AICP

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Create broad, tree lined aves, bring light, air, nature to the slum.

City Beautiful (1900-1920s)

1 Square mile

640 acres

Hoover Dam is located on the border of which states?

Arizona & Nevada

the fact researcher is interested in explaining

Dependant Variable

Mean

Average

What does ERG stand for?

Existence, Relatedness, Growth

The Urban General Plan

T.J. Kent, 1964

first subway

boston 1897

1 acre 43 560 square feet

43 560 square feet

Growth Management goal 2

Accommodate Development needs

Who can file a charge of misconduct against a Certified Planner?

Any person, whether or not an AICP member

Districts usually to provide a single service such as schools, water, sewerage treatment, toll roads, or parks. Maybe financed through revenue bonds retired by user charges. Some have taxation powers.

Authorities and Special Disticts

Mean

Average of a distribution.

The "Great Society" was a program that originated during the _____ administration? a) Kennedy b) Johnson c) Nixon] d) Bush

"The Baltimore Plan" refers to? a) Baltimore's 1895 master plan. b) Balitmore's 1985 master plan. c) The cleaning up of various cities in the 1950s. d) Construction of affordable housing in the northeast.

First state to institute extraterritorial mandatory referral of subdivision plats

California - 1915

Citizen Advisory Committee

Citizens groups presumed to represent the ideas and attitudes of local residents. Purpose to advise planning agency.

Neighborhood Unit

Clarence Perry - 1929

Rival explanations for behavior of dependent variable.

Confounding Variable

Used making a decision on whether or not to spend money to build a new senior center or hire more police.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

CPM stands for:

Critical Path Method

Current Revenue

Current funds for capital improvements

Which of the following planning pioneers were concerned about housing? a) Catherine Bauer Wurster b) Jacob August Riis c) George Pullman d) All of the aboe.

Household Income

Defined in terms of the amount of income they earn relative to 100% of the Area Median Income

Who wrote "Design with Nature"?

Ian McHarg

Design with Nature

Ian McHarg - 1969

defines basic elements of a city's "imageability" (paths, edges, nodes, etc.)

Image of the City, Kevin Lynch, 1960

e-Government

Includes internet, telephone, fax, PDA, SMS text messaging, MMS, and 3G, GPRS, WiFi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, etc..

Use change one aspect of plan- known as "science of muddling through", short-term problems with little time and little money.

Incremental Planning

How is the official unemployment rate calculated?

Individuals unemployed divided by individuals 16 years of age and older in the labor force

first federal transportation law to mandate planning

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) - 1991

Program rather than other factor caused results.

Internal Validity

The effective taking or reduction in value of a property as a result of public action, in contrast to a direct taking through eminent domain.

Inverse Condemnation

Who wrote "A Theory of Good City Form"?

Kevin Lynch

Which city was the fastest growing in the 1990s?

Las Vegas

Relatively free flow of traffic with little or no limitation on movement.

Level of Service A

Reasonable steady, high volume flow of traffic with some limitations on movement and speed, and occasional backups.

Level of Service C

Who wrote "The Culture of Cities"?

Lewis Mumford

Where was first urban growth barrier instituted?

Lexington and Fayette County, Kentucky

Slope of 3 - 5%

Major problems for commercial/industrial/large scale residential

First zoning ordinance for a major American city to introduce "flexible" controls (such as FAR),

NYC, 1961

Staff Functions

Provide Services to other governmental entities

Dezoning

Reducing the intensity of zoning on a site.

Revenue Bonds

Sell bonds at high interest rates for capital improvements

A DELPHI study can best study what type of problem

Simplistic, not mult-faceted

First State Enabling Act passes

Wisconsin, 1909

What is a WBS

Work Breakdown Stucture. It is a form of a Gantt chart, by which multi tasks are broken down and identifies

Disadvantages of Line Item Budgeting

lack of flexibility, lack between budget request and objectives of the organization

Capital Improvement Progamming

one way to implement comprehensive plan

McMillan Plan

plan for Washington DC - City Beautiful -1901

Smart growth

romotes a variety of housing choices to allow people of all income and household types to have a place to live.

first dept. store

salt lake city 1868

Taxes

Generate revenues to finance govt goods & services, redistribute income, reduce income and spending when overall demand is excessive.

Broad statements of ideal future conditions that are desired by the communtiy and contained in the comprehensive plan.

Goals

Method of assessing project alternatives by wseighting alternatives according to citizen group goals.

Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM)

The amount of goods and serviced produced in the United States during a year

Gross Domestic Product

Dynamic Method

Applies statistical analysis to time-series data from a jurisdiction. Type of Fiscal Impact Analysis

How much solid waste does the typical household create?

Approximately 4.5 lbs. per person, per day.

A LOS of "C" at a signalized intersection means? a) Uncongested operations. b) Significant congestion. c) Light congestion, occassional backups on critical approaches with an average delay of 15-20 seconds.

A Plat Map provides an accurate picture of ____ in a city? a) Improvements on the land. b) GIS layers. c) Development patterns/ d) Land entitlements.

An intensive, interactive problem solving process with meetings convened around the development of specific topics is described as? a) Alinsky's Organizations b) Advocacy Planning c) A Charrette d) Citizen Referendum

CEA

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

A number calculated on population data that qualifies a characteristic of the population is a? a) Dependent variable b) Variable c) Statistic d) Parameter

Of the following growth management techniques, which would likely be overturned in court if employed for an extended period of time (e.g., 4 years)? a) Building permit caps b) Subdivision phasing c) Large lot zoning d) Building permit moratorium

The Indian Reorganization Act provided for? a) The re-settlement of Native American onto federal property. b) Native Americans residing on reservations to organize for their common welfare. c) Native Americans residing on reservations to adopt an appropriate constitution. d) Both B and C

The future right-of-way line of any highway as shown on the Official Plan of Streets and Highways for highway use is the? a) Right-of-way. b) Dedication area. c) Noise contour area. d) Plan line.

Which of the following is true about Saul Alinsky? a) He was a criminologist who lived in Illinois. b) He was a community organizer in the Chicago slums. c) He founded the "Back of the Yards" acvocacy organization. d) All of the above.

What city passed the first land use zoning restriction on the location of obnxoxius uses? What year was it passed?

In 1867, San Francisco passed the first land use zoning restriction on the location of obnoxious uses.

Public Lands Commission

In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed the commission to propose rules for land development and management.

What city was the first to apply the City beautiful principles? What year was the plan finished and who wrote it?

In 1906, San Francisco was the first major American city to apply the City Beautiful principles, using a plan developed by Daniel Burnham.

When and where was the first town planning board created?

In 1907, the first town planning board was created in Hartford, Connecticut.

When was the APA created and what two organizations joined to form it?

In 1978, the American Planning Association was created through a merger of AIP and ASPO.

The most outstanding example of suburban development during the First period (1860-1870) of suburbanization took place where?

Riverside, Illinois

Performance Bonds

Required by City & County gov conver offsite public improvement obligations associated with commerecial & residential developments.

Survey

Research method that allows one to collect data on a topic that cannot be directly observed. Surveys are used extensively in planning to assess attitudes and characteristics of the public on a wide range of topics.

Rexford Tugwell

Resettlement Administration head.worked on greenbelt cities program,construction of new self-sufficient cities.closely involved in the development of Arthurdale,WV Resettlement Administration community.NY City Planning Commissioner governor of Puerto Rico

Composite method for estimating populations

Takes various age groups and determines the estimate for each, then aggregates them together

First U.S. federally built new towns in peacetime: the "greenbelt" towns.

1935 - 1937

New Towns Act

1946- UK led to the development of dozen communities based on Howard's ideas

The first Council of Government was created in what year?

1954

duplexes and townhouses

7 Vehicle Trips per Unit

Underground fuel storage tanks pose a _____ threat to groundwater use for drinking water? a) High b) Medium c) Low d) No Threat

What is a variance?

A departure from the zoning ordinance which permits uses or relaxation of standards if strict application of the Code would cause and undue hardship to the owner. Used to modify development regulations

Will the Ethics Officer provide a written charge of misconduct to the person who is accused with the misconduct (respondent)?

Yes

Daylighting

the practice of placing windows, or other transparent media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural light provides effective internal illumination.

Cost-Revenue Analysis

systematic comparison of two money flows.

Scale of 1:24,000

that 1 inch represents 2,000 feet.

What is upzoning?

A rezone to allow a higher density development. Tool to modify development regulations.

Sample

A subset of the population.

BART

Began in 1972 in San Francisco

Median

Half are higher, half are lower

Who wrote "The Zoning Game"?

Richard Babcock

a technique sometimes used for forecasting land use, most often for forecasting changes in a set of urban areas or regions. (ie. employment and population are growing or declining)

shift-share analysis

What does FAR=1 mean?

A 1 story building covers 100% of the lot or a 2 story building covers 50% of the lot

Goal

A general statement that may not be realized, but is something towards which to strive.

Ratio of employment in basic industries to non-basic industries that utilizes economic multipliers. Varies with size of community. Larger community, larger multiplier.

Export Ratio

Regressive tax

Tax rate declines as income rises.

Progressive tax

Tax rate increases as income rises.

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)

created to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning. Federal Aid Highway Act required urban areas w/ populations in excess of 50,000 to develop comprehensive transportation plans.

Who designed Riverside IL? Why is it significant? What are its key elements?

*Frederick Law Olmsted Sr & Calvert Vaux in the English Garden Style. *One of the 1st suburban style developments with features replicated in modern suburbs. Iconic symbol of the owner - manager class. *Features included curvilinear streets, SF detached homes w/deep setbacks, extensive use of lawn & shade trees.

Who designed the Town of Pullman? Where is Pullman located?

*George Pullman *Illinois

What is form-based zoning?

*Regulates the size, form, appearance and placement of buildings and parking; NOT the land use and density *Supports mixed-use neighborhoods with a range of housing types

Who was Frederick Law Olmsted Sr? He designed? What is he known for?

*Riverside, IL and co-designed Central Park *Site planner for the Columbian Expo.

What is cumulative zoning?

*tiered, older approach to regulating land uses (zoning) *less intensive uses allowed in more intensive areas

Hypothesis

A statement expressing a relationship. Makes a prediction of what you are trying to prove.

Among the many projects during the early years of the New Deal Era was a major regional development program that became know as? a) The Tennessee Valley Authority b) The USHA Program c) The Greenbelt Towns d) The PWA Program

Joel Garreau was concerned about which of the following? a) Edge cities b) Leap frog development c) Package sewer plants d) Building moratoriums

Principle Centered Leadership is a management term espoused by? a) Stephen Covey b) W. Edwards Deming c) Lee Iacoca d) Bill Clinton

What is a density bonus?

An increase in FAR in exchange for amenities

The mode of the array 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8 is equal to? a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8

The planning director of a small community is asking the City Council to approve a staff initiated zoning ordinance amendment to provide specific criteria for architectural review of projects. Which of the following would she likely emphasize in her staff report? I. In the absence of a staff member with a degree in architecture, specific criteria is necessary for adequate review. II. Having specific criteria for architectural review in the zoning ordinance will provide the legal foundation for condition and enforcement. III. Specific review criteria will assure a better built environment. IV. Specific criteria would help developers design projects acceptable to the jurisdiction. a) I only b) II only c) I, II, and III d) All of the above

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a design feature developed by whom? a) Clarence Perry b) Peter Calthorpe c) Daniel Burnham d) Richard Babcock

Of the following growth management techniques, which would likely be used to protect water supplies while land within the watershed is being acquired for watershed protection? a) Building permit caps b) Subdivision phasing c) Large lot zoning d) Building permit moratorium

The Vieux Carre (French Quarter) historic core of New Orleans was? a) Completely destroyed in 1957 b) Designated as a protected district in 1932. c) Th first area in the US to receive landmark preservation status. d) B and C

The World's Columbian Exposition (1893) was the showcase for Daniel Burnham's? a) Horseless carriage b) White House c) Circus d) White City

The World's Columbian Exposition (1893) was the showcase for Daniel Burnham's? a) Horseless carriage b) White house c) Circus d) White city

What are the principle advantages of the NAICS codes over the SIC codes they replaced? a) Relevancy - NAICS is more relevant to today's economy. It identified over 350 new industries and nine new service industy sectors. b) Consistency - NAICS uses a consistent classification principle. Businesses that use similar production processes are grouped together. c) Comparability - NAICS is used by the US, Canada, and Mexico to produce comparable data. d) All of the above.

Which of the following are reasons for Post WWII suburbanization? I Availability of federal and state highway construction II FHA and VA housing programs. III Dispersal of mfg plants from the core of cities. IV Widespread car ownership and subsidized development over the road trucking fleets. a) I and II b) II and III c) II, III, and IV d) All of the above.

Which of the following demonstrates that useful function of a computerized traffic model? a) Test the impact on traffice of different land use scenarios. b) Analyze the effectiveness of various physical improvements. c) Determine the impact of future zoning amendments. d) All of the above.

Which of the following demonstrates the useful function of a computerized traffic model? a) Test the impact on traffic of different land use scenarios. b) Analyze the effectiveness of various physical improvements. c) Determine the impact of future zoning amendments. d) All of the above.

Which of the following represents typical reasons why a jurisdiction would adopt specific development and design standards for multiple family projects in the zoning ordinance? I. To make them legally binding and defensible. II. Because typically the development standards in a zoning ordinance do not address multiple family projects. III. To help curb NIMBY reaction to apartment projects. IV. To provide adequate neighborhood fit. a) I and II b) I and III c) III and IV d) All of the above.

Which of the following was an important goal of the Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) program? a) To purchase concrete blocks for freeway construction. b) To provide homes for the homeless c) To create redevelopment agencies d) To reduce the federal role in local government affairs.

The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook

Created by the APA to encourage states to revise their standard state zoning enabling acts?

President Clinton did which of the following in 2000?

Created eight new national monuments.

Ratio data

Data has an ordered relationship and equal intervals. Distance is an example--2 miles is twice as long as 1 mile. Any form of central tendency can be used for this type of data.

Ladder of Citizen Participation: Sherry R. Arnstein

Defines citizen participation in terms of amount of control citizens have over policy decision. without distribution of power citizen participation is "empty ritual".

Non-IRA tribes

Did not organize under the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act.

Replat

Divide the lot into two or more parcels.

"Father of Zoning."

Edward Bassett

First rapid transit system built for fast center-to-center service begins service

(BART—- Bay Area Rapid Transit). San Francisco Bay Area - 1972

Jane Jacobs What did she write? What did her book do?

*The Death & Life of Great American Cities" *Forced readers to rethink urban renewal and other contemporary tools of city building. Influenced 2 generations of planners.

1 Kilometer

1,000 meters= 3,281 feet

When was the first census conducted? Who did it?

1790 - 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson

First "model tenement" built in Manhattan.

1855

First U.S. federal government recognition of the problems of slums and cities (a survey).

1892

First official, local, and permanent planning board (at Hartford, Connecticut).

1907

What year did the Panama Canal open?

1914

Nation's first comprehensive zoning resolution adopted by New York City Board of Estimates

1916 - nyc

The Standard Zoning Enabling Act was established in?

1922

BART

1972, San Francisco

Freedom of speech applies to adult uses and signs. Freedom of religion applies to religious facilities. Freedom of association applies to group homes. What amendment?

1st amendment

mobile homes

5.5 Vehicle Trips per Unit

A senior planner is responsible for presenting a staff report before the planning commission. Which of the following would be the MOST IMPORTANT thing to accomplish in her oral presentation? a) Discuss options and staff recommendations. b) Present no more than 5 points. c) Loosen up the panel with humor. d) Address the needs of special interest groups first.

Fred French Co. v. City of new York introduced for the first time the concept of? a) Plnned unit development b) Transfer of development rights c) Eminent domain d) Open space zoning

The difference between the use of police power and eminent domain in environmental and land use regulation is that? a) Eminent domain requires compensation. b) Police power requires compensation. c) Eminent domain is a power of the federal government only. d) Police power cannot be exercised by local government.

Which of the following constitutes a conflict of interest under the AICP Code of Ethics? I. A city employee working for a home-builder seeking Board approval of a project in the staff person's jurisdiction. II. Making unwelcome sexual advances to a co-worker. III. Using knowledge of land use planning activities to buy vacant property in an area to be planned for high density use. IV. Running for City Council. a) I and III b) II and III c) I, II, and III d) I, II, and IV

Which of the following is a concept of the "New York Zoning Resolution"? a) Uses allowed in zoning districts were "cumulative" b) The city's water supply would be protected. c) Persons aggrieved by the Resolution were granted rights of appeal. d) Building codes would be strictly enforced.

Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)

A method for protecting land by transferring the "rights to develop" from one area and giving them to another.

Housing developed through some combination of zoning incentives, cost-effective construction techniques, and governmental subsidies that can be rented or purchased by low income households.

Affordable Housing

Rooted in agriculture most humanly valuable. T. Jefferson & Hector St John de Crevecoeur

Agrarian (1800s)

Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

Allowed Native Americans to adopt a constitution and organize for their common welfare

Empowerment Zone

An economically depresed area designated for governmental subsidies and tax incentives.

A pattern of population change that exhibits a constant rate of change is the? a) Rate of population change. b) Geometric growth rate. c) Arithmetic growth rate. d) Linear progression rate.

An ordinance requiring the set-aside of land or dollars to construct affordable housing within a subdivision is referred to as? a) Fees in lieu b) Inclusionary c) Excludionary d) Incentive

MSA stands for? a) Metropolitan study area b) Metropolitan statistical area c) Management systems analysis

One way cities and counties are avoiding the expense of closing landfills is to? a) Stop public solid waste service and privatize. b) Exhume old refuse, install a liner, separate the soil, and re-pack the garbage. c) Initiate a recycling program. d) Impose fines on companies that exceed set refuse limits.

Which of the following is the MOST IMPORTANT element in a customer service program? a) An emphasis on people. b) Staff expertise and training. c) Identification of customers. d) An objective for continuous improvement.

A map showing the essential natural or man-determined features of an area such aslot lines. Used as the starting point for many planning activities.

Base Map

The requirement that developers set aside open space within a subdivision is often referred to as? a) Hammerlock ordinance. b) Taking c) Dedication requirement. d) Rational nexus test.

When numbers or values are arranges according to size, the value of the middle term is called the? a) Arithemetic average. b) Mode c) Median d) Mean

Which of the following age groups would represent "first time homebuyers"? a) 22-29 b) 22-40 c) 25-44 d) 25-54

Zoning Text Amendment

Changes the rules regarding the use and development of every property in a specified zoning district

Compares what a community gains from a project to what must be sacrificed to obtain it.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

An appeal by an aggrieved party to a Zoning Board of Appeals decision would most likely be filed with the? a) Board of Supervisors. b) City Council. c) Planning Commission. d) State Superior Court.

An appeal by an aggrieved party to a Zoning Board of Appeals decision would most likely be filed with? a) Board of Supervisors b) City Council c) Planning Commission d) State Superior Court

Transfer of development right (TDR) is an effective technique to protect? a) Zones of contribution to the public. b) Well fields. c) Wetland buffer zones. d) Surface watersheds.

Which map would be prepared by the Army Corps of Engineers? a) USGS topographic. b) USGS ortho-photo. c) Soil Conservation soil survey. d) Project flood maps.

Which of the following was NOT a major port for immigrants in early US history? a) New York City b) Philadelphia c) Chicago d) Miami

Who lead the Garden City Movement?

Ebenezer Howard

When experimenter can intentionally create variation in independent variable (ie. amount of funding)

Manipulation

Midpoint or midscore in distribution 50% of observations fall above, 50% below. Can be calculated for ordinal, interval or ratio data.

Median

Clear method used to achieve an undefined/unknown means e.g. zoning reviews, public hearings, bldg code appeals, GIS, subdivision reviews.

Methodism

Most frequent score in distribution. Can have more hatn one mode - b i-modal.

Mode

As salaried employee, can a certified planner undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay?

Only with full written disclosure to the primary employer and having received subsequent written permission unless our employer has a written policy, which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent.

Assignment of or symbols identifying ordered relationships of some characteristic but having unspecified intervals.

Ordinal

Mode

The most frequent number in a distribution

Impact fees & tax increment financing

Used to pay for capital projects

Vieux Carre Commission

Was the first Historic Preservation Commission for the French Quarter in New Orleans, formed in the 1930's.

Special Assessments

allow a particular group of people to be assesssed the cost of a public improvement.

Interval data

data that has an ordered relationship with a magnitude, such as temperature. 10 degrees is not twice as cold as 20 degrees.

Park Forest IL

following WWI - New town

Convenience sampling-those accessible- volunteer sampling - volunteers-OK for descriptive results, may be bias, not representative of population

non-probability sampling

Concurrency is attributable to which state?

Florida

What was the General Land Law Revision Act? Year?

Gave the US President power to create forest preserves by proclamation in 1891

Median household Income

$46,326 annually

The MEAN of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16 is equal to which of the following? a) 10 b) 8 c) 9

Urban cluster

A contiguous, densely settled census block groups and blocks that meet minimum population density requirements, along with adjacent densely settled census blocks that together encompass a population of at least 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000 people.

Urbanized Area

What is the Oregon Land Use Act, 1973

A statewide comprehensive land use management program to protect farmland. state mandated, locally implemented through urban growth boundary designations and exclusive farm use zoning.

A set of all possible values of a variable is called the? a) Function b) Median c) Domain d) Yield

The senior planner for a small rural community is considering conducting a survey of town residents as to their opinions on the proposed expansion of the town landfill. He is planning on using a questionnaire mailed to all resident taxpayers. The degree of interviewer bias in this type of questionnaire is generally? a) High b) Medium c) Low

The soils above a water table are known as the? a) Confined layer b) Unconfined layer c) Zone of aeration d) Aquifer deposits

Who is linked to the "Neighborhood Unit" concept?

Clarence Arthur Perry

Low income households

Earn between 50-80% of Area Median Income.

Moderate income households

Earn between 80-120% of Area Median Income.

Very low income households

Earn no more than 50% of Area Median Income.

First state to institute statewide zoning

Hawaii - 1978

AIP - what does it stand for, when was it founded, and who was the first president?

In 1917, the American Institute of Planners (AIP) was founded, with Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. as the first president. The AIP was the forerunner of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)*.

When were the Standard state zoning enabling act and the Standard City Planning enabling act and the issued? Who issued it and when?

In 1924, Secretary Herbert Hoover, of the U.S. Department of Commerce, issued the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act.

A technique developed to monitor the real pattern of money flows.

Input-Output Modeling

AICP Code Section C

Our Code Procedures

New Urbanism

Peter Calthorpe

nominal and sometimes ordinal

Qualitative

Subset of the population.

Sample

What does TOD mean?

Transit Oriented Development

What book was adopted as a textbook for eigth graders in Chicago?

Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago by Walter Moody, published in 1912. This book was adopted as a textbook for eighth graders in Chicago.

What did Pierre Charles L'Enfant design?

Washington DC

Exaction

contribution or payment required as authorized precondition for receiving a development permit-mandatory dedication or fee-in-lieu of dedication reqmts.

Why is Radburn, NJ important?

*It represented the ideal of the American Planning movement. *Represented the influence of the English Garden City theories in America.

Who is Jacob Riis? What books did he author?

*Photo-journalist *City Slums, How the Other Half Lives, The Children of the Poor.

Used to facilitate meaningful discussions through a moderator - developed by Rand Corporation

Delphi Method

First federal-aid highway act.

Federal - 1916

Who designed Central Park?

Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. & Calvert Vaux

First president of new American City Planning Institute, forerunner of American Institute of Planners and the AICP

Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. - 1917

Never built because RRA stopped by courts -Fed govt couldn't use power of eminent domain that way.

Greenbrook, NJ

first state to institute statewide zoning.

Hawaii, 1961

Smart growth

Promotes a variety of housing choices to allow people of all income and household types to have a place to live.

Advocacy Planner

Serves a variety of groups with different goals and interests.

Explain the "Per Se" test for takings

That there is a loss of all economically viable use of the land

What is the "Cumberland Road"? When was its built?

The "National Road" built by the Federal gov't to tie the east and west together in 1811. Ran from Cumberland, MD to Vandalia, IL

What was Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel; New Jersey Supreme Court (1975)?

The Court found that Mount Laurel had exclusionary zoning that prohibited multifamily, mobile home, or low- to moderate-income housing. The court required the Town to open its doors to those of all income levels.

What prompted the founding of the Sierra Club? Year? By whom?

The need to promote, protect, and preserve the natural environment, 1892 by John Muir.

Progressive Taxes

The tax rate increases as income rises

PPBS is focused on planning through

accomplishing goals set by the department

first skyscraper

chicago 1885

Linear Programming

project management method that attempts to find the optimum design solution for a project. This system takes a set of decision variables within constraints and comes up with an optimum design solution

Density

# of dwelling units per acre

First major tenement house law (N.Y.) restricting physical conditions. SFO prohibits specific obnoxious uses in certain districts—beginning of land-use zoning in U.S.

1867

New York State Tenement House Law. Outlawed tenements i.e."Dumbbell Tenement." Lawrence Veiller.

1901

US Reclamation Act

1902- allowed the funds raised from the sale of public land in arid states to be used to construct water storage and irrigation systems.led to the eventual damming of nearly every major western river.

First application of "City Beautiful" principles to a major American city Burnham's Plan for San Francisco.

1906

Antiquities Act

1906-first law to provide federal protection for archaeological sites.allowed for the designation of National Monuments.created to protect prehistoric Indian ruins and artifacts.president can designate national monuments without congress approval.

When was the first National Conference on City Planning?

1909

Plan of Chicago—first metropolitan regional plan in U.S. (Daniel Burnham).

1909 - Daniel Burnham

First National Conference on City Planning in Washington, D.C.

1909 - conf?

First American use of zoning to restrict future development. Los Angeles creates multitude of zones.

1909 - zoning?

Indian Reorganization Act

1934 - organization of Native Americans and allowed Native Americans to adopt a constitution and organize for their common welfare.

Greenbelt, Maryland and Greenhills, Ohio forerunners of present day New Towns: Columbia, Maryland and Reston,Virginia, etc.

1935 - Resettlement Administration established under Rexford Tugwell, Roosevelt "braintruster"

Americans with Disabilities Act

1990

Scale of a USGS orthophoto

1:12,000

general office

1:300 (spaces:gross floor area)

Eight elements of a Strategic Plan

1Analyze the community's needs 2Identify results-det the long-term objectives that will be pursued 3Admit uncertainties-SWOT analysis relating to the objectives 4Inv stakeholders 5.Dev & eval alt's 6ID role of City 7Dev funding policy 8Eval performance

"What may be needed for successful social planning is a reorientation of the whole concept of the comprehensive plan that would place equity at its heart." Which plan or planning department achieved such a reorientation in 1975? a) The Cleveland Policy Planning Report b) The Cincinnati Comprehensive Plan c) The LA County General Plan d) The 1984 City of Fresno General Plan

Among the many projects during the early years of the New Deal Era, what was a major regional development program that became known as? a) The Tenessee Valley Authority b) The USHA Program c) The Greenbelt Towns d) The PWA Program

Medicare, the Government's FIRST medical insurance program for the elderly was put into place during which administration? a) Johnson b) Nixon c) Carter d) Regan

Medicare, the Government's FIRST medical insurance program for the elderly, was put into place during which administration? a) Johnson b) Nixon c) Carter d) Regan, first term

Of the following, which is the most appropriat entitlement to waive the frontage requirements for a lot located on an isolated hillside? a) Variance b) Special permit c) Cluster zoning d) Rezoning

Parallel parking spaces typically have the following angle (in degrees)? a) 0 b) 30 c) 45 d) 90

Performance standards in zoning might describe whish of the following? a) Allowable uses with respect to smoke, odor, noise, heat, glare, traffic. visual impact etc. b) Light and Heavy uses c) Traditional Euclidean standards d) Specific parking and loading requirements.

Redaction is done when? a) Material that is a matter of public record containing sensitive, private, or confidential information is removed from a public. b) Angry citizens are removed from a public hearing by the police. c) A public official retracts false or misleading statements.

St. Louis, Philadelphia, and Louisville were all? a) Founded on rivers. b) Ceded to the US by Spain c) Industrial cities.

St. Louis, Pittsburgh, and Louisville were all? a) Founded on rivers. b) Ceded to the US by Spain c) Industrial cities.

The "Zoning Game" was written by? a) Richard Babcock b) Jane Jacobs c) Lewis Mumford d) Iam McHarg

The "Zoning Game" was written by? a) Richard Babcock b) Jane Jacobs c) Lewis Mumford d) Ian McHarg

The 1858 design of Central Park of New York City was prepared by? a) Frederick Law Olmsted Sr and Calvert Vaux b) Tony Dowe and Jerry mathers c) Andrew Jackson Downing d) Theodora Kimball and William C Bryant

The 1858 design of the Central Park of New York City was prepared by? a) Fredrick Olmsted Law Sr and Calvert Vaux b) Tony Dowe and Jerry Mathers c) Andrew Jackson Downing d) Theodora Kimball and William C. Bryant

The Section 8 Housing Program was established in 1974 with the approval of Congress and the? a) Community Development Block Grant program. b) Federal Housing Authority. c) Urban Renewal Administration d) Public Housing Administration.

The primary purpose of the census, as indicated in the US Constitution is to provide the basis for? a) Fair apportionment among the states of seats in the US House of Representatives. b) The districbution of federal funds to state and local governments. c) The distribution of state funds to local governments. d) The fair apportionment among the states of seats in the US Senate.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about easements? a) An owner cannot have an easement on his own land. b) An easement is non-possessory interest. c) An easement is a right in another's land created for the benefit of adjacent land. d) Because of an easement, one may be restricted to the use of his own land.

Which of the following maps uses a scale of 1:24,000 or 1:25,000? a) Surficial Geology Quadrangles b) Wetland Inventory c) Parcel Map d) GIS Map

Which of the following was decided before the US Supreme Court in 1915? a) Hadacheck v. Sebastian b) Eubank v. City of Richmond c) Town of Windsor v. Whitney d) Euclid b. Ambler Realty Co.

What is rezoning?

A change from one zoning classification to another. Tool to modify development regulations

Trade Bloc

A large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. Typically trade pacts that define such a bloc specify formal adjudication bodies, e.g. NAFTA trade panels. This may include even a more democratic and particip

What is a cost-benefit analysis?

A management study that evaluates the benefits of a solution (including programatic & personnel) costs to the value / benefit of the outcome.

Soil Map

A map showing the distribution of soil types or other soil mapping units in a relation to the prominent and cultural features of the earth￢ﾀﾙs surface

What is a Land Classification Map?

A map that divides a planning jurisdiction into different classes of land (ie zoning map)

What is a soils map and who are they made by?

A map that shows soil classifications and they are made by NRCS-National Resources Conservation Service

Public Hearing

A meeting before a public body allowing for formal citizen input. Public hearings are typically mandated by law.

Location-Quotient (LQ)

A ratio of an industry￢ﾀﾙs share of local employment divided by its share of the nation (or other level of government). A ratio of less than 1 indicates that an area imports an industry￢ﾀﾙs products or services, a ratio of greater than 1 indicates exporting.

Urban Growth Boundary (UGB)

A regional boundary, set in an attempt to control urbanization by designating the area inside the boundary for higher density urban development and the area outside the boundary for lower density rural development.

Census Tract

A small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county with a population of 1,500 to 8,000 persons.

What is a cohort survival or logitudinal study?

A study that evaluates the same group, with the same base trait (ie: birth date) for a long period of time. May be compared to another group representing a larger population universe.

What are three sections of the AICP CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

A= Aspirational Principles C=Conduct (Rule of) P=Procedural Provisions (of the Code)

When an appeal is filed to an Ethics Officer￢ﾀﾙs decision, who gets to make the next determination?

AICP Ethics Committee

ACPI renamed American Institute of Planners (AlP).

AIP - 1939

Kelo v. City of New London (2005)

Affirmed the use of eminent domain for economic development

What type of land accounts for about 2/3 of the privately held lands in the US?

Agricultural

Any law, regulation, board, or process that has as its objective the preservation of farming on land dedicated to agricultural use. Examples include agricultural zoning, farmland preservation boards, property tax relief for farmers, & anti-nuisance laws.

Agricultural Land Protection

Budget

Allocating & spending tax $ to provide services to the public that woulod otherwise have to be provided by themselves. Series of goals with price and priorities.

What is a "Physical Envasion" takings?

An act of government whereby they encroach or invade private property rights (ie: easement without compensation).

USGS orthophoto

An aerial photograph that has been altered in such a way that the lens distortions are removed & so that it may be scaled for mapping purposes

ADDT

Annual Daily Traffic

Replat

Any change in any street layout, other public improvement- lot line- amount of land reserved for public use or the common use of lot owners- & easements shown on the approved plat.

What is extraterritorial jurisdiction (aka ETJ)?

Authority granted by a state to a city to regulate zoning beyond its boundaries. Used to ensure development outside boundaries is compatible with development within boundaries. Used to modify development regulations

"Amortization" as it applies to zoning practice refers to? a) The prohibition of expanding non-conforming uses. b) The determination of the remaining useful life of a pre-existing non-conforming use. c) The purchase of property for public use. d) Eminent domain.

"Planners must strive to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of disadvantaged groups and persons". This quote is from? a) Federal Law b) The AICP Code of Ethics c) The APA Rules of Conduct d) State Mandates

"There is no overall, common public interest to be served in planning. The planner serves a variety of groups with diverse goals and interests." Name the planning theory. a) Utopianism b) Advocacy Planning c) Charette d) Citizen Referendum

A permitted FAR of 2 would allow the construction of ____ square feet of floor space on 40,000 square feet of land. a) 8,000 b) 80,000 c) 800,000

A project that selects a statistical sample of a large population will always? a) Reduce the amount of effort required to ascertain characteristics of the population. b) Provide a mathematical estimate of the accuracy of the calculated population characteristics. c) Be the unbiased sample of the entire population. d) Be of adequate size to satisfy confidence criteria if a pre-sample was used to determine the required sample.

A stockpile of publicly owned land resulting from a program under which government buys land holds it for future use as needed is called? a) Mitigation bank b) Land bank c) River bank d) Piggy bank

A watershed is BEST defined as the? a) Area that contributes recharge to a public supply well. b) Area that contributes recharge to a surface water body. c) A and B

A watershed is BEST defined as the? a) Area that contributes recharge to a public supply well. b) Area that contributes recharge to a surface water body. c) A and B.

Although the devis grants specific rights to the land, title is not. Name it. a) Fee sale. b) Easement c) Bargain sale d) Roght of first refusal

An amendment to or a change in the zoning ordinance is called? a) General Plan Amendment b) Rezone c) Variation d) Special Use Permit

An urban area defined as depressed and made eligible for special government assistance for economic development in the form of tax breaks and subsidies is? a) Enterprise zone b) Empowerment zone c) Economic development zone

Groups protested of establishing Disney's American theme park in Haymarket, VA in 1993 for which of the following reasons? a) The new park would cause the downtown to further deteriorate. b) The new park would have a negative impact on Civil War battlefields. c) The new park was to close to another Great America's Six Flags Theme Park. d) The new park would impact inadequate transportation systems.

Groups protested of establishing a Disney's American theme park in Haymarket, VA in 1993 for which of the following reasons? a) The new park would cause the downtown to further deteriorate. b) The new park would have a negative impact on Civil War battlefields. c) The new park was too close to another Great America's Six Flags Theme Park. d) The new park would impact inadequate transportation systems.

In a town of 95,000, which program is likely to be used to address the goal of increasing afforadable housing? a) Capital improvement program b) Inclusionary housing program c) Impact fee program d) Growth phasing program

Initiated in 1969, the "A-95" clearinghouse review process was respoinsible for? a) Massive eminent domain suits. b) The creation of regional planning agencies. c) The recession in the midwest. d) Construction of affordable housing in the northeast.

Local regulations of buildings and enforcement of building and housing code provisions to preserve the housing inventory against neglect and erosion and securing safety and health describes? a) Building codes. b) Code enforcement. c) Zone ordinance. d) General plan.

Municipal requirements that licenses and permits be required before conducting certain activities is considered an exercise of? a) Comprehensive planning. b) Police power. c) Eminent domain. d) Environmental protection.

Of the following, which is most appropriate to regulate the development of a new landfill? a) Variance b) Special Permit c) Cluster Zoning d) Rezoning

Roadway delays per vehicle between 15 and 25 seconds would have a Level of Service of? a) LOS A b) LOS C c) LOS D d) LOS E

Slapps stands for? a) Seasonal legislative actions pending publice selection. b) Strategic lawsuits against public participation. c) Slum Law Administration Principal Policies. d) Silly laws aimed at particularly (stupid) people.

Solving problems examining trends and patterns in GIS is performed by? I. Using a query function. II. The vector function. III. Layering IV. Geo-coding data. a) I only b) I and IV c) II and IV d) II and III

The New York Court of Appeals held that a restriction of the rate of growth of a municipality through establishment of rigid performance standards was constitutional in which case? a) Berman v. Parker b) Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo c) Windsor v. Whitney d) Eubank v. Richmond

The Scottish-American natiralist and explorer who was a strong advocate for the creation of Yosemite National Park was? a) Ansel Adams b) John Muir c) Ian McHarg d) Theodore Roosevelt

The new town of Columbia, MD was deigned with which of the following planned features? I Neighborhood clusters II A rail system III Prior land assembly IV Prohibition of Industry a) II only b) I and III c) III and IV d) I, III, and IV

The significance of efficiency for planners is? a) The efficiency with which plans are produced. b) The efficiency that plans can produce. c) The efficiency with which rapidly developing problems are handled.

The term coined by the National Trust for Historic Preservation to describe the threat to downtown areas by large-scale commercial development is? a) LULU b) Sprawl-mart c) Inverse condemnation d) NIMBY

The things in a community that make it a desirable place in which to live or do business (such as good climate and natural features, schools, housing, medical facilities, cultural and recreational amenities, and public services) contribute to? a) The cost of housing b) An individual's quality of life. c) Expansion of the population. d) Strong migration trends.

Tranist Oriented Development (TOD's) is a design feature developed by whom? a) Clarence Perry b) Peter Calthorpe c) Daniel Burnham d) Richard Babcock

What are the three measures of central tendency? a) Appraisal, market analysis, cost estimates. b) The mean ( arithmetic average), the median (midpoint of the distribution), and the mode (most frequently occurring score in the distribution). c) Skew, graph, table. d) Bell curve, statistics, group theory.

When adjusted to today's economy, the current minimum wage is ____ than it was 50 years ago? a) Higher b) Lower c) About the same d) No comparison can be made.

When testing statistical hypotheses, results that are unlikely to have occurred by chance are called? a) Random b) Significant c) Normal d) Critical

When working with developers all of the following are necessary EXCEPT? a) Respecting timetables. b) Providing advice on the probable success of the business venture proposed. c) Acknowledging profit/loss in the process. d) Being concerned for disruption of customer relationships.

Which of the following evaluation procedures would be most useful in making explicit the perspective of multiple parties of interest in a particular issue or problem? a) Cost-benefit b) Goals achievement matrix c) Cost-effectiveness d) Multiple regression analysis

Why is ZBB good for government?

Because it helps ensure that projects are still needed & helps prevent spending from spiraling out of control.

A local body, created by ordinance, whose responsiblity is to hear appeals from decisions of the local zoning administrative official and to consider requests for variances and exceptions (special use permits, conditional use permits)

Board of Adjustment

An Interest bearing certificate issued by a government or business, promising to pay the holder a specified sum on a specified date- it is a common means of raising capital funds.

Bond

When was the 1st "Dumbbell" tenement built? What was it?

Built in 1879 it is was a multifamily style of housing that was shaped like a dumbell

"...The vast accumulation of estimates, projections, administrative decisions and proposals presented by the local government administration to the legislative body". This statement is describing which of the following? a) The kid's Christmas wish list. b) A capital improvement program. c) A municipal budget document. d) Development fee program.

A geologic unit capable of yielding useable amounts of water is referred to as? a) Water supply b) Reservoir c) Aquifer d) Sand and gravel deposit

A planning manager is concerned about the poor work performance of the associate planner. He decides it is time to have a discussion with her. Which of the following would be appropriate? a) Call the associate planner into his office for an initial discussion of the problem. b) Reprimand the associate planner at the front counter. c) Meet with the planner at her desk and go over the requirements and expectations of the associate planner position. d) Write an e-mail memo to the associate planner outlining his concerns and threatening punitive action.

A retail development with 75% parcel coverage typically allows what percent of total rainfall to percolate to groundwater? a) 10% b) 20% c) 15% d) 75%

A staff analyst with a medium-size city is attending to a counter call one afternoon and is approached by a developer. The developer wants to discuss his tentative tract map that will soom be considered by the Planning Commission. The staff analyst is writing the staff report. The developer invites him to lunch. Under the AICP Code of Ethics what should he do? a) Take the developer up on the offer. A free lunch would be nice. b) Decline to go with him to lunch, but suggest that another gratuity would be acceptable as long as it is delivered to city hall during regular business hours. c) Decline his offe, explaining that this ming be construed as a conflict of interest. d) Deline his offer, but agree to meet with him after work for a couple of beers at the local bar where this matter may be discussed in private.

A system of describing and identifying land by measures and direction from an identifiable point of reference such as a monument or other marker, the corner of intersecting streets, or in rural areas, a tree or other permanent feature is termed? a) Physical description. b) Legal description. c) Metes and Bounds. d) Base and Meridian.

A system of describing and identifying land by measures and direction from an identifiable point of reference such as a monument, or other marker, the corner of intersecting street, or in rural areas a tree or other permanent feature is termed? a) Physical description b) Legal description c) Metes and bounds d) Base and meridian

All of the following management techniques may be utilized by meeting facilitators EXCEPT? I. Brainstorming II. Diffusion of tension III. Keeping the meeting focused IV. Determining and aggresively enforcing ground rules. a) I only b) II and III c) IV only d) I, II, and III

All of the following management techniques may be utilized by meeting facilitators EXCEPT? I. Brainstorming. II. Diffusion of tension. III. Keeping the meeting focused. IV. Determining and aggresively enforcing ground rules. a) I only b) II and III c) IV only d) I, II, and III

An associate planner argued successfully agains any further non-residential development within the town's water recharge areas. Five years later, as a consultant to a national shopping mall developer, this same person is aggressively pursuing a rezoning of 1000 acres of land within the town's public water supply recharge areas. Does this violate the AICP code of ethics? a) Definitely b) Possibly c) No. Not as long as there is full disclosure.

An industry is an exporter of employment if it has a location quotient greater tha ____? a) 0.01 b) .001 c) 1.00 d) 1000

As a general rule, individuals who seek to challenge a zoning ordinance will be required to? a) Prove they have "standing". b) Prove the do not stand to gain financially by the challenge. c) Exhaust all administrative remedies. d) A and B.

Courts have ruled that rezoning does NOT constitute spot zoning if? a) The rezoning is adopted by unanimouse vote of the legislative body. b) The rezoning is not appealed. c) The rezoning is enacted in accordance with a comprehensive plan. d) The rezoning allows for special permit or special exception waivers.

George Pullman designed and built the Town of Pullman in 1880. Pullman was a model industrial town. In which state was it built? a) New Jersey b) Maryland c) Illinois d) Missouri

Half time at some college football games has been extended five additional minutes to provide more time for? a) The purchase of beer and hot dogs at the concession stands. b) Smokers to light up outside the seating area. c) Women to use the ladies room. d) The coach to yell at the players.

In Ernest Burgess' Cocentric Zone Theory (1923) everything starts from the center and growns out from there in the form of broad belts or zones. Which of the following is NOT true about thes zones? a) The first zone is the downtown center whcih is focused on the economic, political, and cultural life of the city. b) The xecond zone is known as the "zone of transition" which is both area-wise and population-wise and an area of limbo. c) The third zone is where the parks and open space are located. d) Immediately adjacent to the central business district is an area slated for expansion if business is good.

Lands that are comprised of the vegetative and wildlife areas adjacent to perennial and intermittent streams are named? a) Wetlands b) Vernal Pools c) Riparian areas. d) Watershed Areas.

Of the following growth management techniques which would likely be used to reduce development density? a) Building permit caps b) Subdivision phasing c) Large lot zoning d) Building permit moratoriums

Population, unit of analysis, parameter are all terminology related to? a) Inferential statistics. b) Mean, Median, Mode. c) Sampling d) NUll hypothesis.

Regional Malls typically consist of between 750,000 and 2 million square feet gross leasable area (GLA). What size population is required for a mall to be successful? a) 150,000 b) 200,000 c) 250,000 d) 300,000

The FIRST president of the American Society of Planning Officials (1934) was? a) Ebenezer Howard b) Richard Nixon c) Alfred Bettman d) Lewis Mumford

Which "Great Expediter" said, "If the ends don't justify the means, then what the hell does"? a) Daniel Burnham b) Mike Waiczis c) Robert Moses d) Adolph Hitler

Which map is extremely useful in determining the location of prime farmland? a) USGS topographic b) USGS ortho-photo quad c) Soil Conservation Service soil survey d) Project flood maps

Which of the following colonial cities were planned with public open space (Town squares)? a) Boston and Savannah b) Philadelphia and New Have c) A and B

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of Radburn? a) It had a variety of housing types. b) Houses were turned around so they fronted on pedestrian paths rather than streets. c) Military bases were constructed nearby. d) High density left about half of the tract available for other uses - commercial, recreations, schools, open space.

Which of the following is NOT included in Comprehensive Planning? a) Goals, Objectives, Policies. b) Development of Plan Concepts. c) Cost-benefit Analysis. d) Development of Alternative.

Which of the following would be primarily a local government function? a) River basin management. b) Air pollution abatement. c) Zoning d) Critical environmental areas designation.

Citizens groups presumed to represent the ideas and attitudes of local groups- the purpose to advise the planning agency.

Citizen Advisory Groups

Citizen referendum

Citizens vote their approval or disapproval of a public measure by official ballot.

Beauty of public works projects to attract wealthy, pleasant life of poor, accessible to all men, create unifying civic pride.

City Beautiful (1900-1920s)

A home occupation conducted in a residential dwelling unit that is incidental and subordinate to the primary residential use. Regulations of home occupations usually restrict which of the following? a) The percentage of the unit that can be used for the occupation. b) Exterior evidence of the business. c) Tha mount of parking neede and traffic generated. d) All of the above.

A principal planner of a large metropolitan area is responsible for facilitating the organization of a parks and open space advisory committee for the county. Representatives from which of the following groups should be considered for the committee? I. Stockbrokers, bankers, real estate brokers. II. Landscape architects, private citizens, and law enforcement. III. Chamber of commerce, building industry, farmers. IV. Environmental groups, small business operators, school districts. a) I and IV b) II and III c)I, II, and IV d) All of the above.

Legal immigration has increased in the US in recent years. Which of the following is TRUE about recent immigrants? a) They are more likely to live in poverty. b) They suffer from higher unemployment. c) As a group they typically have less than a high school education. d) All of the above.

Metes and bounds is a system of describing and identifying land by measures (metes) and direction (bounds) from an identifiable point of reference. It is the most precise of the common forms of urban land description. What are some other methods? I. Aerial fly-overs. II. Street number of houses. III. Block and lot of a subdivision. IV. Assessors parcel numbers. a) I only b) I and II c) II, III, and IV d) II and III

Metes and bounds is a system of describing and identifying land by measures (metes) and direction (bounds) from an identifieable point of reference. It is the most precise of the common forms of urban land description/ What are some other methods? I. Aerial fly-overs. II. Street number of houses. III. Block and lot of a subdivision. IV. Assessors parcel numbers.

Of the following cities which was the fastest growing in th 1990s? a) New York b) Pittsburgh c) San Francisco d) Las Vegas

The holding for the Agins case established that a test....a regulation is a taking if it can be shown that it? a) Deprives property of all economically viable use. b) Creates nuisance on the property. c) Fails to advance a legitimate governmental interest. d) Both A and C.

The range of the numbers, 5, 10, 20, 30 is? a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 25

This population projection technique is essentially mindless in that past trends are extended into the future without good reason. It does, however, provide reasonable estimates for whole communities, particularly when the target year is 10 years or less in the future. Which population projection technique is described? a) The Migration and Natural Increase Method. b) The Cohort Survival Method. c) The Symptomatic Method. d) The Graphic Technique Method.

This population projection technique is essentially mindless in that past trends are extended into the future without good reason. It does, however, provide reasonable estimates for whole communities, particularly when the target year is 10 years or less in the future. Which population projection technique is described? a) The Migration and Natural Increase method b) The Cohort Survival Method c) The Symptomatic Method d) The Graphic Technique Method

Transfer of development right (TDR) us an effective technique to protect? a) Zones of contribution to the public. b) Well fields. c) Wetland buffer zones. d) Surface watersheds.

Wetlands protection programs may include which of the following? a) Protection of groundwater. b) Flood control. c) Protection of wildlife habitat. d) All of the above.

Which of the following are TRUE about PUDs? a) Anything goes as long as there's a profit in it. b) Section 8 housing is prohibited. c) More density equals more tax revenue. d) Densities are calculated for the entire development.

Which population projection method would use state population forecasts to calculate county population or, following an additional step, could be used to calculate a population projection for a town or city?

Most effective way to generate adequate citizen participation

Developing a multi-faceted public information program

The legal right of government to acquire or "take" private property for public use or public purpose upon paying just compensation to the owner.

Eminent Domain

Economic Development dimensions

Employment, development base, location assets, knowledge resources.

Enacted in 1994-Federal funds to distressed areas.

Empowerment Zone Program (Clinton)

Who can you seek informal advise on ethics from?

Ethics Officer

Traditional as-of-right or self-executing zoning in which district regulations are explicit- residential, commercial, and industrial uses are segregated.

Euclidean Zoning

Cincinnati

First city to adopt a comprehemsive plan

When was the first issue of City Planning published

In 1925, the American City Planning Institute and the National Conference on City Planning published the first issue of City Planning, the predecessor to the current Journal of the American Planning Association.

When was the first National Planning Board created? When was it abolished?

In 1933, the first U.S. National Planning Board was created. It was later renamed the National Resources Planning Board and then abolished in 1943.

When was ASPO founded and what does it stand for?

In 1934, the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) was founded.

Where and when was the first federally supported public housing built? Where was the first housing occupied?

In 1934, the first federally supported public housing was constructed in Cleveland, although the first to be occupied was located in Atlanta.

Floor Area Ratio (FAR)

Is the ratio of the gross floor area of the building to its ground area. It is used primarily to determine building density on a site or, more specifically, the size of a building in relation to the size of the lot on which it sits.

Major population estimation and projection methods

Linear, Symptomatic, Ratio (Step-Down) Method, & Cohort Survival.

Zoning definition

Police power (government right) to impose regulations to protect the public health, safety and welfare.

AICP Code Section A

Principles to Which We Aspire

Three types of taxes:

Progressive, proportional, and regressive

resident

Range of Parking Needed: 1:5 to 2:1 (spaces:units)

Statement expressing relationships between phenomena. Acceptance or non-acceptance upon logical analysis of data using scientific method. 1st describe prediction (trying to prove)- 2nd describe possible outcomes.

Research Hypothesis

Explain what the S - T - R system is and how it was used.

S - T - R : Section, Town, Range government classification system established by the "Ordinance of 1785" to promote land speculation and development in the west.

What is a Gantt chart?

Schematic that shows the steps/tasks of project on a parrelle, horizontal model.

What did the Louisiana Purchase do? What year?

Secured 828,000 sq miles of land from Mississippi to the Rocky Mts from France. It led to the western expansion.

proposes national land-use legislation to protect natural resources & undeveloped land

Senator Jackson - 1972

Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms, thereby accelerating the growth of suburbs

Serviceman's Readjustment Act ("GI Bill") - 1944

Submission or rejection to unsolicted attention is used as a bases for employment decisions

Sexual harrassment

What was Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council; U.S. Supreme Court (1992)?

The Court found that there is a taking if there is a total reduction in value (no viable value left) after the regulation is in place, except where derived from the state's law of property and nuisance. The court found that Lucas purchased the land prior to the development regulations being put in place and so constituted a taking.

Central Tendancy

The typical or representative value of a dataset. Can be reported by a variety ways including mean, median, and mode.

Orgin Destination Study

a detailed survey to estimate travel demands on a traffic system. Road blocks set up and motorists within the cordon area asked questions on where they are traveling to/from.

Visioning

a process whereby citizens attend a series of meetings that provide the opportunity to offer input on how the community could be in the future. Visioning is typicall a 20 to 30 year outlook

Modal Split

deals with how people get to where they want to go. car, bike, walk,bus

TIF allows a designated area to

have tax revenue increases used for capital improvements in the area

Large lot zoning

pros-reduces density cons-contribute to sprawl and exludes low to moderate income households

Collectors

provide both land access and traffic circulation with residential, commercial, and industrial areas by collecting

Highway Capacity Manual

provides concepts, guidelines, & procedures for computing highway capacity.

gravity model

provides trip estimates based on proportional attractiveness of the zone and inversely proportional to the trip length.

Peek Hour/period

the highest volume of traffic in a day

CPM

tool to analyze a project. The analysis results in a "critical path" through the project tasks. each task has a know amount of time to complete and cannot be completed before its previous one is completed. The longest pathway is the critical pathway.

Who was Norman Kumholz? What did he believe?

* Equity Planning in Cleveland * Believed that "planning considers the distributional effects of public and private action and attempts to resolve inequities in the distribution of basic goods and services."

Who is Robert Moses? What is his Quote? What is he known as? What did he shape? What positions did he hold?

*If the end does not justify the means, then what the hell does? *Great Expeditor *Most significant contributor in shaping the NY region: 400 miles of parkways (Triborough Bridge & Jones Beach) *Replaced Burnham as lead person on city planning in the 1920s *Hired by Portland, OR to recommend a program for public improvements.

Importance of The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)? Who was behind it? Why significant to City Planning?

*Independent, multi-functional governmental agency created for regional planning and development of the Tennessee River Valley. *Created by FDR and Fed Govt as a "New Deal" program to create jobs through public infrastructure projects. Person behind TVA created in 1933 was Senator Norris. *Modern regional planning agencies have their roots in TVA.

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when: (there are three)

1)Submission￢ﾀﾦis a term or condition of employment- 2)Submission or rejection..is used as a bases for employment decisions-3)Such conduct has the￢ﾀﾦ.effect of unreasonably interfering with￢ﾀﾦwork performance or creating an intimidating, hstile/ofsive wrk env.

1 Hectare

10,000 square meters=2.471 acres

First local "civic center" plan developed for Cleveland, by Danial H. Burnham

1903

National Park Service established with sole responsibility for conserving and preserving resources of special value.

1916

FDR, New Deal, Federal Emergency Relief Administration under Harry Hopkins

1933 - FDR

problem definition steps

1define problem 2specify boundaries 3develop fact base 4list goals & objectives 5identify range of solutions 6define potential costs & benefits 7review the problem statement

At least _______ before the hearing, the Ethics Officer and the Respondent shall exchange lists of proposed witnesses who will testify, and copies of all exhibits that will be introduced, at the hearing.

30 calendar days

The Respondent has how long from receipt of a Complaint in which to file an Answer?

30 calendar days

Which of the following would be more the function of a regional governmental responsibility than a local government? a) River basin management. b) Zoning c) Aesthetics rgulations. d) Redevelopment

Soil Profile

A cross section of the earth's showing the makeup of the soil layers

A tax on property that is calculated based on a percent of value of the property taxed.

Ad Valorem Tax

Krumholz￢ﾀﾙs

Advocacy Planning in Cleveland

Shift share technique

An projection for employment / population that takes into account the shift/movement of jobs & people from or to a community

Special Assessment Districts

Area subject to special prop tax assessment for financing special improvements in district.

All of the following are known for thir involvement in organizational approaches to citizen participation EXCEPT? a) Saul Alinsky b) Patrick Geddes c) Susan Arnstein d) Paul Davidoff

Although the device grants specific rights to the land, title is not. Name it. a) Fee sale b) Easement c) Bargain sale d) Right of first refusal

Gross density includes? a) Streets b) Schools c) Parks d) All of the above

Initiated in 1969, the "A-95" clearinghouse review process was responsible for? a) Massive eminent domain suits. b) The creation of regional planning agencies. c) The recession in the midwest. d) Construction of affordable housing in the northeast.

A system of describing & identifying land by measures and direction from and identifiable point of reference.

Base and meridian

Industries that draw money into economy from outside its borders.

Basic Industries

Concentric Circle Theory

By Ernest Burgess in 1925. He believed that cities grow in a series of outward rings. Land use is based on the distance from the downtown. There were five rings to his theory. The first is CBD, 2nd is Industrial then transition zone, 4th is zone of indepe

A LOS of "C" at a signalized intersection means? a) Uncongested operations. b) Significant congestion. c) Light congestions, occassional backups on critical approaches with an average delay of 15-20 seconds.

A Plat Map provides and accurate picture of ____ in a city? a) Improvements on the land. b) GIS layers. c) Development patterns. d) Land entitlements.

In local government, line positions are those that? a) Stand in line for their paychecks. b) Order general supplies. c) Provide service to the public. d) Arrest criminals and put out fires.

The first suburban, auto-oriented, shopping center (Country Club Plaza) was constructed in 1922 at? a) New York b) Seattle c) Kansas City d) New Have

Zoning map amendment

Change the zoning from residential to commercial on the property

First American city to adopt a new comprehensive plan following World War II

Cincinnati - 1948

First comprehensive plan to be adopted by the planning board of a major American city

Cincinnati Ohio - 1925

Explain "Purchase of Development Rights".

City/agency buys a private landowners right to develop property. Allows certain natural features of the land to be preserved. Landowner can still use it for farming or open space purposes.

outlaws discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accommodation

Civil Rights Act - 1964

Who wrote "Housing for the Mechanic Age"?

Clarence Arthur Perry

Used to determine most critical steps to keep project going.

Critical Path Programming

A legal record of the description of a parcel of land is called? a) Plot b) Platte c) Platt d) Plat

In 1840 in the US? a) The FIRST tenements were occupied in New York City. b) The first massive wave of European immigration reached American cities. c) Only 3 American cities had populations of more than 100,000. d) All of the above.

The original 18th century plan for Washington DC was developed by? a) George Washington b) Ben Franklin c) Paul Revere d) Charle Piere L'Enfant

To break up the stark grid pattern of previous urbanization, what street design techniques were utilized in residential design beginning in the late 1940s and early 1950s? I. Greenbelts and parkway strips. II. Cul-de-sacs. III. Curvilinear streets. IV. Loop streets. a) I and II b) 11 and III c) I, II, and IV d) II, III, and IV

What is satisficing? a) A term menaing that an applicant is satisfied with the approval of his project. b) Accepting policy options short of maximizing goal attainament. c) Accepting policy options short to attaining 100% consensus. d) Both B and C.

What is the primary difference between a variance and other land entitlements? a) Findings are not necessary with a variance. b) Variances are ministerially approved. c) Manufactured houseing (mobile homes). d) The absence of a hardship requirement.

Which of the following is a technique that usually focuses on a single objective and a project's effectiveness with respect to that objective when two or more projects achieve the same objective (or level of benefit)? a) Critical Path Programming b) Goals Achievement Matrix c) Planning Programming Budget System (PPBS) d) Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)

Which of the following would most appropriately be the function of a state government rather than the local or federal governments? a) Aesthetics regulations b) Historic properties designation c) Redevelopment d) Scenic rivers designation

Which of the following would most appropriately be the function of a state government than the local or federal governments? a) Aesthetics regulation b) Historic properties designation c) Redevelopment d) Scenic rivers designation

Descriptive Statistics

Describe the characteristics of a population.

Why is a cost-benefit analysis useful

Determine if a project/solution is worth implementing.

Average Per Capita Method

Divides the total local budget by the existing population in a city to determine the average per-capita cost for the jurisdiction. Type of Fiscal Impact Analysis

U.S. Supreme Court: a jurisdiction must show "rough proportionality" between adverse impacts and exactions

Dolan v. Citv of Tigard - 1994

Whot wrote "Cocentric Zone Theory"?

Ernest Burgess

The Ordinance of 1785

Established a system of rectangular survey coordinates for virtually all of the country west of the Appalachians. Established the basis for the Public Land Survey System.

Enterprise fund

Established to manage the revenues and expenditures of a golf course

Can the effect be expected under similar conditions in other settings.

External Validity

Agency responsible for floodplain maps

FEMA

Criteria when imposing tax

Fairness, certainty, convenience, efficiency, productivity, neutrality.

Diligent, Creative, Independent and Competent performance in pursuit of the employer￢ﾀﾙs or clients interest should be consistent with what?

Faithful service to the public interest.

Edward M. Bassett 1863-1948

Father of Zoning. Helped shape Standard City Enabling Act - 1928

A zoning district whose requirements are fully described in the text of the ordinance but which is unmapped.

Floating Zone

FAR

Floor Area Ratio - (Total covered area on all floors of all buildings on a certain plot)/(Area of the plot)

Ebenezer Howard "Tommorrow Peaceful Path to Reform 1898)

Garden City ((1920s in US)

Not really "Garden City" DID NOT HAVE planned greenbelt, not self-contained,not single tax rent system

Garden City:Radburn, NJ 1928

The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities.

Homer Hoyt's influential "sector theory" of urban structure - 1937

When was the first exam for AIP membership administered?

In 1977, the first exam for AIP membership was administered.

variable used to explain the one dependent or causally prior to dependent variable.

Independent Variable

quantifies the multiple economic effects resulting from a change in the final demand for a specific product or service.

Input-Output Economic Analysis

Traffic nears an unstable flow. Intersections still functional, but short queues develop and cars may have to wait through one cycles during short peaks.

Level of Service D

Effort of a third party, usually a single person to persuade disputants to come to an agreement.

Mediation

Most corridor transportation planning is conducted by the .....?

Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)

Who is Catherine Bauer Wurster? What book did she author?

Modern Housing

Dillon's Rule

Municipal governments only have the powers that are expressly granted to them by the state legislature, those that are necessarily implied from that grant of power, and those that are essential and indispensable to the municipality's existence

Agency responsible for soil map database

NRCS (National Resource Conservation Service) division of US Dept of Agricultarue

Generation X

People born between 1965 and 1976.

Growth Management goal 3

Provide adequate public facilities and services at minimum cost & distribute costs equitably.

Growth Management goal 6

Provide admin efficiency-streamlined permitting procedures- streamlined judicial review.

Line Functions

Provide services directly to the public (i.e. subdivision reviews, rezoning cases, code enforcement)

interval or ratio

Quantitative

First "new town" built

Radburn, NJ - 1928

Put planning related issue on ballot - challenges existing i.e. adopted plan

Referendum

Area Median Income (AMI)

Refers to the middle or midpoint income for a particular area. The term is used to estimate the "average" income for a particular area.

Vested Right

Refers to when a developer/property owner has the right to develop a property - if they have a building permit, have relied on a public official, have made a substaintial investment etc.

Frequency distribution of one variable when another is held fixed at each of the several levels.

Regression

Focus Groups

Representative sample of a community. Facilitated in an informal setting directed toward a specific subject.

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

Required both the private and public sectors to conform to certain environmental standards

Revenue forecasting

Requires understanding of past, an object view of future & intuitive feel of future.

TIGER Files Include

Roads, Census Blocks, and Census Tracts

New development designed with the pedestrian in mind.

TND or Traditional Neighborhood District

What constitutional principles relates to the ruling in Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994)?

Takings

TIF stands for

Tax Increment Financing

Proportional tax

Tax rate is constant as income rises.

Planning programming budget system (PPBS)

Technique that organizes budget so it relates to a goal or activity.

Jane Jacobs - book name, date, focus of book?

The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs, published in 1961. Jacobs provided a critical look at planners and planning, with a special focus on the mistakes of urban renewal.

Explain what the Transcontinental Railroad was? Year?

The connection of the western and eastern railroad lines (Union Pacific and Central Pacific) at Promontory Point, UT. May 10, 1869

Median

The middle number of a distribution.

First modern, enclosed regional shopping mall

Town and Country Shopping Center, 1954

First U.S. federal conservation and rehab program, and first federal 50/50 funding for prep of general plans ("701 ")

U. S. House Act of 1954

Only map to cover the entire US in detail

USGS topographic map

Who wrote Urban Land Use Planning? when?

Urban Land Use Planning by F. Stuart Chapin, published in 1957. This book became a common textbook on land use planning.

Group-administered surveys

Used for specifc populations. Allows a high and quick response rate. This survey method requires a small sample size.

What role does a WBS play in project planning

Used prior to a CPM or PERT in order to identify the tasks

Strategic Planning

Used to assist an organization in guiding its future. Strategic planning sets goals, objectives, and policies for reaching the set objective

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Used to compare & advocate policies by quantifying total costs & effects. Costs measured iin monetary terms- effects measured in units of any type.

VMT

Vehicle miles Traveled

Supreme Court upholds constitutionality of comprehensive zoning

Village of Euclid v. Amber Realty Co. - 1926

General Obligation Funds

Votger approval to sell bonds for capital improvements

Saul Alinsky

advocate of community organizing. organized Chicago￢ﾀﾙs poor late 1930s and 1940s. 1946 published Reveille for Radicals encouraged poor to become involved in American democracy. published Rules for Radicals, which 13 rules for community organizing.

General Obligation Bonds

are voter approved bonds for capital improvements. GO Bonds use the tax revenue of the gov. to pay back the debt

cross tabulation model

estimates trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconomic characteristics.

trip distribution

examines where people are going. Regions are divided into traffic zones (TZA)and data is provided on # of trips between zones.

Minor Arterials

interconnect the principal arterials, provide less mobility,

Advantage of PPBS

it helps deparments place programs in perspective and evaluate efforts and accomplishments

Performance Based Budgeting is focused on

linking funding to performance measures.

A capital budget includes:

long-term purchases, such as a new building, a rec center, water main, or majore equipment.

Common citizen surveys

mailed-inexpensive but slow, telephone-fast,cheaper but some no phone & must have interviewers, in-person-works well but very expensive & could be bias.

Capital Budget is for the period of

one year

Capital Improvement Program (CIP)

prepared by planning director or planning commission, use collaboration-consensus building.

CIP includes

project descriptions, estimated costs, construction timeline, and sources of funding

Local Streets

provide direct access to adjacent land and to the higher classified streets

Public Roads Administration (PRA)

responcible for implementing the interstate highway system. It did not have funding until 1952.

Principal Arterials

serve longer trips, carry the highest traffic volumes, carry a large percentage of the VMT on minimum mileage,

Decomposes employment growth (or decline) in a region over a given time period into three components: (1) a national growth effect, (2) an industry mix effect, (3) a competitive effect. Sum of these three effects equals the actual change in total employme

shift-share analysis

Strategic Planning is ________ -term in focus and is specific in accomplishing certain________________

short, objectives

Delphi Method

structured process of citizen participation with the intent of coming to a consensus

Windfall tax

tax on a financial benefit conferred on a property owner as a result of a publlic action. Recapture windfall profits by the public.

Line-item Budgeting

the emphasis is on projecting the budget for the next year and adding in inflationary costs

Revenue Bonds

use a fixe source of revenue to pay back debt. i.e. water use fees could be used to pay back revenue bonds for a water main

Tax-Write off

when governments offer tax inventives in order to attract economic development

Rachel Carson

wrote Silent Spring, an important book in environmental planning.

Characterized by slow movement and frequent stoppages. Congestion is considered severe, but not uncommon at peak traffic hours, with frequent stopping, long standing queues and blocked intersections.

Level of Service E

Unsatisfactory stop and go traffic characterized by traffic jams and stoppages of long duration. Cars usually have to wait through one or more signal cycles.

Level of Service F

What book did Ladislas Segoe write? When was it published and why is it relevant?

Local Planning Administration by Ladislas Segoe, published in 1941. This book was the first in the Green Book Series produced by the International City/County Management Association.

LULU

Locally Undesirable Land Uses such as waste dump

Non-Basic Activities

Locally oriented.

U.S. Supreme Court limits local and state government's ability to restrict private property without compensation

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council - 1992

Written surveys

Mailed, printed in a newspaper, administered in a group setting, or other method. Used when trying to obtain information from a broad audience. Low cost but typically low response rate.

First state to make planning mandatory for local governments

Massachusetts - 1913

sum of scores in distribution divided by number of scores.

Mean

Best way to solicit citzen input in plan making

Neighborhood group leaders and citizen committees

Overlapping communities

New Towns: Columbia MD (1960s)

Reverse of what experimenter actually believes-put forward to allow data to contradict it.

Null Hypothesis

Mode

Number that occurs most often

Who can give give formal advice on the propriety of a planner's proposed conduct?

Only the Ethics Officer

What book did Kevin Lynch write? what concepts did it introduce/design?

Image of the City by Kevin Lynch, published in 1960. This book defines basic concepts within the city, such as edges and nodes.

What City adopted the first comprehensive zoning code? Who wrote it and when was it adopted?

In 1916, New York City adopted the first comprehensive zoning code, written by Edward Bassett.

When was the first code of ethics for professional planners adopted?

In 1971, AIP adopted a Code of Ethics for professional planners.

Why is the Oregon Land Use Act significant?

In 1973, Oregon adopted a statewide comprehensive land use management program. It provides statewide standards for farmland protection through state mandated, locally implemented urban growth boundary designations and exclusive farm use zoning.

Why does the task increment escalate in 10s in PERT

In order that new tasks may be inserted as project progresses

City Beautiful Movement

Includes civic design as a primary principle. Cities such as DC and Chicago had large parks, statues, and well-designed public meetings.

Part of a package of growth management laws enacted in Florida in 1985, concurrency requires? a) Deposits of substantial currency as bond for required improvements for new developments. b) The processing and approval of multiple entitlements to streamline the permitting process. c) That new development be prohibited unless adequate infrastructure is, or soon will be, in place to support new growth.

During the last half of the 20th century, the nation's 25 largest cities had which of the following in common? a) The all experienced an increase in employment opportunities. b) The violent crime rate dropped in all 25 cities. d) The local tax rate declined in all 25 cities. d) All of them experienced a decline in the median family income.

Early plans for cities such as Washington DC, Detroit, and New York were largely rejected, changed, or ignored, in keeping with? a) The concept of minimal government responsibility. b) Rampant land speculation. c) Minimal interference with private property. d) All of the above.

In the 1990s, the Census Bureau reported the total number of US farms had dipped below 2 million, the lowest number since? a) World War II b) The Great Depression c) The turn of the century d) Before the Civil War

The study of cities and regions that focuses on basic-service (export) ratios, the aratio of employment in basic activities that utilizes economic multipliers is? a) Planning Programming Budgetting System (PPBS) b) Cost-benefit analysis. c) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) d) Economic base analysis.

Takes on finite number of values. Generally whole numbers.

Discrete variable

US Supreme Court: land-use restrictions, to be valid, must be tied directly to a specific public purpose, rational nexus

Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, - 1987

Assignment of or symbols (renaming, categorical) for purpose of designating subclasses that represent unique characteristics. Weakness level of measurement, meaningless to find mean, standard deviations, etc.

Nominal Scale

Resettlement Administration

Roosevelt-1935. This agency was responsible for the New Towns program which developed 0three cities based on Howard's (garden city) ideas: Greendale, Wisconsin- Greenhills, Ohio- and Greenbelt, Maryland. Additionally, 99 other new towns were planned.

What was United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Company; U.S. Supreme Court (1896)?

The Court ruled that the acquisition of the national battlefield at Gettysburg served a valid public purpose. This was the first significant legal case dealing with historic preservation.

What was City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes at Monterey Ltd.; U.S. Supreme Court (1999)?

The Supreme Court upheld a jury award of $1.45 million in favor of the development based on the city's repeated denials of a development permit for a 190-unit residential complex on ocean front property. The development was in conformance with the city's comprehensive plan and zoning ordinance. The court found the repeated denials of permits deprived the owner of all economically viable use of the land.

America's first large-scale regional program in integrated economic, social, and physical development planning by the federal government.

The Tennessee Valley Authority is created - 1933. Fathered by senator George Norris of Idaho

What was Berman v. Parker; U.S. Supreme Court (1954)?

The court held that aesthetics is a valid public purpose. The court found that urban renewal was a valid public purpose.

Section 8

This housing program provides funds to pay a portion of the rent for low-income households. The amount paid depends on the household income

Primary purpose of a fiscal impact analysis

To assist city or county officials determine if a project will generate sufficient revenue to defray necessary public service costs

What type of development is Peter Calthorpe associated with?

Transit oriented development.

What must growth management approach to regulating development include?

Transportation analysis. Transportation and land use are closely linked. Tool to regulate development

Base Map

Type of map used as a starting point for many planning projects, shows the essential natural or man determined features of an area.

Zoning Board of Appeals

What is non-cumulative zoning?

Zoning that allows only the listed land use.

Plat

Consists of a map, drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land.

Zero Base Budgeting

Budget starts from scratch every year.

What is CPM?

Critical Path Method

GAM stands for:

Goals Acheivement Matrix

Population

The total of a collection.

local economic development stratgegy

locality development, business development, HR devlopment, community development

What is the importance of the 1925 Cincinnati Plan? Who was behind it? Significance to City Planning?

*1st comprehensive plan having as its basis the welfare of the city as a whole incl extensive zoing. *Alfred Bettman, Cincinnati attorney heavily involved w/United City Planning Committee that worked with the city to develop a comprehensive plan. *Incl an official adoption of long-term development goals. Importance - concept uses legal control of development as a tool to achieve long-range community goals. Serves as a contrast tpo earlier zoning codes in which codes were not established with long-term goals in mind.

What is transect zoning?

*Describes zoning as a continuum of six zones from rural to urban districts *Identifes different 3 dimensional development standards for the hierarchy of uses *a "new urbanism" tool to foster sustainability by decreasing need for long distnace travel * developed by Andres Duany

Kevin Lynch What position did he hold? What books did he write? Quote?

*Designer *Image of the City, A Theory of Good City Form, Site Planning *Historically public opinion has favored development almost irrespective of the cost to the environment. Our laws and institutions...reflect a pro-development bias."

What methods did Alinsky's followers utilize?

*Disruption of normal activities and use of protest and boycotts. *Maarches and rent strikes *Violent demonstrations.

What did the ordinance of 1785 establish? Why was it important?

*Established a system of rectangular survey coordinates for land west of the Appalacians. *It opened the west to rapid settlement and resulted in rampant speculation of land.

Who is Patrick Geddes? What did he author? What is his background? What is he known for?

*Father of Regional Planning *Author of "Cities in Evolution" *British biologist and sociologist *Innovative city planning theorist

Who is Daniel Hudson Burnham? What is he known as? What is he known for? What is his quote?

*Father of city planning in US. *1909 "Plan for Chicago" that gave birth to modern city planning. *His White City at the Columbian Expo inspired the City Beautiful Movement. *Make no small plans: they have no magic to stir men's (or women's) blood.

What is performance zoning?

*Focuses on the intensity of development that is acceptable relative to its impact on the environment *Focuses on how development impacts surrounding area

What was City Beautiful? Who was behind it? Where did it start & why is it significant?

*Massive public works project to create employment & civic pride. *Burnham proposed it in Chicago but got the idea from a successfully implemented Prisian plan from 1850-1870. *Significance was realized much later during the Americna Depression of the 1930s when thousands were employed to build som the United State's most important public works projects.

What was the Garden City Movement Who was Behind it? Where did it start and why was it important?

*Mode of development that promoted "garden cities" of finite population surrounded by greenbelts of public land committed to agriculture preventing urban expansion & land speculation. *Ebenezer Howard started it in his book, "Garden Cities of Tomorrow" *Started in Letchworth, England in 1903. Planned in full detail by Barry Parker & Raymond Unwin. Led to 1st comprehensive neighborhood design.

What were the characteristics of greenbelt cities? Name one, where was it located? Who created it and why is it significant?

*Modified neighborhood units in the countryside surrounded by greenbelts of public land & served as "dormitory" suburbs. *Greehills, Ohio *Created in 1935 by the Resettlement Admin of the Fed Govt. Significant in that it was largely a failure. Court ruled govt could not use eminent domain for housing purposes.

Who is Clarence Arthur Perry? What concept is he linked to? What book did he author?

*Neighborhood Unit Concept *Regional Survey of New York and its Environs

What & where was Radburn? Key figures in its development? Elements and significance of Radburn?

*Radburn-Fairlawn, NH. *Clarence Stein & Henry Wright through the City Housing Corp - 1928. *Evolution of neighborhood idea that started in Hamstead, England. Contained - Superblocks w/center parks bounded by 2 story SF housing. Extensive pedestrian paths. Became prototype for "advanced" land development for next 50 years.

The median of the numbers 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 is? a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 7

Letchworth constructed. First English Garden City, stimulus to New Town mvmt in America (Greenbelt Towns, etc)

1903

How many USGS topographic maps total?

55,000

How many federally recognized Native American tribes are there in the United States?

562

Plan making

A three part process includes 1) Goals and visions, 2) Analysis of current problems, & 3 Creation of alternatives.

Lease-purchase allows a governement to

"rent to own"

To represent disadvantaged segments of population

Advocacy Planning

Why is The Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs (1928) publication significant?

Clarence Perry's monograph on the Neighborhood Unit is published in Volume VII of it. Viewed land use as a function of accessibility. Landmark Publication Planned Communities

A process in which general agreement is reached over a period of time people with divergent interests.

Concensus Building

Lines on a topographical map that indicate slope.

Contour Lines

Which US department released the first Standard City Planning Enabling Act? When, and who was the Secretary in charge?

In 1928, the U.S. Department of Commerce, under Secretary Herbert Hoover, released the Standard City Planning Enabling Act.

What book is created with starting housing reforms?

Jacob Riis's "How the Other Half Lives" publish in 1890 about NYC slums.

Who wrote "The Death and Life of Great American Cities"?

Jane Jacobs

Lingle v. Chevron (2005)

Jettisoned the "substantially advances" test for takings

Who is concerned with edge cities?

Joe Garreau

Who wrote "Image of the City"?

Kevin Lynch

Who wrote "Site Planning"?

Kevin Lynch

The most common measure of traffic volume is?

LOS

Where was the first urban growth boundary?

Lafayette County, Kentucky, 1958

total unrestricted competition in society ultimately benefits & individual hardships from competition essential to ultimate good of state. Exploit the poor...

Laissez Faire (1800s)

Component of the General Plan that establishes land use goals and policies.

Land Use Element

Where was the first zoning ordinance adopted? Who drafted it?

New York City (1916) drafted by Attorney Edward Bassett.

The National Corridor Planning and Development Program is a grant program that is funded as part of ....?

SAFETEA-LU

units observations are made (regions, municipalities, etc)

Subjects

Slope of 5-10%

Suitable only for specially designed development.

Drop-off Survey

Survey left at someone￢ﾀﾙs residence or business to be completed. Response rates are higher than mail surveys because of personal contact with the respondent. Expensive due to time required to distribute. Sample size smaller than mail surveys.

Normal Distribution

Symmetrical dispersion around the mean. This is a bell curve.

What is an "Adequate Public Facilities Ordinance" (aka Concurrency Regulations)?

Synchronizes development with the availability of public facilities needed to support development such as parks, roads, schools, water & sewage Tool to regulate development Tool to regulate development

Planning approach for comprehensive plans, census in community,4 elements: goal setting-ID policy alternatives-eval means against ends- implement preferred alternative

Synoptic Rationality

concerns a number of procedures concerned with comparing two averages.

T-test

Who wrote "The General Urban Plan"?

T.J.Kent Jr.

Slope

The change in elevation divided by the horizontal distance.

Can a settlement be reached before a complaint is issued?

Yes, the ethics officer can negotiate one with the respondent and the charging party or reccomend one without the charging party's consent with the approval of the Ethics Committee.

ZBB stands for:

Zero Based Budgeting

Road Design

focuses on everything from the nature of the street to actual design guidelines for local streets.

Revenue bonds

usually pays for parking garages, swater and sewer systems, landfills etc.

US. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

federal housing - 1965

Taxes are used to generate revenue to:

finance government and redistribute income

43,560 square feet of area within property lines of a lot or parcel.

Acre

Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)

Administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides grants to States, and States to eligible applicants, to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after a major disaster.

What is an orthophoto map?

An aerial photo that has been rectified and can be used oto measure distance (ie USGS maps).

Megalopolis

An area with multiple-cities with a combined population of more than 10 million inhabitants

The American "Greenbelt" towns were built in the 1930s by? a) The City Housing Corporation b) The Resettlement Administration of the US Dept of Agriculture c) The Dept of Houseing and Urban Development d) The PWA Housing Division

The American "Greenbelt" towns were built in the 1930s by? a) The City Housing Corporation b) The Resettlement Administration of the US Dept of Agriculture c) The Dept of Housing and Urban Development d) The PWA Housing Division

The American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) was established in? a) 1924 b) 1934 c) 1964 d) 1974

The Standard Zoning Enabling Act (SZEA) was issued in? a) 1925 b) 1922 c) 1927 d) 1928

The author of "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform" is? a) Lewis Mumford b) Eveneezer Howard c) Jacob Riis d) Clarence Perry

The city of Provost is experiencing unusually rapid subdivision of its remaining coastal properties. The City Council has requested that the Planning Director prepare a memorandum outlining whatever options the Town has to ensure that public access to the coast is retained, even after the remaining parcels are subdivided or built upon. The Director's memorandum is likely to include a discussion regarding which "test"?a) Affordable housing test. b) Essential nexus test. c) Taking without compensation test. d) Fair share test.

The final product of a charette process includes all of the following EXCEPT? I. Public works drawings with precise dimensions. II. Identification of Building Code violations. III. Plans of open space. IV. Wetland and drainage plans. a) I and II b) II only c) I and III d) III and IV

The legal arrangement in which a dwelling unit in an apartment building, residential development, commercial or industrial space is individually owned but in which the common areas are owned, controlled and maintained through an organization consisting of all of the individual owners is called> a) Eminent domain. b) A condominium. c) Cluster housing. d) A planned unit development.

The period between 1860 and 1870 in the US saw the beginning of suburbanization with the creation of small settlements beyond large cities. Which of the following cities exemplifies this early American suburbanization? a) Radburn, NJ b) Riverside, IL c) Lake Forest, IL

The period between 1860 and 1870 in the US saw the beginning of suburbanization, with the creation of small settlements beyond large cities. Which of the following cities exemplifies this early American suburbanization? a) Radburn, New Jersey b) Riverside, Illinois c) Lake Forest, Illinois

The planning director of a small community is asking the City Council to approve a staff initiated zoning ordinance amendment to provide specific criteria for architectural review of projects. Which of the following would she likely emphasize in her staff report? I. In the absence of a staff member with a degree in architecture specific criteria is necessary for adequate review. II. Having specific criteria for architectural review in the zoning ordinance will provide the legal foundation for conditioning and enforcement. III. Specific review criteria will assure a better built environment. IV. Specific criteria would help developers design projects acceptable to the jurisdiction. a) I only b) II only c) I, II, and III d) All of the above.

The police power allows all of the following government actions EXCEPT? a) Zoining of industrial properties. b) Building Code regulations. c) Condemnation of property. d) Subdivision regulations.

The police power allows for all of the following government actions EXCEPT? a) Zoning industrial properties b) Building Code regulations c) Condemnation of property. d) Subdivision regulations.

The quote, "Make no small plans, they have no magic to stir men's (or women's) blood" is attributed to? a) Frank Lloyd Wright b) Daniel Burnham c) Richard Nixon d) Daniel Boone

Transportation Systems Management (TSM) includes all of the following EXCEPT? a) Carpooling and vanpooling incentives. b) Major new transportation facilities. c) Improved Transit service. d) Staggered work schedules.

Transportation Systems Management (TSM) includes all of the following EXCEPT? a) Carpooling and vanpooling incentives. b) Major new transportation facilities. c) Improved transit service. d) Staggered work schedules.

What type of interest is charged by the Federal Reserve on loans to commercial banks? a) Interest rate. b) Discount rate. c) Market rate. d) None of the above.

What type rate of interest is charged by the Federal Reserve on loans to commercail banks? a) Interest rate b) Discount rate c) Market rate d) None of the above

When working with developers all of the following are necessary EXCEPT? a) Respecting timetables. b) Providing advice on the probable success of the business venture produced. c) Acknowledging profit/loss in the process. d) Being concerned for disruption of customer relationships.

Where are we? Where are we going? Wjere do we want to go? ____? I. How do we get ther? II. How can we pay for it? III. What are our next steps? IV. Who do we need to ask? a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) III and IV

Which court case is concerned with zoning issues? a) Berman v. Parker (1954) b) Village of Belle Terre v. Borass (1974) c) Construction Industry of Sonoma v. City of Petaluma (1976) d) Golden b. Planning Board of Town of Ramapo (1972)

Which of the following are included in the principal steps of the planning process? a) Establishment of public meetings for input. b) Implementation and effectuation. c) Legislative over sight. d) Public reporing.

Which of the following is NOT a basic feature of Radburn, NJ? a) The orginal concept called for a town of 30,000 with commerce, industries, schools, and recreation areas. b) The city was designed by Lewis Mumford in 1929. c) The designers envisioned a variety of building types, pedestrian environments, super blocks, interior courts, and bypass traffic. d) Only 866 homes were completed. Half of these were SFR and the rest were duplexes. There were about 10 homes per acre.

You are the supervising planner for a planning department with a staff of 15 planners. You are looking for ways to maintain positive work performance. Which of the following would you utilize? I. Organize department picnics, and annual holiday party, and staff luncheons. II. Confirm that your staff is meeting organization expectations and that this is appreciated. III. Acknowledge good performance by awarding inscribed placques to your best staff. IV. Call a staff meeting and tell your staff that although there will be no raises this year that they should just be happy that they have a job. a) I and II b) II and III c) I, II, and III d) II, III, and IV

Of the following, which is most appropriat to regulate the development of a new landfill? a) Variance b) Special Permit c) Cluster zoning d) Rezoning

The Mall of America is located in? a) Orlando, FL b) Bloomington, MN c) Autin, TX d) Chicago, IL

Which of the following is a summary of the judgement from Berman v. Parker (1954)? a) The court upheld zoning as constitutional and as being within the police power of the state. b) The court held that aesthetics was a valid reason to support action taken for the public welfare. Redevelopment programs that took property in eminent domain and resold the property to private developers was upheld. c) When a regulation goes so far to deny all economic use of a property, it will be considered a taking unless the prohibited use is "barred by existing rules or understanding" derived from the state's law. d) Entitlement conditions of approval that require the deeding of portions of property to the government can be justified only if the required dedication is related to the nature and extent of the impact of development.

Which of the following is the author of "Regional Survey of New York and it Environs" (1929) and the "Fathger" of the neighborhood concept? a) Daniel Burnham b) Clarence Perry c) Raymond Unwin

Which of the following is the most pressing reason a local government would be concerned about the widespread use of private sewage treatment facilities (PSTF's) for residential subdivisions? a) Technological issues. b) Operation and maintenance issued c) Environmental issues. d) Tax revenue.

Which of the following is the most pressing reason a local government would be concerned about the widespread use of private sewage treatment facilities (PSTFs) for residential subdivisions. a) Technological issues. b) Operation and maintenance issues. c) Environmental issues. d) Tax revenue.

Which of the following statements express the basic goal of the local governemtn chief executives regarding the municipal budget? a) Annually identifying ways to reduce spending and the number of city personnel. b) Administering a balanced budget that at least maintains existing service levels without a tax increase. c) Achieving success with every program in the budget. d) Minimizing budget deficits and keeping increases in taxes at a minimum.

Which of the following typically generates the most storm water runoff? a) Undeveloped areas. b) Commercial areas c) Multiple family residential d) Single family residential

Which of the following would most appropriately be the function of the federal government> a) Aesthetics regulation. b) Air pollution control. c) Zoning. d) School planning.

Which of the following would most appropriately be the function of the federal government? a) Aesthetics regulations b) Air pollution control c) Zoning d) School planning

You have been asked to prepare a detailed analysis of the groundwater resources in your community. The BEST resource for this report would be? a) US Environmental Protection Agency b) US Geological Survey c) National Marine Fisheries d) Bureau of Land Management

A senior planner is responsible for presenting a staff report before the planning commission. Which of the following would be the MOST IMPORTANT thing to accomplish in her oral presentation? a) Discuss options and staff recommendations. b) Preseent nor more than five major points. c) Loosen up the panel with humor. d) Address the needs of special interest groups first.

A summary of goals and policies, a dexcription of overall organization, land use, circulation, and visual elements, and detailed methodology for implementation are all components of? a) A fiscal district plan. b) A joint planning document. c) A central city development plan. d) A preliminary land use document.

A zoning regulation that restricts the type of signs that can be placed within the community is likely to be challenged as a violation of the ____ Amendment? a) 1st b) 2nd c) 5th d) 8th

An individual site or structure that has met local, state, and national criteria as having aesthetic, architectural, historic, cultural or archaeological significance and is worthy of preservation is called a? a) Historic landmark. b) Special district. c) Historic district. d) Preservation district.

An innovative source of funding for redevelopment projects is? a) Tax increment financing. b) Tax allocation bonds. c) General obligation bonds. d) Revenue bonds.

Areas generall characterized by low-density residential development (e.g. 1 to 5 du/acre) and limited commecial uses are called? a) Rural residentail b) Under developed c) Suburban d) Rare in New York City.

Areas generally characterized by low-density residential development (e.g. 1 to 5 dwelling units per acre) and limited commercial uses are called? a) Rural residential b) Under developed c) Suburban d) Rare in New York City

Fred French Investing Co. v. City of New York introduced the first time concept of? a) Planned unit development b) Transfer of development rights c) Eminent domain d) Open space zoning

Location Quotients (LQ) are used to determine the ratio of total local employment of a specific industry to that of the industry on a national basis. Location Quotients look at? a) The ratio of total local employment of an industry to that industry nationally. b) The ratio of total national employment of an industry to that industry locally. c) The ratio of total number of local industries to that industry nationally. c) The ratio of total number of national industries to that industry locally.

Of the following, which works BEST to conserve energy? a) Voluntary rationing of fuel. b) Solar heating. c) Telecommuting. d) Battery powered vehicles.

Performance standards in zoning might describe which of the following? a) Allowable uses with respect to smoke, odor, noise, heat, glare, traffic, visual impact, etc. b) Light and Heavy uses. c) Traditional Euclidean standards. Specific parking and loading requirements.

The 1965 Pennsyvania case, National Land and Investment Co. v. Kohn held that? a) A 4-acre minimum lot size was exclusionary. b) Phasing development was a valid exercise of local police powers. c) Communities must accept their fair share of moderate income housing. d) Growth can be limited to a communtiy's ability to sustain growth.

The 1965 Penssyvania case National Land and Investment Co. v. Kohn held that? a) A 4-acre minimum lot size was exclusionary. b) Phasing development was a valid exercise of local police powers. c) Communities must accept their fair share of moderate-income housing. d) Growth can be limited to a community's ability to sustain growth.

The logic of analysis, the worth of evaluating the consequences of alternatives, the validity and pertinence of information, and the effectiveness of standards and policies in achieving goals are all ideas central to the? a) Evolution of rational management. b) Modern public policy. c) Early basis of planning.

The logic of analysis, the worth of evaluation the consequences of alternatives, the validity and pertinence of information, and the effectiveness of standards and policies in achieving goals are all ideas central to the? a) Evolution of rational management. b) Modern public policy. c) Early basis of planning.

The planning director of a moderate size town is developing a town-wide survey on opinions relating to growth and open space preservation. She has decided to conduct the survey by interviewing on a random basis, 1% of the town's population. In general, how effective will her survey be in eliciting responses? a) Good b) Moderate c) Poor

The planning director of a moderate-size town is developing a town-wide survey on opinions relating to growth and open space preservation. She has decided to conduct the survey by interviewing on a random basis 1% of the town's population. In general, how effective will her survey be in eliciting responses? a) Good b) Moderate c) Poor

The simultaneous occurrence of high unemployment and inflation is called? a) Stagnation b) Recession c) Depression d) Inflation

The statement "a public corporation or authority created by the state to carry out a function of the state is not bound by zoning regulation" refers to? a) State immunity from local zoning. b) Dillon's Rule c) Federal constitutional requirements exempting state government from local regulation. d) Native American reservations.

This 1915 zoning case involved the operation of a brickyard within metropolitan Los Angeles. Name it. a) Hadachek v. Sebastian b) Euclid v. Ambler Realty c) Jones v. Los Angeles d) Nectow v. Cambridge

This technique is used to determine which particular steps in a project will be the most important to keeping a project going. It frequently is used to manage the scheduling of construction projects. Name it. a) Critical Path Programming b) Cost-Benefit Analysis c) Program Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT) d) MBO

This technique is used to determine which particular steps in a project will be the most important to keeping a project going. It frequently is used to manage the scheduling of construction projects. Name it. a) Critical Path Programming. b) Cost-benefit Analysis. c) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) d) MBO

Underground fuel tanks pose a ____ threat to ground water use for drinking water? a) High b) Medium c) Low d) No Threat

Which of the following cour cases FIRST established the concept of "public welfare"? a) Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. b) Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo. c) Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel. d) Necton v. City of Cambridge.

Which of the following court cases FIRST established the concept of "public welfare"? a) Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. b) Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo c) Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel d) Necton v. Cambridge

Which of the following describes "citizen referendum"? a) Citizens vote their approval or disapproval of a public measure by official ballots. b) Neighborhood groups meet privately to determine actions against local government. c) Municipal representatives circulate a survey to solicit community opinion.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about easements? a) An owner cannot have an easement on his own land. b) An easement is a non-possesory interest. c) An easement is a right in another's land created for the benefit of the adjacent land. d) Because of an easement, ine may be restricted to the use of his own land.

Which of the following is/are NOT true about Ebenezer Howard's philiosophy concerning the "Garden City" as presented in his 1898 book, "Tomorrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform"? a) Victory gardens were to be a central part of every garden city. b) The public should take a stand on urban expansion. c) Garden cities represented the birth of the concept of New Town movement. d) Garden cities were to be constructed surrounded by greenbelts of publicly held land premannetly committed to agriculture, theus precluding urban expansion and eliminating speculative land costs.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Tennessee Valley Authority? a) The Authority office was actually located in Kentucky not Tennessee. b) T=In 1933, the TVA was created as an independent multi-functional governmental agency for regional planning. c) The TVA was concerned with redevelopment of the Tennessee River Valley. d) Its programs ranged fro flood protection and water management to recreational development and power generation.

Which of the following was a unique regional development organization, and forbearer of contemporary COGs and MPOs? a) Tenessee Valley Authority (1933) b) Plan of Chicago (1909) c0 City Beautiful Movement d) Housing Act of 1934

What instigated the first tenement legislation in NYC? Year? How many tenement houses existed at that time?

A 1867 report by the NY Council of Hygiene of the Citizen's Association. 15,000 tenements. Not effective due to lack of enforcement.

Which of the following regulatory agencies would typicaly conduct a site plan review for a high school? a) Planning Commission b) Zoning Board of Appeals c) State Planning Office d) School District

Which of the following statements are NOT true? I. As activities become more complex, an organization tends to grow downward at a rapid rate. II. Horizontal growth may occur only at the top level of an organization. III. Public information and technical assistance are examples of specialized staff activities. IV. The three basic line functions can be applied to departmental structure as well as to the organization itself. a) I and IV b) I and III c) II and IV

Which of the following would be primarily a local government function? a) River basin management. b) Air pollution abatement. c) Zoning. d) Critical environmental areas designation.

Which statements are NOT true? I. As activities become more complex, an organization tends to grow downward at a rapid rate. II. Horizontal growth may occur only at the top level of an organization. III. Public information and technical assistance are examples of specialized, staff activities. IV. The three basic line functions can be applied to departmental structure as well as to the organization itself. a) I and IV b) I and III c) II and IV

What is downzoning?

A rezone to allow a lesser intensity development or moving down the euclidian zoning hiearchy from single family to multi family for example Tools to modify development regulations

Explain the "Essential Nexus" test.

A takings legal test that considers if there is an evident linkage between the effect of the regulations & the governments stated interest or intent. Legislative Intent = Legitimate Government Authority.

Explain the "Rough Proportionality" test

A takings test that considers if the results of a legislation/ action is directly related both in nature & extent to the impact of the law. Government Actions = Outcomes.

Which of the following is NOT true about Kevin Lynch? a) He was a designer. b) He lived during the mid-twentieth century (502, 60s, 70s, and 80s). c) He wrote, "The Image of the City (1960), A Theory of Good City Form (1981), and Site Planning (1984)" d) He was the 1st President of APA.

Which of the following is TRUE about New York's Central Park? I The park was designed by Fredeick Law Olmsted Sr and Calver Vaux II Construction was intiated in the 1850s III The park was authorized by the New York State legislature in reaction to the lack of open space in the city. IV The park was the first "English garden" to be realized in America and it became a model for all city parks to this day. a) I and III b) II and III c) II, III, and IV d) All of the above

Which of the following methods did Alisky's followers utilize? a) Disruption of normal activities and use of protests and boycotts. b) Use of marches and rent strikes. c) Violent demonstrations. d) All of the above.

Which of the following represent the basic purposes of site plan review? a) Formulization of the design review process. b) Protection of adjacent properties from adverse impacts. c) Provision of adequate parking and landscaping. d) All of the above.

Which of the following represents typical reasons why a jurisdiction would adopt specific development and design standards for multiple family projects in the zoning ordinance? I. To make them legally binding and defensible. II. Because typically the development standards in zoning ordinance do not address multiple family projects. III. To help curb NIMBY reaction to apartment projects. IV. To provide adequate neighborhood fit. a) I and II b) I and III c) III and IV d) All of the above.

Which of the following was an important goal of the Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) program? a) To purchase concrete blocks for freeway construction. b) To provide homes for the homeless. c) To create redevelopment agencies. d) To reduce the federal role in local government affairs.

Which of the following were elements in the "Sector" concept of spatial organization (Hoyt 1939)? I. Wedge shaped sectors radial to the City;s center and along established transportation lines. II. Concept that different classes tend to be found in distinct areas of the city. III. A CBD was an essential part. IV. No single center, but several nuclei. a) I and II b) I and IV c) II, III, and IV d) All of the above.

Which of the following were reasons for the rapid metropolitan growth of the post WWII period in America? I. National prosperity fostering extensive automobile ownership. II. Federal and State highway construction programs. III. FHA and VA housing programs. IV. Mass transit companies operating motorbuses. a) I and III b) II and IV c) I, II, and III d) All of the above

Which of the following would NOT be a required element of a site plan review submission package? a) A location map. b) Indication of zoning setback requirements. c) Existing and proposed topography of the site. d) Contour lines at 1 and 2 foot intervals.

Which of the following would require an environmental impact statement (EIS)? a) Expansion of a pre-existing duplex. b) A project generating more than 3000 new vehicle trips per day. c) A project using more than 1,000,000 gallons of water per day from a public water supply. d) Both B and C

Which population method would use state population forecasts to calculate county population or, folling an additiona step, could be used to calculate a population projection for a town or city? a) The Migration and Natural Increase Method b) The Cohort Survival Method c) The Symptomatic Method d) The Ratio (Step0Down) Method

Which system may be used for legal description purposes? a) US Governement survey b) Metes and bounds c) Lot, block, and tract d) All of the above

Which system may be used for legal description purposes? a) US Government Survey b) Metes and Bounds c) Lot, block, and tract d) All of the above

Why is Radburn important? a) It was the first American New Town b) It represented the ideal of the American Planning movement. c) It represented the influence of the English Garden City theories in American d) B and C

Wome in suburbia during the 1940s and 1950s provide a good example of the way in which demographic change creates new planning needs for a specific group. Which of the following shows this phenomenon? a) Low density suburbs became a principal land use designation in general plans. b) The adventures of Ozzie and Harriet became a piopulat TV show. c) The need for transportation to and from the suburbs gave rise to new highway construction. c) a and c

Cluster development is a type of development that allows the reduction of lot sizes below the zoning ordinance minimum requirements if the thereby gained is? a) Utilized for low income housing. b) Deeded to the mayor. c) Preserved in permanent open space for the community. d) A and C

You are working at the public counter when an angry citizen begins to yell at you. How do you handle this situation? I. Tell him you will meet him in the parking lot in 10 minutes. II. Insist that the gentleman calm down so you can assist him. III. Invite him into the office with another staff member to discuss his problem on an individual basis. IV. Call the police and have him arrested. a) I only b) I and II c) IV only d) II and III

a performance standard for storm water that requires runoff from developed land to be no different than prior to development is called? a) Natural runoff. b) Zero-discharge. c) Equality discharge. d) A and B.

which of the following is TRUE about vectors? a) GIS mapping function that displays maps. b) Vectors is an acronym for coordinated geometry. c) A mainframe computer system with GIS. d) Vectors are to raster, as line art is to photography.

Developments occurring on Native American trust lands, within a designated reservation is subject to which of the following regulations? a) State regulations governing development. b) Local regulations governing development. c) Federal regulations governing developemtn. d) All of the above.

Developments occurring on Native American trust lands, within a designated reservation, are subject to ____ regulations governing development? a) State b) Local c) Federal

Which of the following contribute to the provision of affordable housing? a) Section 8 grants. b) Density bonus ordinances. c) Construction of government subsidized apartments. d) All of the above.

Determines whether project will generate sufficient revenues to defray public service costs.

Fiscal Impact Analysis

Capital Improvements Program is for the period of

Five to ten years

Fred French Investing Co. v. City of New York

Found that Transfer of Development Rights is an inappropriate method to compensate the landowner for a taking by the City of New York.

Basic tool for organizing data. Helps researcher "see" data. Easy to sort from lowest to highest values. Count of occurances. Add % of occurrance for each score and cumulative frequency.

Frequency Distribution

What is GIS?

Geographic information Systems-program used to prepare maps (in layers) and to prepare geogrpahical analysis of conditions.

Population may have 2 or more groups in study-provides best results- ensures even coverage of population- maintains random selection probabilities.

Stratified (probability sampling)

Fiscal Impact Analysis

Detemines whether project generates sufficient revenues to offset cost of public services. similar to cost-revenue but CR broader application-impacts on public service. FI-fiscal implications of cost of public services & infrastructure.

What will Ethics Officer do after receiving an alleged charge of misconduct and providing a copy to the person being accused?

Determine if the charges warrant an investigation

Inferential Statistics

Determines characteristics of a population based on observations made on a sample from that population. What is observed in the sample is assumed to apply to the population.

Which of the following cities experienced the greatest population decrease between 1990 and 2000?

Detroit

Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe

Developed the Cincinnati Plan 1925. First comp plan ever

What are Transfer Development Rights?

Developer in urban area receiving area purchase rights to develop land in a rural sending area has to be permitted by a zoning ordinance must include market share analysis to ensure that market exists for intensive development in the receiving area

Which generates the most effective adequate citizen participation?

Developing a multi-faceted public information program

fixed value throughout time (ie. male or female)

Dichotomous variable

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)

Digital data about the elevation of the earth's surface as it varies across communities allows planners to analyze and map it.

Tiger file

Digital database of geographic features, such as roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, legal boundaries, census statistical boundaries, etc. covering the entire United States

Growth Management goal 4

Distribute the burdens of and benefits of growth fairly- communities share plan, finance & manage- use regional approach- housing- share wealth, lulus.

Advantages of Line Item Budgeting

Does not require eval of existing services, is easy to prepare and justify, and is easy for public officials to understand

A right given by the owner of land to another party for specific limited use of that land.

Easement

Who wrote "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform"?

Ebenezer Howard

What book is created with starting the Garden City Movement? Year?

Ebenezer Howard's "To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform," published in 1898.

An in-depth study that attempts to discover all the underlying economic factors that affect a community's growth or decline.

Economic Base Study

examines historical trends in the regional economy, including recent changes in employment and business establishments, civilian labor force and unemployment rates, wages, labor force skill levels, and other related data.

Economic Base analysis

Attracting business is a goal of?

Economic Development Programs

Retaining existing business and industry is a goal of?

Economic Development Programs

ZBB

Emphasizes Planning and fosters understanding within all units of the organization

"Concentric Zone" model of urban structure and land use is published.

Ernest Burgess - 1925

NAFTA

Established a trade bloc (free trade agreement) implemented January 1, 1994, between Canada, the United States and Mexico

What is a fiscal impact analysis?

Estimates the impact of a development or a land use change on the costs and revenues of governmental units serving the development.

What was the "Morrell Act"? Year?

Federal legislation of 1862 that authorized land grants to the states so that they could use the proceeds to establish colleges in agriculture, engineering, and other "practical arts".

What was the "Homestead Act of 1862"

Federal legislation that promoted western development by providing any family a 1/4 of twnshp (160 acres). It was given to them if they lived there for 5 years and built a house, or it could be purchase it for $1.25 per acre after only 6 months.

What was the "Forest Management Act"? Year?

Federal legislation which allowed the Secretary of the Interior to manage forest preserves. 1891.

Port of New York Authority. Inauguration of Regional Plan of New York under Thomas Adams.

First bi-state functional authority - 1921

Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission created.

First of its kind in the United States. - 1921

"County Club Plaza" in Kansas City, Missouri.

First suburban auto-oriented shopping center - 1922

Difference between the cost of a particular policy or project to gov unit & benefits to gov unit.

Fiscal Impact Analysis

Its purpose is to assist the city in determining if the project will generate sufficient revenue to defray the cost of public services.

Fiscal Impact Study

Gantt Chart

Focuses on a sequence of tasks necessary for project completion. Each task is represented as a horizontal bar on an XY chart. X is time.

What was Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000?

Following the Supreme Court's ruling in City of Boerne v. Flores, Congress passed the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act. The new act declares that no government may implement land use regulation in a manner that imposes substantial burden on the religious assembly or institution, unless the government demonstrates that imposition of burden both is in furtherance of compelling government interest and is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest. This act was challenged in Cutter v. Wilkinson, U.S. Supreme Court (2005). The Court ruled that the Act is a constitutional religious accommodation under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause.

"Best Guess" - id future considtion analysist feels to occur- decisions & judgement with respect to various factors & variables- might be skewed

Forecast

Intermediate Growth Boundaries (IGB)

Formed within Urban growth boundaries (UGB) where development channeled over time.

Alinsky's Org: Paul Alinsky

Funding guarantee- paid organizer to neighborhood or community-Organizer identifies problem, develop citizen awareness with them & action- power is basis for successfully negotiating for economic and political gains.

Who is Ebeneezer Howard? What movement is he linked to?

Garden City Movement

"City of Motor Age", superblocks & cul-de-sacs, public pedestrian ways between properties to natural amenities (parks,schools), utilize underpass to cross busy sts.

Garden City:Radburn, NJ 1928

Cross-sectional survey

Gathers information about a population at a single point in time

Longitudinal surveys

Gathers information about a population over a period of time

Urban Service Areas (USA)

Geographic areas targeted for new or improved infrastructure or for public fac. & urban services next 5-10 yrs.

Confidence Interval

Gives an estimated range of values that is likely to include an unknown population parameter. The width of the confidence interval gives us an idea of how uncertain we are about the unknown parameter.

New York high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth.

Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo - 1972

Analysis used in transportation planning that eveluates the relationship between the force of attraction and the generation of vehicular trips.

Gravity Model

Emergency Relief Act 1935, admin by Rural Resettlement Admin, created for soil conservation, relocate farmers from poor to good soil, owned & operated by fed govt until sold to private during Eisenhower admin in 1950s.

Greenbelt Towns: Greenbelt MD- Greenhills, OH- Greendale, WI (1935-50s)

Who was John Ruskin? What was he responsible for?

Greenbelt concept of the Garden City Movement

Electronic surveys

Growing in popularity. Administered on web or via e-mail. Inexpensive method that can generate quick responses. This method has a higher response rate than written or interview surveys. Downside will not reach people w/o Internet access.

First full-time municipally employed planner at Newark, New Jersey.

Harland Bartholomew - 1914

The first statewide zoning system was introduced in 1978 in which state?

Hawaii

A business conducted in a residential dwelling unit that is incidental and subordinate to the primary residential use.

Home Occupation

First U.S. comprehensive housing legislation. Aimed to construct about 800,000 units. Inaug urban redev program.

Housing Act (Wagner-Ell ender- Taft Bill) - 1949

eliminated categorical grants, created block grants

Housing and Community Development Act - 1974

Who wrote How the other Half lives? When was it published and what did it influence?

How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis, published in 1890. This book resulted in housing reform in New York City.

Jacob Riis

How the Other Half Lives, 1890, stimulous to housing and neighborhood reform.

Test viability of null hypothesis in light of experimental data. Depending on data, null hypothesis either will or will not be rejected as a viable possibility.

Hypothesis Testing

Method which allows analysts to quantify and evaluate connections between industrial sectors.

Input-Output Modeling

Technique to monitor real pattern of money flows. Increase in production in one industry results in increases in other industries. Shows relationships among sectors of an economy.

Input-Output modeling

Used to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. Sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield.

Net Present Value

First state to institute mandatory referral of subdivision plats (beginning of subdivision control)

New Jersey - 1913

Vieux Carre Commission, the first historic preservation commission in the U.S.

New Orleans - 1921

Massive land subdivisions and single-family hsg projects with few community facilities & built on model of war hsg projects of 1940s.

New Towns: Levittown, NY & Park Forest, IL (1947-1948)

First Zoning Ordinance

New York City, 1916 drafted by Ernie Bassett

Is the AICP hearing on the Charge of Misconduct open to the public?

Slope of 0-0.5%

No drainage, not suited for development.

Slope of 0.5-1%

No problems, ideal for all types of development

Is the informal advice from the Ethic officer binding upon the AICP?

No, but it will be condiered in the event a

If there is disputed matter in an ethics complaint and the respondent is granted a hearing with the Ethics Committee, are the formal rules of evidence used?

No, however the substantive rights of the respondent shall at all times be protected.

Industries serve the needs of local populance and businesses in localities borders.

Non-basic Industries

The industrial classification system that replaced the SIC is?

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

First shopping center

Northgate Shopping Center, Seatle Washington, 1950

What is the importance of the Erie Canal? What year was it opened?

Opened a western shipping channel from NYC to the Great Lakes. Opened in 1825.

What two project management techniques model a network/sequence of parrell & corresponding tasks?

PERT & CPM

Scheduling technique that graphically depicts inter-relationships of tasks that constitute project.

PERT -Program evaluation and review technique

What is the difference between PERT & CPM

PERT: VARIABLE task times. CPM: FIXED task times.

Retrofitting of existing suburbs with new growth areas along pedestrian areas around public transportation hubs.

PP or Pedestrian Pockets

First parkway in America completed - Bronx River Parkway, N.Y

Parkway - 1919

Who wrote "Cities in Evolution"?

Patrick Geddes

writes Cities in Evolution creating the foundation for regional planning theory.

Patrick Geddes - 1915

U.S. Supreme Court upholds NYC's Landmark Preservation Law,Grand Central Terminal. Not a taking when the interior of the property lucrative use.

Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York, 438 U.S. 104 (1978)

Echo Boom (Generation Y)

People born between 1977 and 2000.

Constructed to avoid undesirable futures, make desired forecasts come true, to create more desirable futures

Plan

Advocacy Planning: Paul Davidoff

Planner takes into account interests of those affected by plan- planners involved in political process as advocates for interests of gov and groups-mostly low income & minority.

PPBS means?

Planning Programming Budget System

The necessity of the highest standards of fairness and honesty among participants of the planning process is required because?

Planning issues usually involve: conflict of values and large private interests.

Who wrote Planning of the Modern City? when?

Planning of the Modern City by Nelson Lewis, published in 1916.

PPBS stands for:

Planning, Programming, Budgeting Systems

What is zoning?

Police Power (government's right) to regulate land use to protect the public health, safety and convenience.

What gives governments the right to establish land use laws

Police Powers to protect the heath, safety, and welfare of the community

Group to generalize to

Population

What standard of proof must ethics charges meet?

Preponderance of the evidence

Growth Management goal 5

Prevent or mitigate negative and foster positive externalities- separation of incompatible land uses- containment of urban dev- use zoning & buffers.

What is PERT?

Program Evaluation & Review Technique

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA)

Provied funding for highways, transit, pedestrian and bicycle facilities. TEA-21, TEA3, & SAFETEA followed

Gov't involvement in public health & safety of worker. max standards, min hsg standards, light & air provisions.

Public Health (1800s)

Book-Regional Survey of New york and Its Environs

Published 1928 Important because it viewed land use as a function of accessibility

The Yellow Book is?

Published by the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) and is a cookbbok for park and open space standards.

Input-output analysis

Quantitative method to assist in economic policy decision-making. The analysis links suppliers and purchasers to determine the economic output of a region. Identifies primary suppliers, intermediate suppliers, intermediate purchasers, & final purchasers.

Difference between highest and lowest score

Range

hotel

Range of Parking needed: 1:5 to 3:2 (spaces:rooms)

university/college

Range of Parking: 1:10 to 1:2 (spaces:students)

office & medical center

Range of Parking: 1:10 to 3:4 (spaces:employees)

office

Range of Parking: 1:2000 to 3:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area)

medical center

Range of Parking: 3:4 to 9:2 (spaces:beds)

university/college

Range of Parking: 4:5 (spaces:staff persons)

shopping center

Range of parking: 1:1000 to 5:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area)

Assignment of for purpose of identifying ordered relations of some characteristic, order having arbitrarily assigned & equal interval and absolute zero point. Meets math assumptions to perform arithmetic operations.

Ratio Scale

When material that is a matter of public record containing sensitive, private, or confidential information is removed from a public file.

Redaction

What are the major points addressed by the NYC tenement law of 1867?

Required that all tenements have: 1) window or ventilation in every sleeping room, 2) a fire escape, 3) and "good and sufficient" water closets or privies, 4) be graded, drained, and connected to sewer

Metropolitan Planning Organizations

Responsible for reviewing and coordinating programs affecting the region, certifying that a project to be federally funded will be consistent with regional plans or regional development goals and working w/ municipalities to coordinate roadway plans

What are the six zones of transect planning?

Rural preserve (protected areas in perpetuity); and Rural reserve (areas of high environmental or scenic quality that are not currently preserved, but perhaps should be).The transition zone between countryside and town is called the Edge, which encompasses the most rural part of the neighborhood, and the countryside just beyond. The Edge is primarily single family homes. Although Edge is the most purely residential zone, it can have some mixed-use, such as civic buildings (schools are particularly appropriate for the Edge). Next is General, the largest zone in most neighborhoods. General is primarily residential, but more urban in character (somewhat higher density with a mix of housing types and a slightly greater mix of uses allowed). At the urban end of the spectrum are two zones which are primarily mixed use: Center (this can be a small neighborhood center or a larger town center, the latter serving more than one neighborhood); and Core (serving the region — typically a central business district). Core is the most urban zone.[1]

What deos SAFETEA-LU stand for? Who founded it and what year?

Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users: which governs US Federal surface transportation spending through FY10, was signed into law by President George W. Bush in Montgomery, IL. Aug 10, 2005.

As ______increases, standard error decreases

Sample size

What was the first zoning ordinance? When?

San Francisco passed the land use zoning ordinance on the location of obnoxious uses in 1867.

The process where one sets lower bounds for the various objectives that, if attained, will be "good enough" and then seeks a solution that will exceed these bounds.

Satisficing

PERT

Scheduling method that graphically illustrates the interrelationship of the project tasks. Identify milestones, determine sequence, network diagram, critical path, update PERT chart as project progresses

Planners primary obligation

Serve the public interest

Submission to unwanted attention is a term or condition of employment

Sexual harrassment

Unwanted attention has the effect of unreasonably interfering withwork performance or creating an intimidating, hstile/offensive work environment.

Sexual harrassment

Method adds a shift factor to account for jobs into or out of local economy due to factors affecting local economy.

Shift-share

Strategic Planning

Short-term in focus & specific in accomplishing certain objectives.

Contour Interval

Show distance between contour lines. The closer together the contour lines are, the steeper the terrain.

Contour lines

Show lines of equal elevation.

Large Scale Map

Shows a limited land area in great detail.

President George H. Bush did which of the following in 1994?

Signed NAFTA legislation

Who wrote silent Spring and what is it about?

Silent Spring by Rachel Carlson, published in 1962. This book focuses on the negative effects of pesticides on the environment.

Individual has equal chance of being selected for sample

Simple random (probability sampling)

Range

Simplest measure of dispersion, it is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.

Poverty guidelines

Simplified version used for administrative purposes e.g. determining financial eligibility for certain federal programs.

Probability curve where few low numbers pulls the mean to the left

Skewed left

Probability curve where a few high numbers pulls the mean to the right.

Skewed right

Slope of 1 - 3%

Slight problems for large commercial areas acceptable for residential

What act was a model for early zoning & enabling legislation

Standard State Zoning Enabling Act of 1926

A Planner should strive for high ________ of professional integrity, __________ and knowledge.

Standards ￢ﾀﾓ proficiency

Alternate hypothesis

States the hypothesis the research expects to support the possibility that an observed effect is genuine

Results in Great Depression and fosters ideas of public planning on a national scale.

Stock market crash in October 1929

Explain the "Fairly Debatable" test

That a reviewer if given the same conditions and measures, would come to a similar conclusion as the one in question.

Explain the "Rational Basis" test

That the government action is based in a reasonable government interest. Action = Legitimate exercise of Police Power.

What was Welch v. Swasey; 214 U.S. 91 (1909)?

The Court established the right of municipalities to regulate building height.

What was Hadacheck v. Sebastian; U.S. Supreme Court (1915)?

The Court first approved the regulation of the location of land uses.

What was Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency; U.S. Supreme Court (1997)?

The Court found that Suitum's taking claim was not ripe for adjudication because she had not attempted to sell her Transfer of Development Rights. The petitioner owned an undeveloped lot near Lake Tahoe. The Tahoe Regional Planning Agency found that the lot could not be developed under the agencies' regulations, but that Suitum could sell the development rights under the Transfer of Development Rights program. Suitum sued claiming a taking requiring compensation.

What was Munn v. Illinois; U.S. Supreme Court (1876)?

The Court found that a state law regulating pricing did not constitute a taking. The Court established the principle of public regulation of private businesses in the public interest.

What was FCC v. Florida Power Corporation; U.S. Supreme Court (1987)?

The Court found that a taking had not occurred. The public utilities challenged a federal statute that authorized the Federal Communications Commission to regulate rents charged by utilities to cable TV operators for the use of utility poles.

What was the Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.; U.S. Supreme Court (1926)?

The Court found that as long as the community believed that there was a threat of a nuisance, the zoning ordinance should be upheld. The court first upheld modern zoning as a proper use of police power. Alfred Bettman filed an influential brief with the court.

What was Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego; U.S. Supreme Court (1981)?

The Court found that commercial and non-commercial speech cannot be treated differently. The court overruled an ordinance that banned all off-premises signs because it effectively banned non-commercial signs.

What was City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.; U.S. Supreme Court (1986)?

The Court found that placing restrictions on the time, place, and manner of adult entertainment is acceptable. The ordinance was treating the secondary effects (such as traffic and crime) not the content. The Court found that the city does not have to guarantee that there is land available, at a reasonable price, for this use. However, the city cannot entirely prohibit adult entertainment. The Court upheld a zoning ordinance that limited sexually oriented businesses to a single zoning district.

What was Nollan v. California Coastal Commission; U.S. Supreme Court (1987)?

The Court found that regulations must serve a substantial public purpose and that exactions are valid as long as the exaction and the project are reasonably related. The court also found that the California Coastal Commission's requirement to dedicate an easement for public beach access was not reasonable.

What was Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis; U.S. Supreme Court (1987)?

The Court found that the enactment of regulations did not constitute a taking. The Court found that the enactment of the Act was justified by the public interests protected by the Act. Pennsylvania's Bituminous Mine Subsidence and Land Conservation Act prohibits coal mining that causes subsidence damage to pre-existing public buildings, dwellings, and cemeteries. The Act requires that 50 percent of the coal beneath four protected structures be kept in place to provide surface support. The Coal Association alleged that this constituted a taking.

What was Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. et al. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency et al.; U.S. Supreme Court (2002)?

The Court found that the moratoria did not constitute a taking requiring compensation. The Tahoe Regional Planning Agency imposed two moratoria on development in the Lake Tahoe Basin while the agency formulated a comprehensive plan for the area. A group of property owners sued, claiming a taking.

What was Members of City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent; U.S. Supreme Court (1984)?

The Court found that the regulation of signs was valid for aesthetic reasons as long as the ordinance does not regulate the content of the sign. If the regulation is based on sign content, it must be justified by a compelling governmental interest. The Court found that aesthetics advance a legitimate state interest. The Court upheld a Los Angeles ordinance that banned attaching signs to utility poles.

What was Dolan v. Tigard; U.S. Supreme Court (1994)?

The Court found there must be a rational nexus between the exaction requirement and the development. The rough proportionality test was created from this case. The court found that conditions that require the deeding of portions of a property to the government can be justified where there is a relationship between the nature and extent of the proposed development. The court overturned an exaction that required dedication of a portion of the floodplain by a commercial business that wanted to expand.

What was Lingle v. Chevron USA, Inc.; U.S. Supreme Court (2005)?

The Court overturned a portion of the Agins v. City of Tiburon precedent, declaring that regulation of property effects a taking if it does not substantially advance legitimate state interests. The court found this prong of the formula imprecise and not appropriate for determining if a taking has occurred. The other prong of the formula under Agins related to denial of economically viable use is unaffected.

What was City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams; U.S. Supreme Court (2005)?

The Court ruled that a licensed radio operator that was denied conditional use permit for an antenna cannot seek damages because it would distort the congressional intent of the Telecommunications Act of 1996.

What was Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corporation; U.S. Supreme Court (1982)?

The court found that where there is a physical occupation, there is a taking. The cable television company installed cables on a building to serve the tenants of the building and to serve other buildings. The property owner brought a class action suit claiming that allowing the cable company to occupy the land was a taking.

What was Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo; New York State Court of Appeals (1972)?

The court upheld a growth management system that awarded points to development proposals based on the availability of public utilities, drainage facilities, parks, road access, and firehouses. A proposal would only be approved upon reaching a certain point level. Developers could increase their point total by providing the involved facilities themselves.

What is formulated through continuous debate

The definition of public interest

First Amendment

The first amendment covers freedom of speech, which includes the regulation of signage

Limnology

The study of (natural and manmade) lakes and ponds, rivers and streams, wetlands and groundwaters.

Cohort survival method of population projection

The study of a group by a specific characteristic (age, grade, income) increased by the rate that group survives onto the next year

Regressive Tax

The tax rate decreases as income rises

Proportional Tax

The tax rate is the same regardless of income

Concentric Zone Theory

The use of ￢ﾀﾜinvasion-succession￢ﾀﾝ in describing dynamics, finds that growth happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another.

What was City of Boerne v. Flores; U.S. Supreme Court (1997)?

This case challenged the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The City of Boerne, Texas prohibited a church in a historic district from enlarging. The Supreme Court ruled that the act is an unconstitutional exercise of congressional powers that exceeded the enforcement powers of the fourteenth amendment. In the end the city and church came to an agreement to leave 80 percent of the church intact and allow a new 750-seat auditorium on the rear of the auditorium.

What is the legal purpose of zoning?

To protect the public's health, safety, and welfare while minimizing conflicts between compatible uses.

Planner￢ﾀﾙs primary obligation?

To serve the public interest

The planning process exists￢ﾀﾦwhy?

To serve the public interest.

What book initiated the Garden City movement? Who wrote it and when was it published?

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform by Ebenezer Howard, published in 1898. This book initiated the Garden City movement.

Developed in 1960s to get public involved- planning by people for people- communituy meetings, quality of life not delivery of services.

Transactive Planning

Explain TDR's

Transfer of development rights allow property owners to buy and sell development rights without actually exchanging any land. The basic TDR concept is to compensate landowners who give up potential development rights in environmentally sensitive areas or preservation districts. The goal is to direct development away from sensitive lands, known as "sending" areas, toward more suitable areas, called "receiving" areas.

What types of land use maps are included in a comprehensive plan?

CURRENT land use map of existing conditions (zoning) and a FUTURE land use map (master plan) showing desired change.

Neotraditional Development

Calls for nodes of activity that provide Mixed Use, Multimodal Use and Contains Public Spaces

Neotraditional development

Calls for nodes of activity that provide Mixed Use, Multimodal Use and Contains Public Spaces

Workforce Housing

Can refer to almost any housing, but always refers to "affordable housing - Defined by four principal factors: Affordability, Home ownership, Critical workforce & proximity to employment centers

Cost & benefits of competing altern during life of program. Impact of inflation. Present value cals give future value by applying discount rate-considers impact of inflation & growth of services over time. Actual dollars-no inflation, constant dollars yes

Cost Benefit Analysis

Mediation

is a method where a neutral third party facilitates discussion in a structured multi-stage process to help parties reach a satisfactory agreement.

Compares community gains from project to what community must forego in order to achieve. Project with higher ratio that 1 provides more benefits than costs.

Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)

Focuses on single objective and projects effeictiveness with respect to that objective. When 2 or more projects achieve same level of service, comparision comes down to cost.

Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)

Focuses on costs and revenues associated with specific form of growth. Resust is statement of net govt surplus or deficit expressed in financial terms.

Cost Revenue Anslysis (CRA)

A systematic comparision between the amount one section of the communty is paying to the cost of serivices provided to that sector.

Cost-Revenue Analysis

"Dual Sovereignty" as expressed in the federal system can be described as? a) State delegation of power to local government. b) Federal delegation of power to state government. c) Federal delegation of power to local government. d) Federal and state government reign supreme in the separate spheres.

"Potentially responsible parties" (PRPs) is a term in which federal environmental law? a) Big Trees Preservation Act b) Clean Air Act c) Fairy Shrimp Protection Act d) Super Fund (CERCLA)

2. You are working at the public counter when an angry citizen begins to yell at you. How do you handle this situation? I. Tell him you will meet him in the parking lot in 10 minutes. II. Insist that the gentleman calm down so you can assist him. III. Invite him into the office with another staff member to discuss his problem on an individual basis. IV. Call the police and have him arrested. a) I only b) I and II c) IV only d) II and III

A performance standard for stormwater that requires runoff from developed land to be no different than prior to development is called? a) Natural runoff b) Zero-discharge c) Equally discharge d) A and B

A planner is made aware that his supervisor has illegally disclosed information to a developer. Which of the following actions would NOT be practicable for her to pursue? a) Seek the counsel of an attorney who has expertise in public or private employment law. b) Prepare a concise memorandum for the attorney setting out the verified facts and issues. c) Determine to go public with the information and deal with potential employer retaliation. d) Raise the matter with other professionals working for the same employer.

A principal planner of a large metropolitan area is responsible for facilitating the organization of a parks and open space advisory committee for the county. Representatives from which of the following groups should be considered for the committee? I. Stockbrokers, bankers, real estate brokers. II. Landscape architects, private citizens, and law enforcement. III. Chamber of commerce, building industry, farmers. IV. Environmentalist group, small business operator, school district. a) I an IV b) II and III c) I, II, and IV d) All of the above

According to the AICP Code of Ethics outside employment must not? I. Create a conflict of interest between duties of the planner's time and energy. II. Cause a planner to do business with any agency of the primary employer. III. Use of public property for private purposes. IV. Allow a planner to earn more money moonlighting than can be earned through the primary employer. a) I only b) I and II c) II and IV d) I, II, and III

According to the AICP Code of Ethics outside employment must not? I. Create a conflict of interest between duties or the planner's time and energy. II. Cause a planner to do business with any agency of the primary employer. III. Use of public property for private purposes. IV. Allow a planner to earn more money moonlighting than can be earned through the primary employer. a) I only. b) I and II c) II and IV d) I, II, and III

Advocacy planning describes the right of a neighborhood or other group to propose and to promots plans directed to? a) Social issues. b) Special interests. c) Its own needs and interests. d) All of the above.

Advocacy planning describes the right of a neighborhood or othere group to propose and to promote plans directed to? a) Social issues b) Special interests c) Its own needs and interests d) All of the above

Air quality standards aimed at preventing the significant deterioration of air quality by enforcing stricter effluent controls on new polluters are? a) Mitigation measures. b) CCAA Regulations. c) Air Resource Board rulings. d) PSD Standards.

All of the following contribute to successful consensus building EXCEPT? I. Select constructive participants. II. Work with a common definition of the problem. III. Make clear what outcomes are expected. IV. Involve the media after decisions are made. a) I and II b) II and III c) III only d) IV only

An adult use is a business that provides sexual entertainment or services to customers. Adult uses may include which of the following? I. X-rated video shops and bookstores. II. Live or video peep shows. III. Topless or fully nude dancing establishments. IV. X-rated movie theaters and escort service clubs. a) I and II b) II and III c) I, III, and IV d) All fo the above.

An age group in the 75th percentile? a) Has 25% of the population below it. b) Has 75% of the population below it. c) Inidicated that 75% of the individuals in the set are younger. d) Both B and C

An age group in the 85th percentile? a) Has 15% of the population below it. b) Has 85% of the population below it. c) I in the median range. d) Is statistically insignificant.

An open space on the same lot with a building or building group lying between the front, rear, side wall of a building and the nearest lot line, unoccupied except for projections and the specific minor uses or structures allowed in such open space under the provision of the zoning ordinance is called a? a) Setback b) Yard c) Rear yard encroachment d) A and B

An open space on the same lot with a building or building group lying between the front, rear, side wall of a building, and the nearest lot line, unoccupied except projections and the specific minor uses or structures allowed in such open space under the provisions of the zoning ordinance is called a? a) Setback b) Yard c) Rear yard encroachment. d) A and B

At the close of the 20th Century, the US Census Bureau reported that? a) The total number of US farms had dipped below two million. b) The average farm size was 490 acres. c) Farms were larger than a decade ago. d) All of the above.

CC and Rs, also called "covenants" or "deed restriction", are? a) Generally unenforeable by zoning officials. b) Private land use controls included in the chain of title of the property. c) Commonly short and simple and used to deal with single issues. d) All of the above.

Capital improvement programming in the multi-year scheduling of public physical improvements. Scheduling is based on studies of fiscal resources available and the choice of specific improvements to be constructed for a period of 5 to 6 years. Which of the following are TRUE about capital improvement budgets and the capital improvement programs? I. The CIP budget refers to facilities planned for the next fiscal year. II. The CIP program refers to improvement scheduled in succeeding 4 to 5 years. III. A CIP budget is part of legally binding 1 year fiscal budget. IV. The CIP program itself does not commit the government body to spend any money. a) I and II b) II and III c) I, II, and III d) All of the above.

Center-of-the-block parks bounded by 2-story SF houses, pedestrian paths to local schools, and nearby shopping centers are all design elements of? a) Grid city design b) Growth management planning c) Greenbelt towns d) Superblock housing

Concerning"honesty" in the use of information, which of the following is TRUE? a) In some situations, planners must not provide full information. b) It is part of the professional conduct to communicate ethical standards to clients, employers, and the public. c) In reporting the results of studies, planners must follow the scholar's rule. d) All of the above.

Financing of improvement in a specific area with bonds that are secured by increases in property taxes is referred to as? a) Special assessments b) Impact fees c) Revenue bonds d) Tax increment financing

Financing of improvements in a specific area with bonds that are secured by increases in property taxes is referred to as? a) Special assessments. b) Impact fees. c) Revenue bonds. d) Tax increment financing.

Fiscal Impact Analysis is a technique used to assess the impact of a proposed project on a community. What happens if costs exceed revenue? a) A portion of the project may be funded under the CIP budget. b) The project may be moified or denied. c) Special development charges may be attached as a condition of approval in order to sufficiently offset costs. d) All of the above.

For parking planning purposes, the typical length of a motor vechicle is ____ feet? a) 12 b) 14 c) 15 d) 17

Historic Registration occurs when an individual site, structure, or district has met National Register of Historic Places criteria and is deemed worthy of preservation. Which of the following might equally qualify an individual site, structure, or district for registration? I. An event. II. Association with a specific person. III. An architectural style. IV. The potential to yield information important to history or prehistory. a) I and III b) II and IV c) IV only d) All of the above

Ian McHarg's "Design with Nature"? a) Became a model for environmental planning b) Influenced a whole generation of local, regional, and state planners. c) Foreshadowed the institutionalization of environmental policy. d) All of the above.

In 1945, the muliplt-nuclei model fpr American urban structure was proposed by? a) F.W. Horton and D.R. Reynolds b) Barry Garner c) Homer Hoyt d) Edward L. Ullmand and Chauncey D. Harris

In 1959, Ian McHarg published? a) The Yosemite b) Site Planning c) The History of the City d) Design with Nature

In the late 1980s many cash-strapped towns in America embraced Native American operated casinos as salvation. By the mid-1990s which of the following was TRUE? I. Americans had gambled away more than 40 billion dollars. II. More than 120 Native American tribes were reaping profits from gambling. III. Special interest groups began battling the gambling industry with court suits and ballot referendums. IV. 24 states had legalized casinos. a) I and II b) II and III c) I, II, and III d) All of the above.

In which landmark case did the court's ruling uphold a restrictive zoning designation on the theory that the low density zoning served "legitimate governmental goals" such as discouraging the premature and unneccessary conversion of open space land to urban uses? a) Southern bulington Co. NAACP v. Township of Mt Laurel (1) (1972) b) Southern Burlington Co. NAACP v. Township of Mt Laurel (2) (1983) c) Nollan v. Calif. Coastal Commission (1987) d) Agins v. City of Tiburon (1980)

In which landmark case did the court's ruling uphold a restrictive zoning designation on the theory that the low density zoning served "legitimate governmental goals" such as discouraging the premature and unnecessary conversion of open space land to urban uses? a) Southern Burlington Co. NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel (1) (1972) b) Southern Burlington Co. NAAcp v. Township of Mt. Laurel (2) (1983) c) Nollan v. Calif. Coastal Commission (1987) d) Agins v. City Tiburon (1980)

In which landmark case did the court's ruling uphold a restrictive zoning designation on the theory that the low density zoning served "legitimate governmental goals" such as discouraging the premature and unnecessary conversion of open space to urban uses? a) Southern Burlington Co. NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel (1) - 1972 b) Sourthern Burlington Co. NAACP v. Township of Mt Laurel (2) - 1983 c) Nollan v. Calif. Coastal Commission - 1987 d) Agins v. City Tiburon - 1980

Includionary Zoning is? a) A redlining technique/ b) A density bonus. c) Zoning that includes special development standards for multiple family developments. d) A positive and active policy and program of a community to attract low and moderate income residents.

Native American tribes referred to as "Non-IRA tribes" are those that? a) Are not recognized by the Department of the Interior b) Are recognized by the Department of the Interior but do not have designated tribal lands. c) Are recognized by the Department of the Interior but are regulated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d) Did not organize under the 1934 Reorganization Act.

Native American tribes referred to as "Non-IRA tribes" are those that? a) Are not recognized by the Department of the Interior. b) Are recognized by the Department of the Interior but do not have designated tribal lands. c) Are recognized by teh Department of the Interior but are regulated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d) Did not organize under the 1934 Reorganization Act

Native American tribes referred to as "Non-IRA tribes" are those that? a) Are not recognized by the Department of the Interior. b) Are recognized by the Department of the Interior but do not have designated tribal lands. c) Are recognized by the Department of the Interior but are regulated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d) Did not organize under the 1934 REorganization Act.

Of the following growth management techniques which would likely be overturned in court if employed for an extended period of time (e.g. 4 years)? a) Building permit caps b) Subdivision phasing c) Large lot zoning d) Building permit moratorium

Of the following growth management techniques which would likely be used to protect water supplies while land within the watershed is being acquired for watershed protection? a) Building permit caps. b) Subdivision phasing. c) Large lot zoning. d) Building permit moratorium.

Of the following growth management techniques which would likely be used to protect water supplies while land within the watershed is being acquired for watershed protections? a) Building permit caps b) Subdivision phasing c) Large lot zoning d) Building permit moratorium

One or more persons occupying a single dwelling unit, provided that all members are relaed by blood or marriage", is the definition of which of the following? a) Household b) Group home c) Single family residential unit d) Family

Permeable deposits directly overlying a sand and gravel aquifer could be considered? a) A watershed b) A confined aquifer c) A tertiary recharge area d) A primary recharge area

Planning managers us a variety of measuring tools to measure both process and results. Which of the following are measuring tools? I. Fishbone diagram. II. Run chart. III. Scatter diagram. IV. Brainstorming. a) I and II b) II and III c) I, II, and IV d) All of the above

Planning managers use a variety of measuring tools to measure both process and results. Which of the following are measuring tools? I. Fishbone diagram II. Run chart III. Scatter diagram IV. Brainstorming

Planning pioneer Clarence Perry presented the "Neighborhood Unit Principle" in the 1929 publication? a) Housing and the Mechanic Age b) Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform c) The Culture of Cities d) Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs

Roadway delays per vehicle between 40 and 60 seconds would define a Level of Service of? a) LOS A b) LOS C c) LOS D d) LOS E

Roadway delays per vehicle between 40 and 60 seconds would define a Level of Service of? a) LOS A b) LOS C c) LOS D d) LOS F

Solving problems examining trends and patterns in GIS is performed by? I. Using a query function II. The vector function III. Layering IV. Geo-coding data a) I only b) I and IV c) II and IV d) II and III

The New York Tenement House Law was enacted in 1879. Which of the following were important requirements of the new law? I Each unit had to have a kitchen II The buildings were to be constructed with narrow air shafts for ventilation. III Walls in the living quarters had to be painted. IV Two toilets had to be provided on each floor. a) I and III b) I and II c) II and III d) II and IV

The Planning Commission is an administrative/legislative body that is appointed by such boards as a City Council or County Supervisors and charged with? a) PArticipating in development of a General Plan. b) Administration of the Zoning Ordinance. c) Review of entitlement applications. d) All of the above.

The Planning Commission is an administrative/legislative body that is appointed by such boards as a City Council or County Supervisors and charged with? a) Participating in development of a General Plan. b) Administration of the Zoning Ordinance. c) Review of entitlement applications. d) All of the above.

The designation of historic districts allows for? a) Tax increment financing. b) Urban renewal. c) The formation of a redevelopment district. d) Historic Preservation.

The most outstanding example of suburban development undertaken during the FIRST period of suburbanization in the US is? a) Pullman, IL b) Reverhead, IL c) Lake Forest, IL d) Riverside, IL

The planning approach to budgeting has which of the following characteristics? I. Government operations are defined by their objectives. II. The budget is organized by programs. III. The emphasis is on budget decision making rather than on administration. IV. Planner's salaries are fully compensated by entitlement processing fees. a) I and II b) I and III c) II and IV d) I, II, and III

The term "bordering land subject to flooding" refers to? a) The area which floods from a rise in a bordering waterway or water body. b) The area that provides a temporary storage area for flood waters. c) The area which provides protection from storm damage prevention. d) All of the above.

Traditionally the acreage needed for a new high school has been which of the following? a) 10 acres plus 2 acres for each 1000 students. b) 20 acres plus 1 acre for each 100 students. c) 30 acres plus 1 acre for each 100 students. d) 40 acres plus 1/2 acre for each 100 students.

What are the principle advantages of the NAICS codes over the SIC codes they replaced? a) Relevancey - NAICS is more relevant in today's economy. It identified over 350 new idustries and 9 new service industry sectors. b) Consistency - NAICS uses a consistent classification priniciple. Businesses that use similar production processes are grouped together. c) Comparability - NAICS is used by the US, Canada, and Mexico to produce comparable data. d) All of the above.

What are the principle advantages of the NAICS codes over the SIC codes they replaced? a) Relevancy - NAICS is more relevant to today's economy. The identified over 350 new industries and 9 new service industry sectors. b) Consistency - NAICS uses a consistent classification principle. Businesses that use similar production processes are grouped together. c) Comparability - NAICS is used by the US, Canada, and Mexico to produce comparable data. d) All of the above.

What is satisficing? a) A term meaning that an applicant is satisfied with the approval of his project. b) Accepting policy options short of maximizing goal attainment. c) Accepting policy options short to attaining 100% consensus. d) Both B and C

What was the major theme is the book, "The Use of Land: A Citizens Policy Guide to Urban Growth" (1973)? a) Citizen participation in planning. b) Visioning and advance planning. c) Affordable housing. d) The vision of more equitable and environmentally sensitive development.

Which is the basic purpose of subdivision law? a) It is a growth management tool. b) It regulates the process by which lots are created out of larger tracts. c) It regulates site design and relationships. d) B and C

Which noted planning pioneer made the following statement: "Historically, public opinion has favored development almost irrespective of the cost to the environment. Our laws and institutions...reflect a pro-development bias"? a) Ian McHarg b) Saul Alinsky c) Richard Babcock d) Kevin Lynch

Which of the following are among the performance standards required to obtain a special permit in the Town of Ramapo? a) Public sanitary sewers or an approved substitute. b) Drainage facilities, improved public parks. c) Accessibility to state, county, or town roads. d) All of the above.

Which of the following are functions of a city plan? I. The plan is an expression of what a community wants. II. The plan serves as a guide to decision making. III. It represents the fulfillment of a legal requirement. IV. It serves as the basis for code enforcement actions. a) I and II b) II and III c) I, II and IV d) I, II, and III

Which of the following are functions of a city plan? I. The plan is an expression of what a community wants. II. The plan serves as a guide to decision making. III. It represents the fulfillment of a legal requirement. IV. It serves as the basis for code enforcement. a) I and II b) II and III c) 1, II, and IV d) 1, II, and III

Which of the following contribute to the provision of affordable housing? a) Section 8 grants b) Density bonus ordinances c) Construction of government subsidized apartments d) All of the above

Which of the following determines the sizing of an infrastructure network? a) The ultimate extent of the service area. b) The projected population of the service area. c) The projected per capita service level requirements. d) All of the above.

UGB

Urban Growth Boundary is the most effective method for preventing development in specified geographic areas.

Delphi technique

Used to develop consensus between two or more groups that are in conflict. Develop goals & objectives. Group facilitation skills.

What are subdivision regulations?

Used to divide land into two or more parcels and regulate the location and design of supporting infrastructure

Fiscal Impact Analysis

Used to estimate the costs and revenues of a proposed development on a local government.

Phone/Oral Interview Surveys

Useful for yes/no answers. Allows follow up on answers. Response rate varies greatly. Expensive method because of the time to complete. Can be biased by interaction with the interviewer. Difcult to use long questions and multiple answers w/ this method.

Symptomatic Method

Uses available data to estimate the current population.

Cohort Survival Method

Uses the current population plus natural increase and net migration to calculate a future population. The population is calculated for men and women in specific age groups.

Linear Method

Uses the rate of growth (or decline) in population over a period of time to estimate the current or future population.

Step-Down Ratio Method

Uses the ratio between the population of a city and a county (or larger geographical unit) at a known point in time, such as the decennial census. This ratio is used to project the current or future population.

Solve Societys ills through physical planning, "Visionary", ie. Corbusiers "Contemporary City", Howards "Garden City", Burnhams "White City", Wrights "Broadacre City".

Utopianism

Measure of how spread out a distribution is. Computed as average squared deviation of each number from its mean.

Variance

Adjusted Per Capita Method

Varries fiscal impact based on expectations about the new development. Type of Fiscal Impact Analysis

What was the theme of the book, "The Use of Land: A Citizens Guide to Urban Growth"?

Vision of a more equitable and environmentally sensitive development.

What book did Alfred Reins write? when? whis is it improtant?

With Heritage So Rich edited by Alfred Reins, published in 1966. This is a seminal book in historic preservation.

Is a planner who receives a charge of misconduct allowed legal representation?

Yes, either when a prelimanry respsonse is requested or at any later point in the procedure.

What is ZBB

Zero Based Budgeting. It is a budget process which assumes that the baseline budget each fiscal cycle is zero.

Criteria used for the implementation of a tax:

fairness, certainty, convenience, efficiency, productivity, and neutrality

An operating budget includes:

the everyday expenditures of an organization, such as supplies, personnel, and maintenance of office space

What are the two most important characteristics of the New York Tenement House Law?

*Buildings were to be constructed with a narrow air shaft for ventilation. *2 toilets were to be provided for each floor.

Who was Alfred Bettman? What were his positions? What did he influence? What did he play a key role in?

*Cincinatti Lawyer & 1st President of the American Society of Planning Officials *Planning Law *Played key role in Cincinatti Plan - 1925; Euclid v. Amber (1926)

Neighborhood Concept Who is behind it? What are its elements? When and where was it first built? What period of planning development would it dominate?

*Clarence Perry *Basic building block of a city. Elementary school in center & was bounded by main roads at its perimeter. Center to perimeter was walkable distance for a child. No industrial or commercial in the unit. *1910 - Forest Hills Gardens - 1st American test of the neighborhood unit concept. *Post-WWII development.

Who is Saul Alinsky? What position did he hold? What organization did found? What did he do?

*Criminologist *"Back of the Yards" advocacy organization. *Community organizer in Chicago slums.

Who is Ian McHarg? What is he known as? What book did he write?

*Father of modern environmental policy. *Design with Nature

Who is Paul Davidoff? What did he found? What is he known for?

*Founded the Suburban Action Institute Suburban Action Institute in 1969 whose members challenged exclusionary zoning in the courts winning the Mt Laurel case. *Developed the concept of Advocacy Planning.

Who is Unwin? What did he influence? What did he develop?

*Garden City Movement *1st Comprehensive Suburban Neighborhood Design - Hampstead Garden Suburb (1907)

Contemporary City Who designed it? What theory does it adhere to? What are its goals? Who promoted it?

*LeCorbusier *Utopianism *Specific goals are clearly and powerfully stated. *Promoted by a single individual.

"The Father of American Zoning"

Attorney Edward Murray Bassett (1863-1948, age 84-85) was one of the founding fathers of modern day urban planning. Bassett wrote the first comprehensive zoning ordinance in the United States, adopted by New York City in 1916.

ADT

Average Daily Traffic

An urban area defined as depressed and made eligible for special government assistance for economic development in the form of tax breaks and subsidies is? a) Enterprise zone. b) Empowerment zone. c) Economic development zone.

CBD is the acronym for? a) Central Business Department b) Central Business District c) Central Bureau of Determination d) Central Business Division

Former President Richard Nixon created which agency in 1970? a) The National Child Protection Agency b) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) c) The California Environmental Quality Act d) Watergate National Archives Agency

Published in 1979. the so-called yellow book is? a) A publication of radical planning thought. b) A cookbook for park and open space standards. c) Published by the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA). d) B and C

Legislation passed by the state legislature authorizing cities, towns, and villages to carry out functions in the public interest.

Enabling Act

Concentric Circle Theory

Ernest Burgess (1925). Cities grow in a series of outward rings. Centered by a business district surrounded by a transition zone filled with low-income, high-crime area, then a working-class residential zone, then a middle-class residential zone, and fina

Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) program

Established 1977 to help distressed communities develop economically. facilitates public-private partnerships,attempts to encourage redevelopment in urban areas and encouraged intergovernmental cooperation for redevelopment projects

Use of info or current data symptomatic of what is being studied- ie sampling

Estimate

Disaggregated Per Capita Method

Estimates the costs and revenues based on major land uses. Type of Fiscal Impact Analysis

What is the benefit of a fiscal impact analysis

Estimates the difference between the costs of providing services to a new development and the revenues￢ﾀﾔtaxes and user fees, for example￢ﾀﾔthat will be generated by the development.

Operating Budget

Everyday expenditures for salaries, supplies, and maintenance.

A contribution or payment required as an authorized precondition for receiving a development permit.

Exaction

First federal revenue sharing program.

Federal - 1972

established to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970)

Federal Environmental Protection Agency - 1970

What is a shift-share study?

Land use study that evaluates the shift in a given issue's share (ie: population/employment) from one area to another.

A region's percentage share of a particular activity with its percentage share of the local versus National Market.

Location Quotient

Method determines level of basic sector employment by comparing local economy to economy of larger geographic region, State or country.

Location Quotient

The location quotient (LQ) is an index for comparing an area's share of a particular activity with the area's share of some basic or aggregate phenomenon.

Location quotient

Common citizen surveys

Mailed-inexpensive but slow, telephone-fast,cheaper but some no phone & must have interviewers, in-person-works well but very expensive & could be bias.

What two management principles deal with a hierachy of needs?

Maslow & ERG

Visual Preference Survey

a technique that can be used to assist citizens in evaluating physical images of natural and built environments.

Municipal Financing Methods

lease purchase- special assessments- special districts- state & federal grants- tax increment financing.

Economic Base Analysis

looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, while non-basic activities are those that are locally oriented. The exporting (basic) industries make up the economic base of a region.

The Land Ordinance of 1785

provided for rectangular land survey of Old Northwest.completed following the end of the Revolutionary War.provided systematic way to divide and distribute land to the public.established sections and townships.goal to raise money through the sale of land

American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) founded

1934 - (Alfred Bettman, is the first president).

Sherry Arnstein

wrote ￢ﾀﾜA Ladder of Citizen Participation￢ﾀﾝ for the Journal of the American Planning Association in 1969. This article describes the levels of involvement by citizens depending on the form of participation utilized.

Anti-urban, agarian, predicated on: sacredness of nature, inherent immorality of the city, & return to pre-industrial village.

Garden City ((1920s in US)

Lethchworth, England 1903-20, Welwyn England 1919-34, Radburn New Jersey 1928

Garden City ((1920s in US)

Influenced by Howard's cities & Ray Unwin's "Hampstead Gardens" (1907). 1st compr suburban neighborhood design, planning & physical design of residential with spatial open, lush green, parks, shopping, schools.

Garden City (1920s in US)

Most comprehensive approach to project eval. Shows anticipated attainment of projects goal and assignment of accomplishing goal to a group.

Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM)

This 1915 zoning case involved the operation of a brickyard within metropolitan Los Angeles. Name it. a) Hadacheck v. Sebastian b) Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. c) Jones v. Los Angeles d) Nectow v. Cambridge

Transect

A term used by New Urbanist town planners to refer to the varieties of land use from an urban core to a rural boundary.

Standard City Planning and Enabling Act When was it enacted? What Department? What Government Official? What Planner?

*1928 *US Dept of Commerce *Secretary Herbert Hoover *Frederick Law Olmsted Sr.

Who is Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. What position did he hold? What did he design? What did he shape?

*1st President of the American City Planning Institute. *Forest Hills Gardens & Palos Verdes Estates. *Helped shape the Standard Enabling Act,

Began with Columbian Expo at Chicago worlds fair in 1893, White City, 1st US example of great group of bldgs. designed in relation to each other and to surrounding open space.

City Beautiful (1900-1920s)

All Written opinions endorsed by the Commission or by the Ethics Committee are published. What is omitted from the publication?

Actual Names and Places, unless authorized by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the Commission or in writing by the respondent.

Community Development Block Grants

Administered by HUD on formula basis for entitlement communities and by State Dept of Hsg & Community Development (HCD) for non-entitlement jurisdictions. Came about after Housing & Community Development Act of 1974.

Which state was the first to pass enabling legislation and which City was the first to use land use zoning to guide development? What year?

1909 - Wisconsin was the first state to pass enabling legislation and Los Angeles was the first city to use land use zoning to guide development.

Strategic Plan should address major questions:

1. What is the current situation and how is it going to change? 2. Where are we going as an org? 3. How will we get there?

single-family residential

10 Vehicle Trips per Unit

Poverty Rate

12.6 percent (increased for 4 years from 2000 - 2004)

What year was the 1st tenement housing built in Manhattan?

1855

Homestead Act opened the lands of the Public Domain to settlers for a nominal fee and five years residence.

1862

The planning director of a moderate-size town is developing a twon-wide survey on opinions relating to growth and open space preservation. She has decided to conduct the survey by interviewing on a random basis, 1% of the town's population. In general, how effective will her survey be in eliciting responses? a) Good b) Moderate c) Poor

The primary purpose of the census, as indicated in the US Constitution is to provide the basis for? a) Fair apportionment among the states of seats in the US House of REpresentatives. b) The distribution of federal funds to state and local governments. c) The distribution of state funds to local governments. d) The fair apportionment among the states of seats in the US Senate.

planned unit developments

8 Vehicle Trips per Unit

The statement: "a public corporation or authority created by the state to carry out a function of the state is not bound by local zoning regulation" refers to? a) State immunity from local zoning. b) Dillon's rule. c) Federal constitutional requirements exempting state government from local regulation. d) Kroll's rule.

Zero Lot Line

A form of development where the the building is sited on one or more lot lines with no yard, the intent of which is to allow a more flexible site design and to increase the amount of usable open space.

American Institute of Planners (AIP) and American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) merge into (APA).

APA - 1978

Reserve funds

Accumulation of funds for future capital improvements

What was the Public Health Movement?

Advocated worker safety and public health as a result of poor factory conditions. Also addressed slum living conditions marked by open sewage in the streets & disease.

Roadway delays per vehicle between 15 and 25 seconds would have a level of service of? a) LOS A b) LOS C c) LOS D d) LOS E

Which of the following is the MOST IMPORTANT element in a customer service program? a) An emphsis on people. b) Staff expertise and training. c) Identification of customers. d) An objective for continuous improvement.

Roadway delays per vehicle between 40 and 60 seconds would define a Level of Servic of? a) LOS A b) LOS C c) LOS D d) LOS E

Important elements of a Historic Preservation Program

Educational materials for historic building owners, design guidelines for historic building renovations and Tax incentives to encourage renovation

Electronic town meeting

Electronic tool used to gather public feedback on the WTC proposals

Community Development Block Grants

Eliminates blight, slums, health & safety issues,provide decent home to evey family, rational use of land, reduce isolation of income groups, economic opportunity for low and moderate income, Cities with 50,000 pn+, low & moderate pn, prepare a HAP

Who does a planner owe diligent, creative independent and competent performance to?

Employer or Client

Transportation Demand Management (TDM)

General term used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation. (car sharing, flextime, public transit, park-n-ride, HOV lanes, & telecomuting.

Who wrote "City Slums"?

Jacob Riis

Steady flow of traffic with only slight delays in travel. Some limitations on speed and movement. All vehicles clear light in a single cycle.

Level of Service B

Line-Item Budget looks at ________ year(s) and is not linked to:

ONE, strategic, comprehensive, or capital improvement plans.

First statewide citizens organization in support of planning - Ohio Planning Conference.

Ohio - 1919

A formal advisory ruling request on the propriety of any professional planner￢ﾀﾙs conduct must be submitted in writing to whom?

Only the Ethics Officer

Ethical principles 1. The planning process must continuously _______and faithfully ______the public interest.

Pursue- Serve

Planning that does not work, i.e. allow neighborhood to take over planning functions.

Radical Planning

Subjects have equal chance of being assigned to treatment group or control group-purely by chance.

Randomization

What level does corridor transportation planning typically occur at?

Regional level

First public subsidy for housing

State of New York - 1925

Regression

The analysis between two or more variables (x) and (y).

What event propelled the City Beautiful Movement? Year?

The design of the World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago World's Fair), nicknamed the "White City", in 1893.

Net Migration

The difference between the number of people moving in and the number of people moving out.

Ebenezer Howard

Tomorrow A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, start of Garden City movement, 1898; 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow.

Basic Economic Activites

Those that can be exported, while non-basic activities are those that are locally oriented. The exporting industries make up the economic base of a region.

Disadvantages of PPBS

Time consuming, requires goals and objectives to be stated in measurable terms

When and where was the first City Planning Conference?

1909 - Washington DC

What book was the first known formal instruction in city planning below the college level? When was it published and who was the author?

1912 - Wackers Manual of the Plan of Chicago - Walter Moody

First private planning consulting firm, created in N.Y.C. by George B. Ford and Earnest P. Goodrich (Technical Advisory Corporation).

1913 - firm

What is Euclidean zoning?

Based on court case Village of Euclid vs. Ambler Realty Company defends government's right to use zoning. Specifies separate use for each district and intensity. Does not allow for mixed use. This kind of zoning blamed fro sprawl because large areas are devoted to a single use.

U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Washington, D.C. Redev Land Agency to condemn properties that are unsightly to achieve objectives of redevelopment plan

Berman v. Parker - 1954

Fiscal impact analysis

Best used for a single development project to determine the revenues and expenses of the project.

To plan a new library facility, it is important to know which of the following? a) The kind and level of service the library will provide. b) The long range plan goals and objectives of the library. c) The population to be served. d) All of the above.

"Potentially responsible parties" (RPAs) is a term in which federal environmental law? a) Big Trees Preservation Act b) Clean Air Act c) Fairy Shrimp Protection Act d) Supe Fund (CERCLA)

Symptomatic indicators

Data series such as building permits that are reflective of population change and can be used in developing current population estimates

Nominal data

Data that is classified into mutually exclusive groups that lack intrinsic order. Race and sex are examples of nominal data. Mode is the only measure of central tendency that can be used for this data type.

Ordinal data

Data values are ordered so that inferences can be made regarding magnitude, but have no fixed interval between values. educational attainment or a letter grade on a test. Mode and median are the only measures of central tendency that can be used.

Who wrote design with nature? when? what is it about?

Design with Nature by Ian McHarg, published in 1969. This book focuses on conservation design.

Home Owners Loan Corporation established to save homeowners facing loss through foreclosure.

Federal Housing - 1933

Who created the first metropolitan regional plan? What City was it completed for and what year was it completed?

In 1909, Daniel Burnham created the first metropolitan regional plan for Chicago.

Carrying Out the City Plan - Who wrote it, why is it important, and when was it written

In 1914, Flavel Shurtleff wrote Carrying Out the City Plan, the first major textbook on city planning.

Standard City Planning Enabling Act.

U.S. Department of Commerce under Secretary Herbert Hoover - 1928

first comprehensive zoning ordinance

NYC 1916

Major amenities, large open spaces, high quality physical design. 75,000 pop cluster plan in 7 villages (10,000 ea). Satellite cities rather than uncontrolled sprawl. 6,810 acres 22% open space-detached townhomes, apts.

New Towns: Reston, VA (1960s)

What was the 1st group to push for higher sanitary and housing standards in NYC? Year?

New York Council Hygiene of the Citizen's Association in 1864

Highest population density according to the 2000

New York has a population density of 10,292 people per kilometer. San Francisco has a density of 6,423 per kilometer.

Is sexual harassment specifically cover by the AICP code of conduct?

Probability of distribution that is symmetrical around the mean. A BELL CURVE.

Normal Distribution

AICP Code Section B

Our Rules of Conduct

All communications with the Executive Director regarding specific ethical situations should occur using which methods of communication?

Phone and/or Letters

Who designed Washington DC?

Pierre Charles L'Enfant

Give money to develop businesses in a certain location.

Place-Related Programs (Carter) Federal fundiing 1960s

Lease Purchase

Private developer pays for capital improvement and municipality "rents-to-own"

PERT stands for:

Program Evaluationand Review Techinique

PPBS includes:

Program mission statements, objectives, and indicators of success.

"what If" about future if assumptions prove true (IF)

Projection

Ordinance of 1785

Provided for the rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest. "the largest single act of national planning in our history"

e-Government

Refers to government￢ﾀﾙs use of information and communication technology (ICT) to exchange information and services with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

Null hypothesis

Relationship makes no difference relationship has resulted from random chance.

Edge City

Relatively new concentration of business, shopping and entertainment outside a traditional urban area, in what had recently been a residential suburb or semi-rural community, coined by Joel Garreau (1991)

Special Tax/Revenue Bonds

Repaid from earmarked taxes or user charges

General Obligation Bonds

Repaid from general taxes

Private Activity Bonds

Repaid with receipts from private firm

If the Ethics Committee determines that the Ethics Officer has demonstrated that the Rules of Conduct have been violated, it shall also determine the appropriate sanction (3 options):

Reprimand, suspension, or expulsion.

Two cities attract retail trade from any mid-sized town in direct proportion to population of 2 cities and in inverse proportion to the square of the distances from these 2 cities from the mid-sized town.

Retail Gravitational Law (by W.J. Reilly)

The most outstanding example of suburban development during the First perido (1860-1870) of suburbanization took place where?

Riverside, Illinois

Who replaced Daniel Burnham as lead person on city planning in the 1920s?

Robert Moses

Who was the most significant contributor in shaping the New York Region with 400 miles of parkways (Triborough Bridge and Jones Beach?

Robert Moses

USGS topographic map

Scales = uses 1:24,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:100,000, 1:250,000

Small Scale Map

Shows a large land area with little detail.

every Xth individual selected form list, starting randomly chosen point

Systematic (probability sampling)

What is the "White City"? Who designed it? When?

The World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago World's Fair). Daniel Burnham was a principal designer. The Exposition was held in 1893 (400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World).

Christopher Stone's 1972 book Should Trees Have Standing

The book discusses the Sierra Club v. Morton, Secretary of the Interior (1972) case where the Sierra Club attempted to block the development of a ski resort in the Mineral King Valley in the Sequoia National Forest.

What is the Baltimore Plan?

The cleaning up of various cities in the 1950s.

The National Scenic Byways Program is a...?

US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration program developed in 1992

First major federal legislative commitment to public housing

US Housing Act of 1937

Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)

Was adopted in 1972 to provides funding for coastal state programs designed to coordinate and regulate specific activities within defined coastal zones

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR )

Uses a laser, instead of radio waves, that is mounted in an airplane to provide detailed topographic information.

Which of the following are typical goals of a site plan review ordinance? a) Protection of adjacent uses from nuisance. b) Preservation of on-site natural features. c) Provision for adequate parking and loading facilities. d) All of the above.

Which of the following data sources could be used in an economic base study? a) Population and housing data. b) Employment data c) Income data. d) All of the above.

Utilize quantitative methods to analyze impact on the community- ie economic base theory, location quotient, shift-share, etc.

Economic Development Plans

Developing and financing facilities that help capture business is a goal of?

Economic Development Programs

Zone with tax breads for new investment are offered - tax reductions, direct grants, waiving land use requirements.

Enterprize zone

Variance

Planning Process to add a built addition

restaurant

Range of Parking Needed: 5:1000 to 25:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area)

Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Purpose

Reduce the loss of life and property due to natural disasters and to enable mitigation measures to be implemented during the immediate recovery from a disaster.

Greenbelt towns were built by?

Resettlement Administration of the US Dept of Agriculture in the 1930s.

The new town of Columbia, MD was designed with which features?

*Neighborhood clusters *Prior land assembly

Who is Lewis Mumford? What did he influence? What book did he author? What was he a member of? What was he a critic of?

*Sunnyside Gardens, NY & Radburn, NJ *The Culture of Cities *Regional Planning Association of America *Outspoken critic of the Regional Plan of NY

What are the 3 key elements of a DELPHI study

1) structure of information flow (surveys, respondents, & project manager) 2)feedback loop 3) participant anonymity and expertise

The Ethics Officer with or without an investigation may do which two things?

1. Dismiss the charge- 2. Issue a complaint against the respondent

First state court support of ordinance/act restricting heights of buildings

1899

U.S. Dept of Commerce under Secretary Herbert Hoover issues Standard State Zoning Enabling Act.

1924 - Federal

Serviceman's Readjustment Act

1944 commonly known as the GI Bill, guaranteed home loans to veterans. The result was the rapid development of suburbs.

A centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" program

1966 - Demonstration Cities & Metropolitan Devl Act "model cities" program, an attack on urban blight & poverty

Growth management tools and techniques influence all of the following aspects of growth EXCEPT? a) Types of commercial development. b) Timing c) Density d) Cost of growth

If an industry has a location quotient of 2.00 which of the following is TRUE? a) It exports employment. b) It imports employment. c) It is experiencing unemployment. d) It has twice as many jobs as employees.

If an industry has a location quotient of 2.00 which of the following is TRUE? a) It exports employment. b) It imports emplyment. c) It is experiencing unemployment. d) It has twice as many jobs as employees.

Of the following, which is the most appropriate entitlement to waive the frontage requirements for a lot located on an isolated hillside? a) Variance b) Special permit c) Cluster zoning d) Rezoning

Of the following, which is the most appropriate entitlement to waive the frontage requirements for lot located on an isolated hillside? a) Variance b) Special permit c) Cluster Zoning d) Rezoning

St. Louis, Pittsburgh, and Louisville were all? a) Founded on rivers. b) Ceded to the US by Spain. c) Industrial cities.

The soils above a water table are known as the? a) Confined layer. b) Unconfined aquifer. c) Zone of aeration. d) Aquifer deposits.

Anti-New Deal; reduced fed spending, privatization, deregulation, phase-out of aids to planning/programs

"Reagan Revolution" - 1980

Paul Davidoff What concept did he develop? What kind of planner was he? What legal case did he win?

*Advocacy planning. *Advocacy planner. *Mt Laurel - inclusionary zoning.

National Housing Act. Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages.

Federal Housing - 1934

First U.S. federal housing subsidy program

Federal housing - 1961

U.S. Supreme Court finds that even a temporary taking requires compensation.

First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles - 1987

A central component of the 1985 Phoenix General Plan is the concept of? a) Urban sprawl b) Rural residential subdivision c) Growth management and moratoriums on new development d) Urban villages

"Amortization" as it applies to zoning practice refers to? a) The prohibition of expanding non-conforming uses. b) The determination of the remaining useful life of a pre-existing non- conforming use. c) The purchase of property for public use. d) Eminent domain.

Experts estimate that the amount of farmland that is being lost every minute in the US is about ____ acres? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

GAM

Chart that shows the anticipated attainment of a project's goals and the assignment of accomplishing a goal to a group

The National Trust for Historic Preservation

Created and chartered by Congress - 1949

Baby Boomers

People born between 1946 and 1964.

Explain the significance of the Garden City Movement. Name the 1st 2 cities.

Ebenezer Howard's city design which extolled the virtue of nature over cities and sought a return to pre-industrial small villages. Letchworth & Welwyn.

Gross density includes? a) Streets b) Schools c) Parks d) All of the above.

PERT and CPM work when?

A project is of a large scale. Using software.

a critique of planning and planners - 1961

The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs

Variance

The average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution.

What is a DELPHI study

An analysis technique that utilizes surveys & anonymous experts

Radburn new town is located in? a) New York b) Main c) Texas d) New Jersey

Council of Government movement (COG's)

Detroit area, 1954

43,560

Square feet in an acre.

apartments & condos

6 Vehicle Trips per Unit

"Cities in Evolution" was writeen by? a) Patrick Geddes b) Ebenezer Howard c) Clarence Perry d) Patick Gilles

"Power is the basis for successfully negotiating for economic and political gains. Neighborhoods have to disrupt normal activity. This is accomplished through such things as pickets and marches." Referes to? a) Alinsky's Organizations b) Charette c) Citizen Referendum d) Delphi Method

"This is not a case where the owner is prevented from using his land for natural and indigenous uses" is a quote likely to be found in court cases involving? a) Takings b) Cluster zoning. c) Performance zoning. d) Voluntary easements.

A county planner leaves the public sector to become a consultant. How long should she wait before representing a private client in any action before the county she may have influenced before leaving public employment. The planner is a member of AICP. a) 1 year b) 2 years c) 3 years d) Never

A county planner leaves the public sector to become a conultant. How long should she wait before representing a private client in any action before the county she may have influenced before leaving public employment. The planner is a memeber of AICP. a) 1 year b) 2 years c) 3 years d) Never

A floodplain is BEST described as? a) An area that experiences surface flooding during storms. b) The land area that provides surface recharge to surface systems. c) An area that contains an abundance of wetland plants. d) The land that buffers wetlands during coastal storms.

A floodplain is BEST described as? a) An area that experiences surface flooding during storms. b) The land that provides surface recharge to surface systems. c) An area that contains an abundance of wetland plants. d) The land that buffers wetlands during coastal storms.

Set of data with which treatment group is compared.

Control

Of the following techniques for preserving agricultural land, which would be the MOST effective? a) Transfer of Development Rights. b) No growth policy. c) Building permit moratorium. d) Righ to farm ordinance.

Of the following, which is the most appropriate to regulate the development of a new landfill? a) Variance b) Special permit c) Cluster zoning d) Rezoning

The "Great Society" was a program that originated during the ____ administration? a) Kennedy b) Johnson c) Nixon d) Bush

What was Eubank v. City of Richmond; U.S. Supreme Court (1912)?

The Court first approved the use of setback regulations, although it overturned the setbacks in this case.

What is a zoning ordinance?

A legal document used to divide the community, regulate land use and intensity. Has both a map and text.

A two-way aisle for a parking lot would typically be ____ feet wide? a) 18-20 b) 24-26 c) 28-30 d) 30-32

A correlation of +100 indicates? a) The 100th percentile b) A positive number. c) A maximum positive correlation. d) All of the above.

Which city had the first metropolitan plan in the United States?

Chicago

Computer mapping system that produces multiple "layers" of graphic information about a community or region.

GIS

Poverty thresholds

Used for calculating all official poverty population statistics

Urban Reserve Boundaries

define land outside UGB which free for development should UGB expand.

What type of zoning is equal protection applied to?

exclusionary zoning

Level of Service

the ability of a road or street to accommodate traffic flow determines the level of service provided. Free flowing

Strategic Planning

used to assist in guiding the future. Sets goals, objectives, and policies for reaching objectives.

A method of assessing project alternatives by weighting alternatives according to citizen goals is called? a) Goals-Achievement Matrix b) Delphi method c) GAM d) A and C

A scatter diagram is a useful aid in? a) Regression and correlation analysis. b) Solving a polynomial equation. c) Constructing a bar graph. d) Solving a linear programming problem.

What is the difference between an aerial photograph and an orthophoto?

1.A conventional perspective aerial photograph contains image displacements caused by the tilting of the camera and terrain relief (topography). It does not have a uniform scale. You cannot measure distances on an aerial photograph like you can on a map. It is not a map. 2.The effects of tilt and relief are removed from the aerial photograph by the rectification process to create an orthophoto. 3.An orthophoto is a uniform-scale photograph. It is a photographic map. 4.Since an orthophoto has a uniform scale, it is possible to measure directly on it like other maps. 5.An orthophoto may serve as a base map onto which other map information may be overlaid.

Due process can be applied to takings, eminent domain, and exactions. What amendment?

14th Amendment

Homestead Act

1862-Lincoln-provided 160 acres land to settlers for $18 and guaranteed five years of residence.resulted in settlement of 270 million acres,10 percent of the land area of the USA.Mass farming led to creation of the dust bowl.Ended in 1976(1986 Alaska)

Dumbell tenement, NYC, notorious for the poor living conditions it imposed on its denizens (lack of light, air, space).

1879

First Year USGS topographic map produced

1879

When was the 1st US Geological Survey Completed?

1879

Building of Pullman, Illinois, model industrial town by George Pullman.

1880 - 1884

General Land Law Revision Act

1891 was passed by Congress. This Act provided the President of the United States with the power to create forest preserves by proclamation.one of the earliest preservation efforts. Yellowstone Park was granted as part of this act

Columbian Expo in Chicago - 400th anniv of the New World. Source of the City Beautiful Movement and urban planning profession.

1893

Forest Management Act,

1897 allowed the Secretary of the Interior to manage forest preserves. the regulated harvesting of timber, mining of mineral resources, and use of water on forest reservations may be permitted by the Secretary of the Interior.

The McMillan Plan

1901 - City Beautiful design is the McMillan Plan of 1901 for Washington D.C.

What was the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act?

1926 legislation that established the right for comprehensive planning.

First U.S. National Planning Board created

1933 (abolished as the National Resources Planning Board in 1943).

The Ethics Officer will respond to requests for formal or informal advice within

21 days

Storm sewers are typically designed to handle up to what year flood?

Lowering a thermostat by 1 degree Fahrenheit can reduce a heating bill by

retirement homes

3.5 Vehicle Trips per Unit

This applies in cases of takings and eminent domain- just compensation for takings. What amendment

5th amendment

What is a flood map and who makes them?

A flood insurance rate map aka flood map shows land that has a 1% + chance of flooding in any given year. FEMA makes these maps.

Megalopolis

A many-centered, multi-city, urban area of more than 10 million inhabitants, generally dominated by low-density settlement and complex networks of economic specialization.

Flood Plain Map

A map that shows the vulnerability of a flood according to the 100 year flood

Topographical map

A map that uses contour lines to portray the shape and elevation of the land. Topographic maps render the three-dimensional ups and downs of the terrain on a two-dimensional surface

Purchase of Development Rights (PDR)

A method for protecting land, where a landowner voluntarily sells his development rights to a governmental agency or a land trust. The land owner is paid the difference between the current value of the land and the land￢ﾀﾙs potential development value.

Objective

A more specific and attainable statement.

The late 19th Century photojournalist, Jacob Riis, authored which of the following books? I. City Slums II. How the Other Half Lives III.New Towns IV. Childeren of the Poor a) II and IV b) 1 and II c) II znd III d) III and IV

A or B

Green Belt

A policy or land use designation used in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighbouring urban areas.

Housing Unit Method (HUM)

A process of using housing data for population projections

Visioning

A process whereby citizens attend a series of meetings that provide the opportunity to offer input on how the community could be in the future.

What is a conditional use (aka exception or special use)?

A use not at allowed by right requiring a a public hearing to approve and a Conditional Use Permit. CUP states specific standards that applicant must meet. Used to modify development regulations

What is an urban growth barrier?

An urban growth boundary, or UGB, is a line drawn to separate urban areas from rural areas. It is used to control urban sprawl by mandating that the area inside the boundary be used for higher density (urban) development and the area outside be used for lower density (rural) development. Public infrastructure is NOT extended beyond UGB. Oregon Land Use Act 1973 created the first UGB's which was enough land to to support development for 20 years

Shift-Share Analysis

Analyzes a local economy in comparison with a larger economy. This analysis looks at the differential shift, proportional shift, and economic growth.

Who may file a charge of misconduct against a Certified Planner?

Any person, whether or not an AICP member

A zoning board of appeals has apellate jursidiction to review determinations of the zoning enforcement officer. Land use decisions of ZBA's, Planning Boards, and local legislature maybe appealed to the courts.

Applellate Jursidiction

Constant share technique

Assumes that the portion of a sample's type (people, age, occupation, animal, etc..) in a given population/area will remain same over time

The "Neighborhood Unit" concept is attributed to? a) Kevin Lynch b) Clarench Perry c) Ian McHarf c) Lewis Mumford

A new wave of criminal activity is sweeping the community and costing the tax-payers millions in police services, court fees, and long-term housing of criminals in jails. The Board of Supervisors has decided to spend money on public education programs to educate the citizenry in crime prevention, the evils of drug and alcohol abuse, and the advantages of living clean. In addition, the Board has allocated a large portion of the budget for drug addict and alcohol rehabilitation. Weighing all things, the Board is gambling that over time, the great expenditure of monies to prevent crime will not only improve the quality of life in the community, but will also save the tax-payers millions in the long run since less crimes will take place and fewer persons will be warehoused in prisons. Which cost analysis techniques did the Board utilize in making this decision? a) Cost-effectiveness Analysis b) Cost-benefit Analysis c) Cost-revenue Analysis

A property that selects a statistical sample of a large population will always? a) Reduce the amount of effort required to ascertain characteristics of population. b) Provide a mathematical estimate of the accuracy of the calculated population characteristics. c) Be the unbiased sample of the entire population. d) Be of adequate size to satisfy confidence criteria if a pre-sample was used to determine the required sample size.

A staff planner is responsible for preparing a report for a proposed GPA. If approved, the action would allow a multiple family use to be designated near the Central Business District. There is moderate community protect over the proposed change. The planner has been told by the City Administrator that the Council is looking favorable toward approval of the request because the community needs affordable housing. However, the Council is seeking compelling reasins to approve the amendment to prevent bad press and political embarassment. Understanding all this the planner decides to? a) Recommend denial of the project to protect the Council from public outcry. b) Includes in the staff report a discussion about the need for affordable housing and the requirements of state law to provide such housing and offer recommendation for approval. c) Recommend approval based on the right of the property owner to develop land as he sees fit. d) Recommend a series of alternative choices and let the Council make the final decision.

Advocacy Planning is axxociated closely with Paul Davidoff and Saul Alinsky. A significant effect of the advocacy movement was? a) It helped single women get off welfare. b) It caused social planning to move from backroom negotiations out into the public forum. c) It reduced the need for more environmental documentation. d) It gave rise tot he civil rights movements.

All of the following are key issues with regards to telecommuting EXCEPT? a) Work rules, hours of work - accountability. b) Hourly wage of telecommuters. c) Liability concerns, workers compensation. d) Equipment (who buys/maintains) and training.

An analysis of the relationship between two variables is called a? a) Linear regression. b) Regression analysis. c) Correlation analysis.

An arterial street is BEST described as? a) Highway for through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with grade separation at intersections. b) Street that provides through traffic movement on a continuous route joining major traffic generators, where access to abutting properties may be controlled. c) Major roadway with no access to adjacent properties.

An easement may be acquired by prescription in a manner similar to acquisition of land by? a) Eminent Domain b) Adverse possession c) A and B

An easement may be acquired by prescription ina a manner similar to acquisition of land by? a) Eminent domain. b) Adverse possession c) A and B

An oil company is interested in building a refinery on several thousand acres of tree-covered waterfront property they own. The general plan shows this area as recreational and residential. The oil company files a plan amendment to re-designate the land to a heavy industrial classification. The planning director opposes the amendment, stating that the scenic area should remain a valuable natural resource. The director was overruled by the County commissioners who approved the amendment. A groupd of residents who live near the proposed refinery site take the case to court. The planning director provides some information to the citizens group as they prepare their case and also testifies in court about the value of the property as a community amenity. Under the AICP Code of Ethics, all of the following are true about the behavior of the planning director EXCEPT? a) The director was acting on the ethical responsibility to protect the integrity of the natural environment. b) The director should not have testified in court, the Code of Ethics requires planners to accept the decisions of their employer. c) The director served the public interest by providing information to citizens preparing their case. d) The director exhibited concern for the long-range consequences of the proposed land use changes.

An ordinance requiring the set-aside of land or dollars to construct affordablew housing within a subdivision is referred to as? a) Fees in lieu b) Inclusionary c) Exclusionary d) INcentive

In 1934, Alfred Bettman became? a) 1st Director of planning of Cincinnati. b) 1st President of the American Society of Planning Officials c) 1st City Planner to become a US Senator d) 1st President of the APA

In a town of 95,000 which program is likely to be used to address the goal of increasing affordable housing? a) Capital Improvement program b) Inclusionary housing program c) Impact fee program d) Growth phasing program

In a town of 95,000, which program is likely to be used to address the goal of increasing affordable housing? a) Capital Improvement Program b) Inclusionary Housing Program c0 Impact Fee Program d) Growth Phasing Program

In addition to providing separate smoking rooms for patrons that use tobacco, some airports in America are now installing? a) Slot machines in waiting areas. b) Baby changing rooms next to public rest rooms. c) Franchised fast food restaurants. d) Health and vending machines in public restrooms.

MSA stands for? a) Metropolitan Study Area b) Metropolitan Statistical Area c) Management Systems Analysis

Of the following techniques for preserving agricultural land, which would be the MOST effective? a) Transfer of Development Rights b) No growth policy c) Building permit moratorium d) Right to farm ordinance

Special assessments are levied? a) To support the general functions of government. b) To pay the cost of fire and police protection. c) To install public improvements serving a limited area. d) To pay the cost of the judicial system.

The Regional Plan for New York and Environs

Between 1922 and 1929, the Regional Plan for New York and Environs was created. The plan focused on suburban development, highway construction, and suburban recreational facilities. Stein and Mumford were involved in the creation of the plan.

Information on Topographical map

Both natural and manmade features. Natural features include: mountains, valleys, plains, lakes, rivers, and vegetation. Man made features include roads, boundaries, , transmission lines, and major buildings.

Method of solicting random ideas, concepts, and concerns from citizens as part of a visioning or consensus building process. Ideas are typically written on a large tablet or black board by a facilitator and later transcribed for the participants.

Brainstorming

"Our city shall be a cohesive, compact city with a small-town felling surrounded by farmland, greenbelts, natural habitat and reserves. Our city shall be a community with a strong, vital, pedestrian-oriented and dynamic downtown area and safe and well-designed neighborhoods." This statement describes? a) A preamble to a neighborhood preservation ordinance. b) Goals and objectives of a general plan. c) A portion of a community vision statement. d) The NIMBYs creed.

A Hime Owner's Association is a non-profit organization operating under recorded legal agreements running with the land. Generally, each lot owner is a condominium of similar planned development becomes a member upon purchase and each lot is subject to a charge for a proportionate share of the expenses for the organization's activities such as? I. Maintaining common areas. II. Landscaping and recreational facilities. III. Parking areas. IV. Water and sewer services. a) I only b) I and II c) I, II, and III d) All of the above.

A city planner doubles as the economic development director for her city. Working with members of the local chamber of commerce and other interested business-minded private citizens, she has implemented a basic economic program aimed at promoting economic health in the community. All of the following are included in a city planner's program EXCEPT? a) Retaining existing business and industry. b) Attracting new business. c) Promoting a policy to limit large box retailers from locating in your community. d) Developing and financing facilities that help capture business or recycle local funds.

A county's planning manager resigned her position to join a consulting firm. Fed up with one of the plannin board's ,e,bers, she ran against him in the next public election for the planning board. She beats him decisively. Does this violate the AICP Code of Ethics? a) Definitely b) Possibly c) No

A county's planning manager resigned her position to join a consulting firm. Fed up with one of the planning board's members, she ran against him in the next public election for the planning board. She beats him decisively. Does this violate the AICP Code of Ethics? a) Definitely b) Possibly c) No

A county's planning manager resigned her position to join a consulting firm. Fed up with one of the planning board's memebers, she ran against him in the next public election for the planning board. She beats him decisively. Does this violate the AICP Code of Ethics? a) Definitely b) Possibly c) No

A group of local legislative regulations that prescribe the materials, minimum requirements, and methods to be used in construction, rehabilitation, maintenance, and repair of buildings is? a) The zoning ordinance. b) Minxed use overlay. c) Uniform building code. d) Downtown design standards.

A multi-tenant building that offers below-market rents, inexpensive support services, and technical assistance while encouraging entrepreneurial activity may be called? a) A small business consortium, b) An economic develpment project. c) An incubator facility.

A roof that is double pitched on all four sides is referred to as a? a) Gambrel roof b) Cape roof c) Mansard roof d) Hip roof

An acquired right to use, interest, or privelege in lands owned by another describes? a) CC and Rs b) A Trust Deed c) An easement d) An encumbrance

An associate planner argued successfully against any further non-residential development withih the town's water recharge areas. Five years later, as a consultant to a national shopping mall developer, this same person aggresively pursued a re-zoning of 1000 acres of land within the town's public water supply recharge areas. Does this violate the AICP Code of Ethics? a) Definitely b) Possibly c) No. Not as long as there is full disclosure.

An associate planner argued successfully against any further non-residential development within the town's water recharge areas. Five years later, as a consultatnt to a national shopping mall developer, this same person is aggressively pursuing a re-zoning of 1000 acres of land within the town's public water supply recharge areas. Does this violate the AICP Code of Ethics? a) Definitely b) Possibly c) No. Not as long as there is full disclosure.

Which of the following planning movements was characterized by local management and self-government without a need for intervention from the central state. Planning should be designed for socioeconomic stratums just above the poor? a) Sanitary Movement b) City Beautiful Movement c) Garden City Movement d) Housing Reform

Which of the following regulatory agencies would typically conduct a site plan review for a public high school? a) Planning Commission b) Zoning Board of Appeals c) State Planning Office d) School District

An associate planner is processing a GPA request to redesignate SF property for multiple family use. Immediately after publishing the public notice for this request she begins to receive letters and phone calls protesting the proposed land use change. In order to better understand the issues involved in this action and the concerns of the neighborhood residents she spends some time researching planning journals and published books on the subject of multiple family developments and neighborhood fit. She learns that established neighborhoods typically protest the introduction of apartments and that residents protesting these projects are referred to as NIMBY's. From her research which of the following BEST represents the reasons for NIMBYism? a) Fear of the loss of property value and rise in crime. b) Concern about traffic, over-crowding if schools, and "unstable" apartment dweller lifestyles. c) A and B

An effective regulatory technique for protecting a town's groundwater supply is? a) Downsize all residential districts in the town from 1/2 acre minimum lot size to 2 acres per dwelling. b) Revise the subdivision regulations to limit dead-end roads to 600 feet. c) Adopt an overlay-zoning ordinance prohibiting non-residential uses within aquifer recharge areas. d) Adopt an impact fee ordinance to collect funds from developers.

An industry is an exporter of employment it it has a location quotient greater than ____? a) 0.01 b) 001 c) 1.00 d) 1000

An innovative and successful technique that enables citizens to evaluate physical images if natural and built environments in which participants view and evaluate a wide variety of slides depicting streetscapes, land uses, site designs, building types, and indicate whether or not what they have seen is appropriate for the community is? a) Design charrette. b) Delphi method. c) Visual Preference Survey. d) Brainstorming.

As a result of Dolan v. Tigard (1994), when jurisdictions impose conditions upon land use approvals for specific parcels and particular development, the need to? I. Develop very precise findings. II. Make findings that quantify the projected actual impact of the project on the public facility or use in question. III. Require the dedication of public right-of-way. IV. Avoid imposing dedication requirements that restrict the owner's right to use a portion of his/her/its own property. a) I and II b) II, II, and IV c) I, II, and IV

Banking institutions typically agree that housing is unaffordable when individuals have to pay more than ____ percentage of their gross income toward mortgage payments? a) 15 b) 25 c) 35 d) 45

Cluster development is a type of development that allows the reduction of lot sizes below the zoning ordinance minimum requirements if the land thereby gained is? a) Utilized for low income housing. b) Deeded to the mayor. c) Preserved as permanent open space for the community. d) A and C.

Concurrency is a term attributable to which of the following states? a) Hawaii b) California c) Florida d) Michigan

Cost-effectiveness Analysis would be employed in which of the following situations? a) Determining if annexation would have a negative fiscal impact. b) Comparing the actual cost of implementing a program against the benefits to the community. c) Making a decision on whether or not to spend money to build a new senior center or to hire more police officers. d) Establishing monetary costs and monetary benefits of a large expenditure.

Courts have ruled that a rezoning does NOT constitute spot zoning if? a) The rezoning is adopted by unanimous vote of the legislative body. b) The rezoning is not appealed. c) The rezoning is enacted in accordance with a comprehensive plan. d) The rezoning allows for special permit or special exception waivers.

Development occurring on Native American trust lands within a designated reservation are subject to ____ regulations governing development. a) State b) Local c) Federal

Development occurring on Native American trust lands, within a designated reservation, are subject to? a) State regulations governing development. b) Local regulations governing development. c) Federal regulations governing development. d) All of the above.

Developments occurring on Native American trust lands, within a designated reservation, are subject to ____ regulations governing development. a) State b) Local c) Federal

If the following growth management techniques which would likely be used to reduce development density. a) Building permit caps. b) Subdivision phasing. c) Large lot zoning. d) Building permit moratorium.

In 1880, George Pullman designed and built the Town of Pullman, a model industrial town in the state of? a) New York b) Ohio c) Illinois d) Michigan

In 1890, George Pullman designed and built the Town of Pullman, a model industrial town in the state of? a) New York b) Ohio c) Illinois d) Michigan

In 1910, Forest Hills Gardens (Long Island NY) became? a) The first cemetery on Long Island. b) A historic monument. c) The 1st American test of the neighborhood unit concept. d) The first redevelopment district in New York state.

Of the following definitions, which one BEST describes the term, "raster"? a) GIS system hardware. b) Program to make line drawings. c) A grid-type data format used to interpret gray-scale photographs and satellite imagery. d) Table program use in CADD applications.

Of the following examples of "Growth Management" techniques which one could be considered the MOST effective? a) Requiring imminent development before annexation is considered. b) Denying development projects until necessary infrastructure is installed. c) Limiting the number of building permits to a specific number per year based on a desired population growth.

Of the following growht management techniques, which would likely be used to reduce development density? a) Building permit caps b) Subdivision phasing c) Large lot zoning d) Building permit moratorium

One acre is equal to ____ square feet? a) 42, 500 b) 43, 650 c) 43, 560 d) 45, 360

Regional Malls typically consist of between 750,000 and 2 million square feet gross leaseable area (GLA). What size population is required for a mall to be successful? a) 150,000 b) 200,000 c) 250,000 d) 300,000

State law allows the legislative body of a jurisdiction to develop and write a General Plan update without soliciting public input outside the normal public hearing process. Notwithstanding this legal loophole, the senior planner of a rapidly growing city of 90,000 is concerned about the implications of excluding the public from the planning process. She know that many citizens in the community desire more involvement in this important advance planning project. Which of the following actions she could take would be considered BEST? I. Write a newspaper editorial expressing her concerns about the planning process. II. Prepare an administrative report to the City Council recommending that there be more citizen input into the planning process. III. Discuss with the City Manager her feelings and seek direction. IV. Contact each council member individually and discuss her concerns with them. a) I and II b) II only c) III only d) III and IV

Telephone surveys allow for rapid data collection and easy access to most households. However, from a statistician's perspective, telephone surveys? a) Cost too much b) Have a greater probability of interviewer-introduced bias. c) Cannot reach representative samples of some relatively isolated populations. d) Are ineffective because of the difficulty in finding subjects at home.

The "Baltimore Plan" refers to? a) Baltimore's 1895 master plan. b) Baltimore's 1985 master plan. c) The cleaning up pf various cities in the 1950s. d) Rehabilitation of urban waterfronts.

The Clean Air Act grants state primacy in developing implementation plans. "Primacy" does not refer to which of the following? a) Responsibility for development and enforcement of the plan. b) Responsibility for identifying emission limits for specific sources. c) Responsibility for approving the plans and any revisions. d) All of the above.

The Clean Air Act grants state primacy in developing implentation plans. "Primacy" does not refer to which of the following? a) Responsibility for development and enforcement of the plan. b) Responsibility for identifying emission limits for specific sources. c) Responsibility for approving plans and andy revisions. d) All of the above.

The FIRST major regional shopping center to open in the United States was? a) Southland Mall, Hayward, CA (1963) b) Sun Valley Mall, Sun Valley, CO (1959) c) Northland Center, MI (1954) d) Manchester Mall, Fresno, CA (1958)

The Federal Clean Water Act establishes water quality standards for the nation's waters. One of the tools for improving water quality is? a) TDR b) FAR c) TMDL d) BFD

The arithmetic mean of the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 equals? a) 4 b) 6 c) 5 d) 10

The basic criterion utilized for planning a new fire state is? a) Cost and financing. b) Number of fire engines. c) Location and response time. d) Size of fire house.

The concept that a hardship must be unique to the particular property and not to the owner or the general public is most likely to be included in the discussion of a? a) Special permit. b) Re-zoning. c) Variance. c) Eminent domain proceeding.

The first statewide zoning system was introduced in 1978 in which state? a) California b) New York c) Hawaii d) Texas

The late Paul Davidoff called which of the following, "the major land-use innovation of the 1980s"? a) Urban renewal b) The Block Grant program c) Inclusionary zoning d) Model Zoning Ordinance

The median of the numbers 12, 14, 16, 18 is? a) 12 b) 14 c) 15 d) 16

The practice of making loans to declining or high-risk neighborhoods in order to stimulate their renewal is? a) Bluelining b_ Redlining c) Greenlining

The reason for choosing a random sample from a large set of data is? a) To include at least 25% of the large set. b) To give greater weight to higher valued items. c) To approximate the cahracteristics of the large set in less time and with less cost. d) To be sure that the data conforms to a normal curve.

The recording of a deed? a) Passes title. b) Guarantees ownership. c) Raises a presumption of delivery. d) Insures possession.

To determine the percentage of any slope? a) Multiply the vertical distance by the horizontal distance. b) Add the horizontal distance to the vertical distance. Divide the vertical distance by the horizontal distance. d) Subtract the vertical distance by the horizontal distance.

Traditionally the planning process includes all of the above EXCEPT? a) Select goals and objectives. b) Clarify values. c) Forecast infrastructure costs. d) Formulate alternatives.

What is the chief importance of the Tenessee Valley Authority Act (1937)? a) It set in place an agency to stop flooding. b) It created an agency to oversee the generation of electric power. c) It is the earliest example of federal legislation in the US for planning in its modern sense. d) A and B.

What presentation format is most appropriate for addressing a group of 100 citizens in a large public meeting room? I. Overhead projector II. Large color map III. Slide projector IV. Video a) I only b) II only c) III only d) III and IV

What presentation format is most appropriate for addressing a group of 100 citizens in a large public meeting room? I. Overhead projector. II. Large color map. III. Slide projector and color slides. IV. Video. a) I only b) II only c) III only d) II and IV

Which "Great Expediter" said, "If the ends don't justify the means, then what the hell does?" a) Daniel Burnham b) Mike Waiczis c) Robert Moses d) Adolph Hitler

Which map is extremely useful in determining the location of prime farmland? a) USGS Topographic b) USGS ortho-photo quad c) Soil Conservation Service soil survey d) Project flood maps

Which map is extremely useful in determining the location of prime farmland? a) USGS topographic b) USGS ortho-photo quad c) Soil Conservation Service Soil survey d) Project flood maps

Which of the following are considered passive recreational activities? a) Court sports. b) Swimming c) Horseback riding. d) Team sports.

Citizen Participation & Code of Ethics

Continuing responsibility of professional planners- include disadvantaged citizens- special efforts required to reach disadvantaged- "Planners primary obligation is to serve the public interest".

The first major textbook on City Planning - Author and date?

Carrying Out the City Plan by Flavel Shurtleff, published in 1914. This book was the first major textbook on city planning.

An intensive, interactive problem solving process with meetings convened around the development of specific plans.

Charrette

Test statistic provides a measure of the amount of difference between the two frequency distributions.

Chi Square - non-parametric

Which city was home to the first Council of Government?

Chicago

National Land Utilization Conference in Chicago. 300 ag experts - rural recovery prog & natural resource conservation.

Chicago - 1931

First major introduction of the transfer of development rights (TDR) concept

Chicago - 1971

What were the 3 major ports of immigration in 1811.

Chicago, NY, Philadelphia

City where the 1st officcially adopted comprehensive plan was spproved to create a legal connection betweeen zoning and the plan.

Cincinnati, 1925

First major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman).

Cincinnati, Ohio - 1925

Who wrote Cities in Evolution? when was it written and what is the book about?

Cities in Evolution by Patrick Geddess, published in 1915. This book centers on regional planning

Big business lost interest, awarenesss of corruption-movement declined but emphasis of physical site planning was internalized in planning movements regulating development of suburbs.

City Beautiful (1900-1920s)

Burnham, Lomsted, McKim, St Gaudens, Gottlieb- St. Louis Worlds Fair, Carnegie Libraries.

City Beautiful (1900-1920s)

Canyons of the Ancients (CO); Cascade-Siskiyou (OR); Hanford Reach (WA); Ironwood Forest Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (AZ); Grand Sequoia, California Coastal (CA).

Clinton Monuments - 2000

Used when stratified or simple random sampling would be difficult and/or expensive.

Cluster (probability sampling)

Who was Clarence Stein? What did he desing? What did he Chair?

Co-designed Radburn, NJ NY Commission of HOusing

a new town halfway between Washington and Baltimore, featuring class integration and the neighborhood principle

Columbia, Maryland - 1963

CDBG means?

Community Development Block Grant

A document or series of documents prepared by a planning commission or department setting forth policies for the future of a community.

Comprehensive Plan

A range of values that includes a certain populations parameter with a given probability.

Confidence Interval

The Morrill Act (1862)

Congress gave public land to each state to be sold for the establishment of ￢ﾀﾜengineering, agriculture, and military sciences￢ﾀﾝ colleges?

Planners Owe alliance to what?

Conscientiously attained concept of the public interest

Park Forest, Illinois, and Levittown, New York

Construction began, 1947

Where any numaber value can change to another in a given moment (ie. interest rate)

Continuous variable

A technically integrated and jurisdictionally coordinated transportation system with such features as freeway management systems, advanced traffic surveillance, signal control systems and similar.

ITS - Intelligent Transportation Systems

Identified Charging Parties who are notified of the dismissal of their ethics charges shall have ___________ from the date of the receipt of their dismissal letters to file an appeal with the Ethics Committee.

Identified Charging Parties who are notified of the dismissal of their ethics charges shall have 30 calendar days from the date of the receipt of their dismissal letters to file an appeal with the Ethics Committee.

Urban growth boundaries (UGB)

Identifies when/where land available for development 20-25 yrs growth in employment & population.

Which City created the first local civic center plan. What year was it created and what 3 individuals worked on the plan's development?

In 1903, Cleveland created the first local civic center plan in the U.S. Daniel Burnham, John Carrere, and Arnold Brunner were responsible for the plan's development.

When and where was the first full-time employee hired for a City Planning Commission? What was the commissioners name?

In 1914, Newark, New Jersey hired the first full-time employee for a city planning commission, Harland Bartholomew. Bartholomew went on to become one of the most famous planning consultants.

What county formed the first regional planning commission? When?

In 1922, Los Angeles County formed the first regional planning commission.

What was the first major US city to adopt a comp plan? Who produced it and when?

In 1925, The City of Cincinnati was the first major U.S. city to adopt a comprehensive plan, produced by Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe.

What was the first state to introduce statewide zoning? When was it introduced, and when was it amended?

In 1961, Hawaii was the first state to introduce statewide zoning, which was later amended in 1978.

Who published the first isue of the Journal of Planning Education. When was it published?

In 1981, the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning published the first issue of The Journal of Planning Education and Research.

Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)

In MPOs with population of 200,000 or greater a TIP is created that lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated along with non-federally funded projects that are regionally significant. The plan prioritizes the projects.

Zoning Premise

Incompatible land uses shold be separated

Charrette

Intensive interactive problem-solving process convened around development of specific plans. Experts within & outside community.

Assignment of for purpose of identifying ordered relations of some characteristic. Can mathematically see differences between values on the scale. (ie. temperature)

Interval Scale

What is the planning significance of Central Park? Who was it designer & builder?

It was created in the mid 1800s as an a way to address the lack of green space in cities. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Built by Calvert Vaux.

Advocacy Planning in Cleveland

Krumholz

Public Land Survey System

Land was to be systematically surveyed into square townships, six miles on a side. Each of these townships was sub-divided into thirty-six sections of one square mile or 640 acres (259 hectares).

What is the primary differences between Maslow & ERG?

Maslow: a large # multiple steps, each achieved at the completion of the next, all people act same. ERG: only 3 steps, steps may overlap or parrallel, and all people different

Factors are important to determining populaiton projections

Migration, birth rate, death rate

"fair share" of affordable housing. A precedent-setting decision against racial segregation

Mt. Laurel, New Jersey - 1983

What are the most significant laws of the Public Health Movement?

NYC Tenement Law of 1867 and a San Francisco ordinance that ended slaughter houses in 1867.

Programs provide funding for planning, project development, construction and operation of projects that serve border regions near Mexico and Canada and high priority corridors throughout the US. What program is this?

National Corridor Planning & Development Program & the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program (CORBOR).

requires an "environmental impact statement" for every federal or aided major action that might harm environment

National Environmental Policy Act - 1969

National Register of Historic Places & Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and req's State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO).

National Historic Preservation Act - 1966

Which is the best way to solicit citzen input in plan making?

Neighborhood group leaders and citizen committees

Planning of the Modern City.

Nelson P. Lewis - 1916

What was Agins v. City of Tiburon; U.S. Supreme Court (1980)?

The Court upheld a city's right to zone property at low-density and determined this zoning was not a taking. The appellants had acquired five acres of unimproved land for residential development. The City adopted zoning ordinances that placed the appellants' property in a zone where property may be devoted to one-family dwellings, with density restrictions permitting appellants to build between one and five single-family residences on their tract. Without having sought approval for development of their tract under the ordinances, appellants brought suit against the city in state court, alleging that the city had taken their property without just compensation in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, and seeking a declaration that the zoning ordinances were facially unconstitutional.

What was Nectow v. City of Cambridge; U.S. Supreme Court (1928)?

The Court used a rational basis test to strike down a zoning ordinance because it had no valid public purpose (e.g., to promote the health, safety, morals, or welfare of the public).

What standard must AICP misconduct charges meet?

The Ethics Officer will have the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that misconduct occured.

Purpose of the program is to designate & fund enhancements of scenic hwys across the US. In order to receive Scenic Byway Designation, the roadway must have archaeolgoical, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, &/or scenic qualities.

The National Scenic Byways Program

Why did the Public Health Movement die out?

The Public Health Movement died out in the 1920s as local governments were given authority to regulate issues.

Christopher Stone's book Should Trees Have Standing

The Sierra Club v. Morton, Secretary of the Interior (1972) case where the Sierra Club attempted to block the development of a ski resort in the Mineral King Valley in the Sequoia National Forest.

What book did Wiliam Whyte write? when? what does the book promote?

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces by Wiliam Whyte, published in 1980. This book promotes the use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design.

What book did TJ Kent write? when?

The Urban General Plan by TJ Kent, published in 1964.

Certified planners can not perform work on a project for a client or employer if, in addition to the agreed upon compensation there is a possibility for direct personal or financial gain to us, our family members, or persons living in our household unless

The client or employer, after full written disclosure from the planner, consents in writing to the arrangement.

What was Penn Central Transportation Co. v. The City of New York; U.S. Supreme Court (1978)?

The court found that a taking is based on the extent of the diminution of value, interference with investment backed expectations, and the character of the government action. The court weighed the economic impact of the regulation on investment backed expectations and the character of the regulation to determine whether the regulation deprives one of property rights. The court found that the New York City Landmark Preservation Law as applied to the Grand Central Terminal did not constitute a taking.

What was First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles; U.S. Supreme Court (1987)?

The court found that if a property is unusable for a period of time, then not only can the ordinance be set aside, but the property owner can subject the government to pay for damages. The court found that the County could either purchase the property out-right or revoke the ordinance and pay the church for its losses during the time of the trial.

What was Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon; U.S. Supreme Court (1922)?

The court found that if a regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking. This was the first takings ruling and defined a taking under the 5th Amendment.

What was Palazzolo v. Rhode Island; U.S. Supreme Court (2001)?

The property owner claimed inverse condemnation against the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council. The land owner was denied a permit to fill 18 acres of coastal wetlands to construct a beach club and was therefore an unlawful taking. The Supreme Court found that claims are ripe for adjudication--most importantly, acquisition of title after the effective date of regulations does not bar regulatory taking claims. The case was remanded.

What was the intent of the "Land Ordinance of 1785"? What is its planning significance?

The rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest was created to provide a systematic way to divide and distribute land to people. It is called the "largest single act of national planning in our history."

Standard Error

The standard deviation of a sampling distribution. Standard errors indicate the degree of sampling fluctuation. The larger the sample size the smaller the standard error.

Federal Aid Highway Act

adopted in 1944 based on President Roosevelts 1939 system of highways the Act designated 65,000 kilometers of highway as interstate highways. The Act didnot initially provide any funding.

Task Force

agency-sponsored committee with a specific task related to a single problem.

What is Floor Area Ratio?

aka FAR-the ratio of floor area of a building to teh size of teh lot

GRANTS are available to government by

all levels of government, the private sector and foundations

Variance

an administrative exception to land use regulations, generally in order to compensate for a deficiency in a real property which would prevent the property from complying with the zoning regulation.

Reserve Funds

are ones that have been saved for the purchase of future capital improvements

Catherine Bauer Wurster

founder of American housing policy. worked to reform policy related to housing and city planning.served as executive secretary of the Regional Planning Association of America.wrote Modern Housing. Influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937.

What is the primary difference between a variance and other land entitlements? a) Findings are not necessary with a variance. b) Variances are ministerially approved. c) Manufactured housing (mobile homes) d) The absence of a hardship requirement.

Explain "floating zone"

defines a use that the community wants that is not assigned to a particular parcel When in effect the floating zone regulations are in effect.

Top three facts about Alfred Bettman

developed a comprehensive plan for Cincinnati, (first city to do so) Successfully defended zoning in US Supreme Court in Euclid v Ambler Served as the first president of American Society of Planning Officials

The Resettlement Administration

formed in 1935 to carry out experiments in population resettlement and land reform. The result was the development of Greenbelt towns. folded in January of 1937. brainchild of Rexford G. Tugwell in Franklin Roosevelt's administration.

Ethical principle 2. Planning process participants continuously strive to achieve high standards of _______ and proficiency so that the public respect for the planning process will be maintained.

integrity

Design Charette

intensive collaborative effort that brings together citizens, stakeholders, and staff to develop a detailed design plan for a certain area

traffic calming

involves changes in street alignment, barriers, and other physical changes to the street coridor to reduce traffic speeds and cut-through traffic. (chicane, choker, roundabouts, speed humps, speed tables, traffic circles)

Standard deviation

is the square root of the variance.

Growth Management goal 1

protect lands that provide public & quasi public goods

Level of Service (LOS)

ranges from A to F based on amount of congestion. A = freeflowing and F means heavily congested with reduced speeds and increased time to get through traffic signals.

U.S. Housing Act of 1954

required cities to develop comprehensive plans and provided funding for planning under Section 701. problem - it led to the creation of plans for the purpose of acquiring federal funds rather than to truly plan for communities.

Tranit Oriented Development (TOD)

resiential and commercial developments designed to maximize access to different modes of transportation. Focus is not on car travel.

Budgeting can be used for (name 5)

resource allocation, financial control management control, a communication tool, a planning tool

What does a fiscal impact analysis evaluate?

revenues, expenditures, land values￢ﾀﾔand characteristics of the development or land use change￢ﾀﾔe.g., type of land use, distance from central facilities.

Delphi technique

used to develop consensus between two or more groups that are in conflict. Develop goals & objectives. Group facilitation skills.

Facilitation

uses a person who does not have a direct stake in the outcome of a meeting to help groups that disagree work together to solve complex problems and come to a consesus decision.

Pay-as-you-go Financing

uses current funds to pay for capital improvement projects

Sir Raymond Unwin

was an English town planner and designer of Letchworth. He later lectured at the University of Birmingham in England and Columbia University.

Thomas Adams

was an important planner during the Garden City movement. secretary of the Garden City Association and became the first manager of Letchworth. He developed a number of garden suburbs in England and later went on to teach planning at MIT and Harvard.

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