AET FINAL

CES, AES, NAB, NAMM are:

Industry trade shows

Les Paul's "sound on sound" recording technique was revolutionary because ___________

It was the first time overdubbing multiple instruments and vocals was possible

Attack + Decay + Sustain + Release (ADSR) = ?

envelope

attack + decay + sustain + release (ADSR) =

envelope

The sensitivity of our hearing in relation to frequency is illustrated in the

equal loudness principle

The lowest frequency found in a complex tone, like a note played on a piano, is called the ____________

fundamental

Two of the principal devices for helping overcome hearing issues include ______ for moderate impairment, and provide acoustical amplification of sound and ______ and the auditory nerve

hearing aids, cochlear implants

'Acoustical treatment' is applied to surfaces of a room to________

help absorb or diffuse sound to improve the acoustical quality

Signal flow is the 'path' through a system, and is represented by a block diagram that has basic detail, such as __________

inputs & outputs

Which of the following are methods for routing an audio, signal to external (signal) processors?

insert, send / return

A typical audio circuit (as discussed in class) will process, shape, and optimize audio signals, and

is specific for the application

The relationship between frequency, wavelength, and (velocity) speed of sound is ___________

lambda = V / f

The relationship between frequency, wavelength, and (velocity)speed of sound is ____

lambda = V / f

How we perceive amplitude is called ________

loudness

The 'hiding' of one sound by another is called _____

masking

In general, the most rugged and durable microphones are _________

moving coil

Loudspeaker elements are either moving-coil, ribbon, or electrostatic (capacitance), however the most common type is

moving coil

Masking, hearing beats, and combination tones are a result of _________

nonlinearities of the ear

A 'subwoofer' can be placed almost anywhere in a room because low frequencies are

omni-directional

EQ' is the most common form of signal processing, and is used to

overcome deficiencies in room acoustics, microphone choice, and placement, affect a better blend between competing instruments, alter a sound for creative reasons

What changes in the music recording process made the audio console necessary?

overdubbing, using multiple mic's, adding effects like reverb and delay

"Spatial positioning' (creation of a 'stereo mix) is managed by a specific console control called a(n)________

panpot

You are a recording engineer in a studio. The producer makes a comment about the recording session you are working on. Based on the producer's comment, choose the processor that would best ennance/correct the situation "I would like that guitar to seem like its only coming from the left side of the mix"

panpot

The ear and the brain combine to determine information about the sound characteristics in an enclosed room (the acoustic "life-cycle" of a sound wave in a room). called the _______

perception of space

The time relationship between sound waves is called ______

phase

The 'perceptual cue' that we roy on to know the relative 'height' of a sound source is __________

pinna effect

Which of these is NOT one of the 'perceptual cues' that we relv on to know the 'direction of a sound source'?

pinna effect

How we perceive frequency is called

pitch

The _________ of a loudspeaker is an indication of how it focuses sound at the monitoring position

polar response

The _____ or ______ effect aids in determining location of a sound source, with the brain perceiving direction from the (first arriving) direct sound, not from the (later arriving) reflections

precedence, Haas

An increase in low frequency response when the source is close to a directional microphone is called __________

proximity effect

The sensitivity of our hearing in relation to frequency is illustrated in the _____

proximity effect

________ deals with the human perception of sound, and our subjective responses to sound waves

psychoacoustics

Which of the following is a feature typical of 'near-field monitoring?

reduces the audibility of control room acoustics

When sound waves propagate throughout a room, the will be when the contact harder/more dense surfaces, and _____ when they contact softer/less dense surfaces

reflected / absorbed

An anechoic chamber is a room designed to stop ___________

reflections

You are a recording engineer in a studio. The producer makes a comment about the recording session you are working on. Based on the producer's comment, choose the processor that would best enhance/correct the situation. "Uhh, the snare sounds like it's in a closet, I want it to sound like it's in a big church."

reverb

The amount of time for a sound to 'die away' by 60 db in an acoustical space is called _________

reverb time

A device that artificially reproduces the sound characteristics of different acoustic environments' is called a _______

reverb unit

We determine direction of a sound through a process called _______

spatial (binaural) localization

We determine the direction of a sound through a process called

spatial localization

In general, spectrum processors alter the_____

spectral balance or timbre of a signal

Premature hearing loss due to sound exposure can be avoided by

taking frequent 'quiet breaks', minimizing hazardous sound environments ('turning it down'), wearing ear protection, all of the above

When receiving direct sounds and early reflections < 30 ms apart, a listener will still perceive them as one sound, and NOT as separate sounds (echoes). This is called _____________

temporal fusion

We cannot hear our friends very well after a 3-hour Ozzy Ozbourne concert because of ___________

temporary threshold shift

The organ where sound becomes 'electricity' in the human head is called __________

the cochlea

The organ where sound' becomes electricity' in the human head is called _________

the cochlea

In general, time processors alter the

the perceived room or spatial characteristics of a signal

Analog tape machines must run at ____________ speed during recording and playback to maintain pitch, rhythm, and duration of program

the same constant

The higher the frequency, ______________

the shorter the wavelength

the "texture", "color", or "quality" of a sound is called its ______

timbre

_________ is a danger signal that the ears may have suffered PTS or permanent threshold shift, identified by a ringing, whistling, or buzzing in the ears even though no loud sounds are present

tinnitus

Acoustical isolation is necessary to keep outside 'noise' from interfering with audio production and vice versa. The best way to accomplish acoustical isolation is to __________

use specialized construction methods

'Sound' begins as a_____, travels through an elastic _________ and loses _________ over time

vibration / medium / energy

Sound begins as a ______ travels through an elastic _____ and loses ____ over time

vibration / medium / energy

The graphic representation of a sound wave's compression and rarefaction patterns, usuallv shown as amplitude and time, is called a/an _________

waveform

The most effective way to reduce the 'popping' effect by vocalists on-mic without changing the 'sound' ('timbre' or 'tonality') is _________

windscreen / 'pop' filter

Audio related jobs requiring a study of computer science may include

DAW Plugins, Web Audio, Mobile Apps, All of the above

You are a recording engineer in a studio. The producer makes a comment about the recording session you are working on. Based on the producer's comment, choose the processor that would best enhance/correct the situation. "The bass sounds a little muddy"

EQ

The 'threshold of hearing' is defines as

0 db SPL

The speed of sound (velocity) in air under normal conditions is approximately ____

1130 fps

The bandwidth of human hearing 10 octaves, ranging from approximately ________

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

The bandwidth of human hearing spans 10 octaves, ranging from approximately _________

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

Generally, human hearing is most sensitive to the band of frequencies between ___________

2000 Hz - 3000 Hz

One octave above 125 Hz is

250 Hz

At equal amplitudes, which frequency would probably sound the loudest to us?

3000 Hz

According to the Nyquist theorem to capture a sound with a frequency range of 20Hz to 20kHz, of the choices below, the best sample rate would be

44.1 Khz

The frequency one octave below 1250 Hz is ______

625 Hz

The maximum allowable hours of noise exposure as per NIOSH guidelines for a SPL of 85 db is _________

8

The _______ takes an input signal and amplifies, balances, processes, combines, and routes it via outputs to a recorder or another device

audio console

A switch built into some microphones to reduce the proximity effect is called a(n) _______

bass roll-off

A "sound wave" is made up of a series of ... INCREASED or DECREASED air pressure?

both of these

What is the microphone pick-up pattern called in this diagram (below)?

cardiod

Which stereo microphone technique is represented in this picture (below)?

coincident pair ("X-Y")

You are a recording engineer in a studio. The producer makes a comment about the recording session you are working on. Based on the producer's comment, choose the processor that would best enhance/correct the situation "That vocal sounds great in the mix, but there are a few spots where she is too loud."

compressor

Which of the following mic transducer ('element) types does NOT rely on a 'magnet' (i.e. magnetic induction) to work!

condenser

Which tyoe of microphone must have a power supply ("phantom power") or a battery to operate:

condenser

When sound waves mostly coincide in their cycles, this interference is said to be

constructive

"Acoustical treatment" is applied to surfaces of a room to _____

control sound reflections, absorb sound, and diffuse sound

The "_______ network" divides the (audio) frequency spectrum into low & high frequency ranges before being sent to separate speaker elements

crossover

______ is the time interval between a sound or signal and its repetition, and can be used to create common effects known as doubling, chorus, and slap back echo.

delay

Sound can pass through or around physical barriers. This is called

diffraction

With regard to "perception of space", which of the following tells us the "location, size, and timbre of the source"?

direct sound

What is the lifecycle of a sound (as displayed by a cartoon room with lines?)

direct sound, early reflections, reverberant sound

A microphone polar pattern Is a graph of the mic's sensitivity with respect to _______

direction & frequency

In general, amplitude processors alter the ___________

dynamic range and volume characteristics of a signal

The part of the ear that converts sound to mechanical vibrations is called

ear drum

What step in setting up a live system includes setting up the system (speakers, equipment, etc.?

Load in

What step in setting up a live system includes system tuning/delaying speakers?

Load in

What step in setting up a live system includes striking all the equipment and placing it back on the truck?

Load out

Which of the following statements is true? Parallel walls are desired for acoustics The only way for sound isolation is adding thicker walls None of the above The best room for acoustics is a cube

None of the above

The reduced hearing sensitivity that occurs after a loud concert, but is temporary is known as

TTS

What kind of graph depicts a higher frequency sine wave?

The one where the waves are closer together

The equal loudness contour/curve shows us that human hearing is poor in the extreme low frequency area

True

Today the most interchangeable file format used for storage and archiving is

WAV

When sound waves propagate throughout a room, they will be _____ when they contact softer/less dense surfaces and _____ when they contact harder/more dense surfaces

absorbed, reflected

Audio-related jobs requiring a study of Physics may include:

acoustical venue design, loudspeaker design, microphone design

The microphone and loudspeaker are very similar in that they both are transducers, and convert between ________

acoustical, electrical

'Close' miking techniques are generally used to _______________

add presence & aid sound isolation

A(n) _______ can be used to control a signal that varies in level, and keep is from distorting the recording

amplitude processor