aj101 final

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What is needed in order to justify searches of students and their belongings inside public schools? a. a hunch b. reasonable suspicion c. probable cause d. proof beyond a reasonable doubt

b. reasonable suspicion

What was the purpose of the creation of a separate juvenile court system? a. deterrence b. rehabilitation c. retribution d. vengeance

b. rehabilitation

Who are most likely to be the victims of a racially-motivated hate crime? a. African Americans b. Hispanics c. Native Americans d. Whites

a. African Americans

What is the difference between identity theft and other property crimes? a. Identity theft can continue for months. b. In identity theft crime, nothing is actually stolen. c. There are no real victims in identity theft. d. Identity theft offenders are easier to apprehend.

a. Identity theft can continue for months.

Victims of crime are sometimes able to get financial assistance from the state where they were victimized. This assistance is referred to as a. a crime victim compensation fund. b. victim precipitation. c. a crime victim assistance fund. d. a survivors' assistance fund.

a. a crime victim compensation fund.

Soliciting minors through the Internet to engage in sexual acts is a. an Internet crime. b. prostitution. c. sexual assault. d. child pornography.

a. an Internet crime.

Officer Smith has responded to a disruption where many individuals are protesting the war in Iraq. As a control force, Officer Smith's mission includes all of the following EXCEPT a. arresting protestors. b. preserving life. c. protecting property. d. restoring order.

a. arresting protestors.

One of the main things that restorative justice emphasizes is a. forgiveness. b. an admission of guilt. c. restitution. d. leniency.

a. forgiveness.

John is fourteen years old. He is arrested for robbery. The prosecutor and probation officer recommend that he is tried as an adult. The juvenile judge decides that John should be dealt with by the adult criminal court jurisdiction. This is an example of a. judicial waiver. b. statutory exclusion. c. direct file. d. defense waiver.

a. judicial waiver.

The majority of all delinquency cases are referred by a. law enforcement. b. other adults. c. parents. d. school officials.

a. law enforcement.

When victims leave their homes, they are often forced to go to a ________, where they can find temporary housing. a. shelter b. residential treatment facility c. victim residence d. victim precipitation

a. shelter

Many different governmental agencies, such as law enforcement and district attorney's offices, have created groups that focus on a single type of victim and such victims' special needs. These groups are referred to as a. specialized units. b. domestic violence councils. c. sexual assault response teams. d. community partnership groups.

a. specialized units.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the "broken windows" theory as it applies to combating terrorism? a. hostile environment b. intelligence hubs c. precursor crime d. All these answers are correct.

b. intelligence hubs

Beth is a college student who has been the victim of sexual assault. After she was assaulted, Beth contacted her university's counseling center, where she was able to receive various services, such as counseling, legal advocacy, and contact with an individual who specifically works with victims to address their unique needs. Beth has received ________ from her university's counseling centers. a. victim services b. victim recidivism c. victim precipitation d. victim assistance

a. victim services

Which of the following is an example of a dependency case? a. when a child's parents cannot or will not care for him or her properly b. when a juvenile is dependent on alcohol or drugs c. when a juvenile wants to be ruled independent from his or her parents d. All these answers are correct.

a. when a child's parents cannot or will not care for him or her properly

________ is the lifeblood of antiterrorism operations. a. Vigilance b. Intelligence c. Prevalence d. Diligence

b. Intelligence

Which is the most accurate statement when discussing LGBTQ victims? a. Victims report their first attack. b. Many victimizations do not result in a call to the police. c. Victims are usually victimized by individual offenders. d. Most victims do not know their attacker.

b. Many victimizations do not result in a call to the police.

Which of the following is one of the explanations for an increase in the reporting of elder abuse? a. An increasing elderly population in the U.S. means there are more elderly people to abuse. b. More education about the issues spurs more people to report abuse. c. Easier reporting procedures encourages more people to report abuse. d. The stress of the poor economy has pushed more people to abuse the elderly.

b. More education about the issues spurs more people to report abuse.

Jane is a prosecutor in Wayne County, MI. She is part of a group that meets monthly to address sexual assault in their community. The group investigates recent sexual assault cases to determine best practices for handling sexual assault cases. They also gather data on who commits sexual assault, when and where, and what types of sexual assaults occur. Jane is most likely a member of a a. SANE. b. SART. c. DVCRT. d. CCRT.

b. SART.

Which of the following relationships is true concerning male and female offenders and their incarceration rates? a. The number of female offenders is far below that of males and the incarceration of female juveniles is decreasing at a higher rate than that of young males. b. The number of female offenders is far below that of males and the incarceration of female juveniles is increasing at a higher rate than that of young males. c. The number of female offenders is more than that of males and the incarceration of female juveniles is decreasing at a higher rate than that of young males. d. The number of female offenders is more than that of males and the incarceration of female juveniles is increasing at a higher rate than that of young males.

b. The number of female offenders is far below that of males and the incarceration of female juveniles is increasing at a higher rate than that of young males.

How are modern juvenile courts different than adult criminal courts? a. There is broader jurisdiction in juvenile courts. b. There are more procedural rights restrictions in modern juvenile courts. c. There are more procedural rights in modern juvenile courts. d. There is no difference between modern juvenile courts and adult courts.

b. There are more procedural rights restrictions in modern juvenile courts.

Which of the following crime victims would NOT be able to receive victim compensation? a. a crime victim who was an innocent bystander and had no part in her victimization b. a crime victim who is still receiving payments from worker's compensation c. a crime victim who is not able to receive health insurance benefits d. a crime victim who has lost a civil lawsuit and is not receiving any funds from that lawsuit

b. a crime victim who is still receiving payments from worker's compensation

Which of the following is NOT one of the responsibilities of a computer forensic expert? a. recover deleted files b. fix the computers at the police department c. locate hidden files d. trace website activity

b. fix the computers at the police department

The policy of parens patriae gives the ________ authority to make decisions about children. a. "child savers" b. government c. parents d. police

b. government

Julia was arrested and charged with burglary. At her disposition hearing the judge decided that Julia did not need a secure custodial setting but that she could not return home. Julia could be placed in a a. boot camp. b. group home. c. state-run prison. d. detention facility.

b. group home.

Martha used her elderly mother's information to obtain a mortgage. Martha has committed a. a cybercrime. b. identity theft. c. online stalking. d. terrorism.

b. identity theft.

Restorative justice views the ________ as the true victim of a crime. a. state b. individual c. offender d. community

b. individual

During the ________ process, a victim advocate will determine the needs of a victim and her children upon entering a shelter. a. questioning b. intake c. processing d. classification

b. intake

If you have been a victim of rape and go to the emergency room, you would most likely be seen by a ________ who is specially trained in examining sexual assault victims. a. nurse b. sexual assault nurse examiner c. counselor d. sexual assault nurse practitioner

b. sexual assault nurse examiner

Which statement is FALSE concerning constitutional rights of juveniles? a. Juveniles' due process rights are more limited than adults'. b. Juveniles have the right to an attorney. c. Juveniles have the right to a jury trial. d. Juveniles have no special rights regarding interrogation.

c. Juveniles have the right to a jury trial.

Which of the following is NOT a challenge to fighting cybercrime?a. Offenders are anonymous and can work from any private or public computer. b. Cybercrime can be transnational and its prosecution complicated by conflicting laws and enforcement practices in different countries. c. Search and seizure operations do not have to meet legal requirements. d. Evidence for a crime may reside on many computers across many networks.

c. Search and seizure operations do not have to meet legal requirements.

Which of the following is NOT one of the responsibilities of child protective services? a. They investigate allegations of child abuse and neglect. b. They can remove the child from the home and place him or her in foster care. c. They arrest juveniles who victimize other juveniles. d. They train foster parents and act as an adoption agency to help them adopt foster children.

c. They arrest juveniles who victimize other juveniles.

The majority of sexual solicitations via the Internet come through a. emails. b. instant messages. c. chat rooms. d. video conferencing.

c. chat rooms.

Preventive detention means that a. children may be detained in a juvenile detention facility before they commit a crime if they display signs that they will be delinquent. b. parents can bring their children to a juvenile detention facility for detention if they cannot control them. c. children accused of crimes can be held to prevent them from committing additional offenses while their case is pending. d. children convicted of crimes can be held until they are 21 under juvenile court jurisdiction.

c. children accused of crimes can be held to prevent them from committing additional offenses while their case is pending.

Which of the following is NOT one of the phases of recovery most victims go through? a. impact b. recovery c. despair d. recoil

c. despair

The main goal of a multidisciplinary interview center is to a. save money. b. save time. c. eliminate the need for a child victim to retell the story many times to different people. d. provide services to the victims of abuse.

c. eliminate the need for a child victim to retell the story many times to different people.

The idea that some children are too young to be criminally prosecuted is known as the a. adolescent defense. b. child defense. c. infancy defense. d. juvenile defense.

c. infancy defense.

What law enforcement function, which is still developing, may be the most important of the 21st century? a. protection b. emergency response c. intelligence d. interrogation

c. intelligence

What happens to a mandated professional who does not follow the mandatory reporting laws of their state? a. arrest b. criminal charges c. loss of license d. All these answers are correct.

c. loss of license

All of the following are examples of cybercrime EXCEPT a. digital child pornography. b. identity theft. c. money laundering. d. online fraud schemes.

c. money laundering.

Ryan has recently been the victim of sexual abuse. He is only 5 years old, so special precautions need to be taken when gathering evidence and interviewing Ryan about the incident. Ryan will most likely be interviewed by/at a a. domestic violence council. b. collaborative partnership group. c. multidisciplinary interview center. d. sexual assault response center.

c. multidisciplinary interview center.

Which group is at the highest risk for victimization? a. Whites b. females c. prior victims d. the wealthy

c. prior victims

The most common disposition for juveniles adjudicated delinquent is a. detention. b. parole. c. probation. d. prison.

c. probation.

Which category accounts for more than half of all reported hate crimes? a. ethnicity b. gender identity c. race d. religion

c. race

When a rape or sexual assault victim comes into a hospital to be examined, a ________ will usually be conducted to preserve evidence. a. SANE b. colposcope c. rape kit d. forensic

c. rape kit

Which is NOT a status offense? a. curfew violations b. school truancy c. spray-painting graffiti d. running away from home

c. spray-painting graffiti

Almost half of all terrorists reside a. in a separate country from their targets. b. within 100 miles of their targets. c. within 40 miles of their targets. d. across the street from their targets.

c. within 40 miles of their targets.

How do children enter the juvenile justice system? a. referral from parents or other adults b. referral from school officials c. arrest by police officer d. All these answers are correct.