drafter and are usually based on both education and experience.

True

A reflected ceiling plan (RCP) is a drawing that shows the features located on the ceiling of a room or space.

True

A subterranean structure may totally reduce the effects of wind.

True

A zoned heating system requires one heater and one thermostat per room.

True

An advantage of using CADD dimensions is that they are always accurate.

True

Break lines are used to remove a portion of an object, to show a partial view, or to shorten a long object.

True

____ elevations are part of the drawings used in the construction process to provide information for the building team and the municipality that will oversee the project.

Working

A ____ is an electrical device that either raises or lowers the voltage of electricity.

transformer

The dimensioning system most commonly used in architectural drafting is known as ____ dimensioning.

aligned

A(n) ____ is a measurement of electrical current flow.

ampere

The term ____ is commonly used in architectural CADD applications to refer to any text, notes, dimensions, and text symbols on a drawing.

annotation

A(n) ____ is a licensed professional who designs commercial and residential structures.

architect

The term ____ pencil refers to a pencil with a lead chamber that, at the push of a button or tab, advances the lead from the chamber to the writing tip.

automatic

When the fascia is placed parallel to the rafters or trusses, it is referred to as a ____ rafter.

barge

The legend and many general notes are often saved as a ____ for insertion in any drawing when needed.

block

Because of the low pitch and the lack of surface texture, ____ roofs are usually outlined and left blank on drawings.

built-up

Steel members are referenced to their ____.

center

Most land-related plans such as construction site plans are drawn using the ____ scale.

civil engineer's

The regularly scheduled ____ inspections required during specific phases of construction help ensure that the construction methods and materials meet local and national code requirements.

code

The ____ notice is a document that is posted in a noticeable place on or near the structure.

completion

A ____ is a metal or fiber pipe or tube used to enclose one or more electrical conductors.

conduit

The vertical distance between contour lines is known as ____.

contour interval

When architects or designers supervise the total construction, then they must work closely with the ____ to make certain the project is completed in a timely manner.

contractor

A ____ roof is a roof that features highly reflective materials.

cool

A(n) ____ is an ornamental molding or a combination of two or more moldings located at the top of an exterior wall just below a roof.

cornice

The ____ is a decorative trim that is placed in the corner where the wall meets the ceiling.

cornice

A ____ contract is one in which the contractor agrees to complete the work for the actual cost, plus a percentage for overhead and profit.

cost-plus

Effective natural ventilation can be achieved when a structure has openings in opposite walls that allow for ____ ventilation.

cross

The viewing plane is referred to as a(n) ____ plane.

cutting

The location on the floor plan where a cross section is taken is identified with symbols known as ____ lines.

cutting-plane

The ____ is where the conductor from the meter base is connected to individual circuit breakers, which are connected to separate circuits for distribution to various locations throughout the structure.

distribution panel

A(n) ____ is an opening framed in the roof to allow for window placement.

dormer

Elevations are typically drawn at the same scale as the ____ plan.

floor

Hinge lines are commonly called ____ lines.

fold

The ____ is the system placed on the ground and used to support the building.

foundation

A roof ____ plan shows the size and direction of the construction members that are required to frame the roof.

framing

The term ____ roof is generally used to describe a roof system consisting of some type of vegetation growing in soil, planted over a waterproof membrane.

green

In mechanical drafting dashed lines are called ____ lines.

hidden

A ____ is an outdoor water faucet to which a garden hose may be attached.

hose bibb

Electrical conduit is produced in decimal _____ dimensions and is identified in nominal sizes.

inch

A(n) ____ appraisal is required when a person or persons want to obtain financing to purchase or build a home or other building.

individual

A(n) ____ is an appliance used to convert independent DC power into standard household AC current.

inverter

A(n) ____ drawing is a pictorial drawing where length, width, and height are represented by lines 120° apart, with all measurements in the same scale.

isometric

The ____ will generally provide the exact dimensions for inexperienced drafters on a check print.

job captain

Text is ____ to control where the text occurs from the selected start point.

justified

Lines of ____ are imaginary parallel lines running east and west.

latitude

____ inspections ensure that materials and methods described in the plans and specifications are being used.

lender

Most offices use ____ notes with a leader line that connects the note to the material.

local

A ____ section is produced when the cutting plane is parallel to the long axis of the structure.

longitudinal

When a compass is used to establish north-south, the compass points to ____ north.

magnetic

The ____ is an ornamental shelf or structure that is built above a fireplace opening.

mantel

The HVAC system is also referred to as the ____ system of the building, providing heat, fresh or conditioned air, and ventilation.

mechanical

The term ____ pencil refers to a pencil that requires a piece of lead to be manually inserted.

mechanical

Wood millwork components are shaped using a ____ process.

milling

In addition to presentation drawings, many architectural offices use ____ of a building or project for public displays to gain support for large projects.

models

The term ____ cabinets refers to prefabricated cabinets because they are constructed in specific sizes called modules.

modular

The method used to draw elevations is ____ projection.

multiview

When you use ____ projection, features of objects that are parallel to projection planes appear true size and shape, but features that are not parallel to projection planes are foreshortened, and are not in true size and shape.

multiview

In architectural drafting the outline lines—or ____ lines, as they are commonly called—are a specific thickness so they stand out from other lines, as they form the outline of views.

object

A(n) ____ drawing has the object shown with one surface parallel to the viewing plane, and depth is represented by lines drawn, typically, at a 45° angle.

oblique

Site ____ is the placement of a structure on the property with certain environmental and physical factors taken into consideration.

orientation

An elevation is an ____ drawing that shows one side of a building.

orthographic

The term ____ refers to "smart" relationships between the parts of the stair such as the treads, risers, floor-to-floor height, landing, stringers, and stair width.

parametric

A ____ section is a section that does not go completely through the structure.

partial

A ____ is a map of part of a city or township showing some specific area, such as a subdivision made up of several individual lots.

plat

Drinking water, which is free from impurities is known as ____ water.

potable

Once a thorough understanding of the client's lifestyle, design criteria, and financial limits has been developed, the ____ studies can begin.

preliminary

A ____ is an exclusive or private sale that is made before construction begins.

presale

The term ____ refers to the direction from which the wind most frequently blows in a given area of the country.

prevailing winds

A ____ can be used when a drafting machine is not used or when combining triangles does not provide enough flexibility for drawing angles.

protractor

A ____ plan is used to show the shape of the roof.

roof

The ____ establishes the relationship between the drawing scale and the desired text height.

scale factor

The drafting instruments used for making measurements, establishing dimensions, and drawing features at reduced size are called ____.

scales

Light ____ is an effect created when the light fixture is placed close to the wall resulting in a concentrated arc-shaped light pattern on the wall.

scallop

A ____ system consists of a storage tank and an absorption field.

septic

The ____ is a vertical soil pipe carrying the discharge from the toilet fixture.

soil stack

Generally, a site located on a(n) ____ slope has the best characteristics for solar orientation.

south

A perfect solar site allows the structure to have unobstructed ____ exposure.

southern

____ are plastic sheets with standard symbols cut through them for tracing.

templates

The ____ is the characteristic of the land on which the proposed structure shall be placed.

terrain

A ____ fitting is a standard or custom duct component that connects one duct size to a different duct size, or one duct shape to a different duct shape, or both different shape and size.

transition

On small-scale sections, the use of dimensions depends on ____.

the area being represented

A ____ system is a longitudinal channel, longitudinal flange, or sidewalls that create a hollow center in which a thermal barrier is integrally formed.

thermal break

Most architectural dimensions are terminated with ____ marks.

tick

The great land surveys are broken down into smaller surveys known as ____.

townships and sections

A ____ drafting machine has a traversing arm that moves left and right across the table, and a head unit that moves up and down the traversing arm.

track

A ____ is an instrument used for making circles.

trammel

A ____ causes ventilation from the sheltered side of the house, which forces air to suck through the house, rather than wind pressure from the windward side of the structure.

vacuum

When hips are placed over an L- or T-shaped structure, an interior intersection called a(n) ____ is formed.

valley

The standard lettering that has been used for generations by drafters is called ____ letters.

vertical single stroke

A ____ is any wall finish where the material on the bottom portion of the wall is different from the upper portion.

wainscot

A ____ closet is a toilet or a room equipped with a toilet.

water

The prevailing winds in the United States are from ____.

west to east