Aging, Place, and Health Check-up Quizzes
Barker proposed that fetal under-nutrition, resulting in intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight, might be causally implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, though that outcome emerged only decades later in the life course.
True
True or False? Functional capacity is most often evaluated using sets of tests, observations, or self-reports that describe the participant's ability to function in a variety of circumstances.
True
True or False? The idea of compression of morbidity in public health, put forth by Professor James Fries, suggested that the burden of lifetime illness may be compressed into a shorter period before the time of death if the age at the onset of the first chronic infirmity can be postponed more rapidly than the age of death.
True
_____, or action research, is a strong strategy that should be utilized when planning for initial program delivery and long-term sustainability.
community-based participatory research (CBPR)
The Gini coefficient coefficient's value ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 reflects _____ and 1 indicates _____.
complete equality; complete inequality
More sophisticated _____ are needed that will better capture patterns of health, functioning, and life expectancy over the life course.
conceptual models
The cohort for developmental epidemiology is:
defined by exposure or health status
_____ is associated with many negative health outcomes, including obesity, low bone mass, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease.
depression
Study findings consistently report that males and females born during wartime experience:
elevated mortality as adults
As much as 20% of variation in adult height is estimated to be due to _____, with childhood disease and malnourishment representing the probable mechanisms of action due to their effects on childhood growth velocity.
environmental factors
Contextual factors such as social attitudes, architectural characteristics, legal and social structures are:
environmental factors
There is general agreement that _____ provides a useful context (really, a grand vision) for a consideration of demographic patterns of global aging.
epidemiological transition theory (ETT)
Causes of death refer to:
factors that are the immediate contributors to death
Historical cohort data from the Finnish crop failure famine of 1866‒1868, the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944‒1945, the Siege of Leningrad in 1944, seasonal famines in the Gambia between 1949 and 1994, and the Chinese Great Leap Forward famine of 1959‒1961 supports an association between nutritional stress in early life and later-life mortality.
false
The unit of observation for developmental demography is the individual.
false
True or False? Diet and nutrition, which have direct effects on brain development and physical growth in childhood, lose their significance during midlife.
false
True or False? The IQs of children are not impacted by the socioeconomic status of the families into which they are born.
false
True or False? While measures of functional capacity can determine health disparities, it does not predict mortality
false
The _____ is the idea that health effects can remain latent for many years and reflect some type of biological programming.
fetal origins hypothesis
Which of the following evidence-based programs has the goal of managing lower-extremity osteoarthritis?
fit & strong
The cohort for developmental demography is:
geographically or temporally defined
The term _____ is most often used to refer to health differences stemming from societal inequality, which potentially may be ameliorated with societal measures.
health disparity
At the macro level, all evidence-based programs have two components: the _____ and the delivery mechanism.
therapeutic element
_____ of interventions is necessary to disseminate the known benefits of evidence-based interventions to new populations and new settings.
translation
Which of the following refers to the degree that an intervention is delivered in the way it was originally intended?
treatment fidelity
Developmental demography research often focuses on conception or birth cohorts exposed to exogenous and virulent population stressors such as famine, war, or disease epidemics.
true
In contrast to earlier times when researchers had little access to dependable life-table data describing societies over many decades, almost any researcher with Internet connection can now acquire precisely such data.
true
True or False? A life course epidemiologic perspective provides a useful framework for understanding the confluence of life experiences that shape cognitive outcomes in late life.
true
True or False? Mortality describes how many deaths happen in a population during a given time.
true
The term _____ refers to a wide range of mental processes that are critical for independent functioning, including memory, attention, problem solving, and processing speed.
cognition
Geriatric syndromes that have been considered to result from polypharmacy include cognitive impairment and:
cognitive impairment (which includes delirium and dementia), falls and their consequences, urinary incontinence, and malnourishment
A study conducted in a large population-based cohort, showed that patients with multimorbidity (MM) more often had experienced _____, in comparison to those having a single disease or no disease at all.
adverse childhood experiences
According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), _____ are specific tasks or actions performed—for example, rising from a chair or walking upstairs.
body functions - wrong
_____ provides a useful framework for understanding the confluence of life experiences that shape cognitive outcomes in late life.
A life course epidemiologic perspective
True or False? People with multimorbidity (MM) always experience disability, frailty, complexity, or serious illness.
F
True or False? Performance-based measures of mobility have the advantages of broad coverage of mobility content, a high degree of ecologic validity, ease of use, and coverage of both activity and participation outcome domains.
F
True or False? Self-reported measures are clearly the superior approach to the measurement of mobility for older adults.
F
True or False? The goal of the Active Living Every Day program is to reduce falls risk and fear of falling; to improve falls efficacy and management; and to promote physical activity.
F
True or False? To test hypotheses related to multisystem decline with aging, we will need multisystem data collected prospectively over the lifespan. Fortunately, collecting such data in humans is now an easy endeavor.
F
True or False? Unlike other organs, the brain does not undergo changes with increasing age.
F
True or False? While global warming has negative influences on populations in general, it has no specific influence on aging populations.
F
True or False? With technological advances, the problem of interventions for older adults being delivered in silos has all but disappeared.
F
True or False? Patient complexity has been recently defined as "a condition that carries a high risk of mortality, negatively impacts quality of life and daily function, and/or is burdensome in symptoms, treatments, or caregiver stress."
F; serious illness
True or False? The term premature mortality is most often used to refer to health differences stemming from societal inequality, which potentially may be ameliorated with societal measures.
False
_____ is moving by changing body position or location or by transferring from one place or another; by carrying, moving, or manipulating objects; by walking, running or climbing; and by using various forms of transportation.
Mobility
Biologist(s) _____ invoked "biological Freudianism" to argue that adverse exposures in childhood can produce lasting neurobiological risks that persist even when such exposures are later abated or removed.
Rene Dubos
True or False? A major concern in intervention science research is not whether we know what works, but rather whether we, as a society, can implement what is known to work.
T
True or False? Beyond prevalence or incidence, aging is associated with both a larger number of chronic conditions and a larger number of morbidity domains.
T
True or False? Greater efforts need to be devoted to pooling international population-based data to make those data available to interested researchers.
T
True or False? In the United States, there has been a movement to promote, deliver, and embed evidence-based programs in communities.
T
True or False? Instrumented measures of mobility such as pedometers, accelerometers, gyroscopes, and global positioning systems (GPS) have the unique advantage of objectively measuring mobility in real time in the natural environment.
T
True or False? Multimorbidity (MM) burden refers to "the overall impact of the different diseases in an individual taking into account their severity."
T
True or False? Personal factors are internal factors such as age, gender, education, coping style.
T
True or False? Sociodemographics and socioeconomic factors have been extensively studied as potential risk factors for multimorbidity (MM).
T
True or False? The goal of the Program to Encourage Active, Rewarding Lives for Seniors (PEARLS) is to reduce symptoms of depression and improve health-related quality of life.
T
True or False? There are many biomarkers, effect modifications, interactions, additive effects, and selection biases that remained undiscovered.
T
True or False? To speed the design and development of effective frailty surveillance and intervention strategies, and to translate those strategies into the routine clinical management of frail older adults, researchers need to refine and standardize measurements of frailty.
T
True or False? Using a multifactorial approach to the measurement of mobility guided by a clear conceptual framework will allow consideration of the full range of important factors determining the trajectory of mobility as people age.
T
_____ measures of mobility provide direct measurement of behavior in free-living conditions and have a high degree of ecologic validity.
instrumented
A(n) _____ is a belief that one has control over one's own health.
internal locus of control
If we are to truly understand global patterns of aging, it will be necessary to conduct more:
international studies
The _____ is a measure of how often a particular event (i.e., death) happens in one group compared to how often it happens in another group, over time.
mortality rate WRONG
Research to date indicates that older adults are _____ to the ill effects of heat waves, floods, and major storms.
most vulnerable
Mental health disorders may increase the risk of _____ through various mechanisms, including higher exposition to health risk factors, lower level of motivation and self-management in the case of existing risk factors, cardiometabolic adverse effects of the drugs prescribed for mental health disorders, and poorer access to and lower quality of care.
multimorbidity (MM)
_____ encompasses MM burden as well as non-health-related factors, such as socioeconomic, cultural, environmental, and patient behavior characteristics that interact with "to make clinical management more or less challenging, time-consuming, and resource intensive.
patient complexity
Self-report measures of mobility measure:
performance (what was done) more than capacity (what could be done).
A large body of research demonstrates _____ physical exercise across the lifespan on cognitive outcomes in late life.
positive effects of
True or False? Educational attainment is one of the most thoroughly investigated early-life predictors of late-life cognition.
t
_____ can be thought of as innovative systems through which to better conduct aging research.
technology
The nucleoprotein caps found flanking DNA at the ends of chromosomes are:
telomeres
