Alcohol/Drugs Edu
Driving Under the Influence (DUI)
We all know drinking and driving is dangerous. Many people lose their lives every year and many more are injured or otherwise affected. Even when no one's hurt, getting a DUI can have serious legal and academic consequences, like loss of financial aid or expulsion. Driving when your senses and judgment are impaired by alcohol or other drugs. A legal offense that occurs when a person has driven with a blood alcohol concentration over 0.08; a criminal offense in most states; also known as driving while intoxicated (DWI)
Distribution of a Controlled Substance to a Minor
A person who is at least 18 years old and distributes a controlled substance to a person who is under age 21 is subject to increased penalties.
Brain & Body Science: Other Drugs - Cannabis
* Cannabis (legally referred to as marijuana) includes leaves, THC, hash, edibles, oils, and other products derived from the cannabis plant. Effects include anxiety, demotivation, euphoria, and impairment of judgment, motor coordination, alertness, decision-making, and reaction times. In some states it is prescribed to treat nausea and pain. While legal in some states, cannabis use is both illegal and prohibited on college campuses that receive federal funding. * High Concentration = Higher Risk In recent years, the potency of cannabis (marijuana) has increased significantly. This means it now contains more THC (the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis). Being aware of the risks associated with high-concentration cannabis use can help keep people who choose to use it safer. * Why is cannabis more concentrated now? The level of THC in cannabis has increased around 300% over the past 20 years.Footnote1 In 1995, for instance, the average THC concentration was about 4%; in 2014, it was closer to 12%. Cannabis is also being processed using heat and other chemical reactions to yield high-concentration THC extracts and resins, which are then incorporated into products like waxes, butters, and oils. These high-concentrate extracts are also used in vaping products and edibles. These extracts may contain over 50% THC — sometimes as much as 80%. * Interactions with alcohol and other drugs Drinking alcohol in combination with high-concentrate cannabis use increases the risk of overdose and alcohol poisoning, and is also associated with an increased risk of long-term health problems like kidney disease and liver disease. Many other drugs are dangerous to combine with cannabis as well, like some depression or anxiety medications, sedatives, opioids, and others. Cannabis can amplify the effects of other drugs or make the body metabolize substances differently, which can be very risky. If you thought using cannabis might be "safe" because it's natural, you're not alone. A lot of people hear the word "natural" and make assumptions regarding safety and health. However, there are actually significant risks associated with cannabis use — not just to your health, but also to your academic success.
Friends can help you feel a sense of belonging. In new environments, there are lots of opportunities to build community, and you're not alone in wanting to make connections. Friends often influence each other — if your friends have good study habits, it's more likely you will too, and if your friends engage in risky behavior, you may be more likely to as well.
* Connecting with people with good study habits has been shown to boost academic performance — plus, it'll help you make friends who share your academic goals. * Be on the lookout for groups and clubs that spark your interest. People who enjoy what they do are usually happy to share their passion with newcomers. * There are lots of opportunities to make friends that don't involve alcohol. If you're not comfortable accepting someone's invitation but want to get to know them, consider asking them to join you for another activity. * Having friends with different identities is an amazing way to learn and grow. Think about who is or isn't in your circle of friends, and consider being open to including different types of people.
Risk & Protective Factors of Alcohol/Drinking
* Correct! Having food in your stomach (like a full meal) reduces risk because it slows down the rate of alcohol absorption. * Correct! Pain relievers like ibuprofen (and aspirin and acetaminophen) can increase risk. When combined with alcohol, they can cause stomach irritation and liver damage. * Correct! Having water when drinking alcohol reduces risk by providing more fluid to dilute the alcohol. * Correct! Energy drinks increase risk. The caffeine in these drinks counteracts alcohol's depressant effects, and that masks how impaired a person really is. * Correct! Sweet drink mixers increase risk because they can hide the taste of alcohol. People may drink faster and not realize how much they're drinking — both of which can be very dangerous. * Correct! Having just a few drinks over a longer period of time reduces risk because slower consumption slows down the rate of alcohol absorption. * Correct! Drinking games increase risk because they can lead people to drink a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time.
Brain & Body Science: Other Drugs - Depressants
* Depressants ("downers") slow down activity in the brain and nervous system and include alcohol, benzodiazepines (such as Valium®, Xanax®, and Ativan®), Rohypnol® and GHB (liquid ecstasy). Sometimes prescribed to treat seizures, anxiety, and sleep disorders, they can also result in headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, slurred speech, double vision, confusion, impaired memory, blunted emotions, gastrointestinal problems, seizures, and coma. GHB and Rohypnol® ("roofies") are sometimes slipped into drinks to facilitate sexual assault.
Brain & Body Science: Other Drugs - Hallucinogens
* Hallucinogens include LSD (lysergic acid), mescaline, psilocybin mushrooms, ketamine, MDMA (ecstasy, molly). They can lead to distorted perceptions of reality; increased body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate; euphoria; anxiety; sweating; movement problems; nausea; vomiting; confusion; depression; sleep problems; flashbacks; drug craving; hyperthermia; body system failure; and death.
Brain & Body Science: Other Drugs - Nicotine
* Nicotine, a stimulant, is found in the tobacco plant. It can be found in nicotine gum, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, vaporized tobacco products (e-cigs, vape), and nicotine patches. Nicotine is highly addictive and can lead to dependence; increased blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate; and increased risk of cancer, heart disease, and pneumonia.
Brain & Body Science: Other Drugs - Opioids
* Opioids (opiates and narcotics) have depressant properties and act on the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. In addition to illicit drugs such as heroin, they include prescription drugs such as morphine, OxyContin®, Vicodin®, and Fentanyl®. Prescribed to treat pain, they can cause euphoria, drowsiness, clouded thinking, nausea/vomiting, slowed breathing and heart rate, and damage to the heart, liver, and kidneys. Opioid misuse can be very dangerous, leading to dependence and death.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Factors
* Other Liquids: Carbonated mixers can speed up alcohol absorption, sweet mixers can mask the taste of alcohol, and caffeinated beverages can cause people to underestimate how intoxicated they are. On the other hand, alternating water with drinks can help keep a drinker's BAC from getting too high. * Physiology: Many things about the body can affect how people metabolize alcohol. The less someone weighs, the less body water and mass they have to absorb alcohol, which means they'll have a higher concentration of alcohol in their bloodstream and therefore a higher BAC. Sex assigned at birth can also affect how someone metabolizes alcohol. * Food: Eating something substantial, like a burger or pasta, before and/or while drinking can cause alcohol to spend more time in a person's stomach, where it is absorbed more slowly. * Time: The faster a person drinks, the faster their BAC rises. This is why activities such as drinking games and chugging put people at greater risk. Time is the only way to lower BAC. It can take an hour for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink. * Medications: Medications can change how the body reacts to alcohol. Drinkers should make sure to ask about possible interactions when they get a prescription and always read the label on any medication, even if it's over the counter.
Brain & Body Science: Other Drugs - Stimulants
* Stimulants ("uppers") increase activity in the body, brain, and nervous system and include cocaine and crack. Research has shown that stimulant medications that are prescribed to treat ADHD, such as dextroamphetamine (Adderall® and Dexedrine®) and methylphenidate (Ritalin® and Concerta®), do not enhance learning abilities in someone without ADHD.Footnote1 Stimulant use can lead to anxiety, erratic or violent behavior, panic attacks, psychosis, nasal damage (when inhaled), infection, damage to bowel tissue, and sudden death. Cocaine and crack are both highly addictive. * Med Myths People may use (or misuse) prescription drugs for a variety of reasons. Whatever the reason, it's important to be aware of the potential side effects and consequences. Just because a medication is safe for someone it's prescribed to doesn't mean it's safe for everyone. For instance, a person with ADHD has differences in how their brain functions that stimulant medications like Adderall® are specifically designed to treat. The brain's prefrontal cortex works differently in people with ADHD,Footnote1 and because it is responsible for planning, decision-making, and other high-level cognitive functions, it can be harder for people with ADHD to pay attention, control impulsivity, or refrain from disruptive behavior.Footnote2, 3 ADHD medications treat and normalize these specific differences, making it easier for individuals with ADHD to go about their lives. Of course, all drugs do have risks.
Vaping: Know What You're Breathing In
* Vaping has been marketed as a "healthier alternative" to smoking cigarettes. But calling something "less harmful" than smoking can be very misleading. Numerous studies have revealed that smoking harms nearly every organ in the body. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. You can see how that leaves a lot of room for other, really harmful things to be called "less harmful." While vaping doesn't have all the same risks as smoking tobacco, it does share some of them, and it also comes with new risks that aren't associated with smoking. * How does vaping work? Vaping devices come in different forms. You may hear them called e-cigarettes, e-cigs, vapes, vape pens, mods, or tanks...they're all in the same family. Some vaping devices are known by their brand names, like JUUL®. Vaping devices include a mouthpiece, a cartridge that holds a liquid solution, and a battery-powered heater. When in use, the heating element turns the liquid solution into an aerosol (often called vapor), which is inhaled by the user. * What's in that liquid solution? First off, it typically contains nicotine — and lots of it. A single JUUL® pod, for example, contains about as much nicotine as an entire pack of cigarettes. Unfortunately, many users don't realize the pods contain nicotine at all. Nicotine is highly addictive, and it can also cause problems in the heart, lungs, digestive system, and other organs. In addition to nicotine, the inhaled aerosol ( "vapor") is full of fine particles, many of which contain toxic chemicals that have been linked to cancer, respiratory disease, and heart disease.6 The average liquid contains over 60 chemicals known to be toxic to humans — and still more in aerosol form. Vaping liquids and other products contain a lot of unknowns. They contain various flavoring agents that haven't been fully studied. Also, a lot of e-cigarettes are labeled inaccurately — so you can't necessarily trust the ingredients and quantities listed.
And what percentage of students did not consume any alcohol during the past 2 weeks?
61% of incoming students didn't drink alcohol. About 61% of incoming college students reported not drinking any alcohol during the two weeks prior to taking AlcoholEdu — including students who reported not drinking in the past year. Research indicates that the number of high school and college students who drink alcohol has been declining.
Brownouts vs. Blackouts
A blackout happens when someone drinks enough to impair the brain's ability to form new memories. A brownout isn't all that different. When people have brownouts, they may not initially remember something that happened, but when prompted to remember, they can eventually pull their memories together. When people have brownouts or blackouts, they are putting themselves at serious risk of harm. At this level of inebriation, decision-making and judgment are severely impaired, so the choices they make and the actions they take can be compromised and potentially dangerous — to themselves and others. A person in this condition is generally considered incapacitated and not able to give or obtain consent for sexual activity. If a person experiences frequent brownouts or blackouts, it could be a sign that they are developing a substance use disorder.
Possession of Personal Use Amounts of Controlled Substances: No Prior Convictions
A person who has not been convicted of a federal or state criminal offense relating to a controlled substance may be subject to a civil penalty for possession of personal use amounts of certain controlled substances, including heroin, cocaine, PCP, methamphetamine, and 1,000 or more marijuana plants.
Controlled Substance Crimes
A person who unlawfully sells a small amount of marijuana for no remuneration, or who unlawfully possesses a small amount of marijuana, is guilty of a petty misdemeanor. A person convicted of such an unlawful sale and who is subsequently convicted of another unlawful sale within two years is guilty of a misdemeanor. A person who willfully and intentionally fails to comply with the sentence imposed is guilty of a misdemeanor. Penalties: First offense: Participation in a drug education program, unless the court enters a written finding that a drug education program is inappropriate. Second offense within 2 years: Participation in a chemical dependency evaluation and treatment, if so indicated by the evaluation.
Responding to an Emergency
A potential overdose is an emergency situation, and you need to act quickly. Minutes matter and can make a difference in someone's survival. When people are using alcohol or other drugs, it can be hard for them to recognize when someone around them is having an emergency, or remember how to respond. * Call for help * Monitor Breathing * Perform rescue breathing or CPR if the person is unresponsive/not breathing (respiratory failure is the most common cause of many overdose deaths). * Move to recovery position (unconscious but still breathing: roll person to the side, bend their knees to right angles, keep airway open by tilting the head to the side and gently lifting)(conscious but breathing: keep them awake and sitting up) * Don't leave * Figure out what happened
Standard Drink
A standard drink is a unit of measurement. In the United States, a standard drink contains 0.6 fluid ounces of alcohol. Thus, it is the amount of any beverage that contains about 14 grams/0.6 oz of pure alcohol. Examples: 12 oz beer/hard seltzer, 5 oz wine, 1.5 oz liquor (like vodka or rum) Mixed drinks usually contain more than one standard drink.
Substance Use Disorders
A substance use disorder (sometimes referred to as an addiction) is a medical disorder marked by ongoing use of alcohol and/or other drugs despite a negative impact on emotional and physical health, relationships, school, and other areas of responsibility. A substance use disorder (SUD) can be considered mild, moderate, or severe, depending on how many symptoms someone experiences. SymptomsFootnote1 can be both mental and physical.
Substance Use Disorders
A substance use disorder (sometimes referred to as an addiction) is a medical disorder marked by ongoing use of alcohol and/or other drugs despite its negative impact on emotional and physical health, relationships, school, and other areas of responsibility. A substance use disorder (SUD) can be considered mild, moderate, or severe, depending on how many symptoms someone experiences.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) (Levels)
Above .35 Slowed heart rate and breathing; potential coma or death. BAC result between .21 - .35 Total mental confusion; needs assistance walking; loss of consciousness. .21 - .35 Total mental confusion; needs assistance walking; loss of consciousness. BAC result between .11 - .20 Confusion, dizziness, slurred speech, slower reaction time and lack of balance. Vomiting, sleepiness, and blackouts may occur. .11 - .20 Confusion, dizziness, slurred speech, slower reaction time and lack of balance. Vomiting, sleepiness, and blackouts may occur. BAC result between .05 - .10 Lack of muscle coordination (balance, speech, vision, reaction time); impaired judgment and memory. .05 - .10 Lack of muscle coordination (balance, speech, vision, reaction time); impaired judgment and memory. BAC result Under .04 Warm feelings; lowered inhibitions; coordination and judgment may start to be affected. Under .04 Warm feelings; lowered inhibitions; coordination and judgment may start to be affected.
Introduction to Community
Alcohol and other drug use impacts communities in many ways, including the community you'll be joining as a college student. Even if you don't drink or use drugs, you can still be impacted by these issues. This course is intended to engage all students in creating a safe and healthy college experience. It's designed to help you build supportive and respectful relationships and be a positive influence in your community.
Brain & Body Science: Alcohol
Alcohol impacts the body and the brain, such as the cerebellum (motor control and equilibrium), hippocampus (memory), central nervous system (brain functions), liver (detoxifies), pancreas (enzymes that aid in digestion and hormones that help regulate the metabolism of sugars), stomach (increased acidity), bladder, kidneys, etc.
Biphasic effect
Alcohol is a drug that has a biphasic (meaning two-phase) effect, related to BAC. During the first phase of this effect, when someone has had no more than a couple of drinks (like one or two), they might feel okay — or even a bit buzzed. But there's a second phase (that generally begins when BAC rises above .04%) when some of the more negative effects of alcohol kick in. Explore areas along the curve to see what someone could experience at various ranges of BAC.
Alcohol Overdose
Alcohol overdose (aka alcohol poisoning) results from drinking too much, too fast. Remember, what is "too much" is not the same for everyone. Crucial areas of the brain and body can shut down as a result of alcohol poisoning, leading to coma or even death. Someone may be experiencing alcohol overdose if they: * Are passed out or not fully conscious; they can't fully wake up or speak clearly * Vomit, but are still unresponsive * Have cool, clammy skin (a sign of shock). In people with lighter skin, their face may seem bluish or pale. In people with darker skin, color changes may be visible in their nail beds, inside their mouth, or underneath their eyelids * Have slow or irregular breathing
A Risky Mix
Alcohol slows down central nervous system functions and brain activity. Mixing alcohol with other drugs can be especially dangerous — even deadly. Even mixing alcohol with some over-the-counter products, such as allergy, cold, and flu medicines, can be harmful and risky. * Alcohol +Stimulants Can mask the effects of alcohol leading to over-drinking and consequences such as alcohol poisoning and an increased risk of overdose or sudden death. * Alcohol +Energy Drinks The stimulant effect of the caffeine found in energy drinks can mask the feeling of alcohol impairment, making people feel less drunk than they actually are. Additional side effects include heart palpitations, difficulty sleeping, agitation, tremors, irritability, and tension. * Alcohol +Depressants and Opioids Can greatly depress central nervous system functions, slowing heart rate and breathing, potentially leading to unconsciousness, coma, and even death. * Alcohol +Cannabis Can cause slowed mental processes, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and impaired driving ability. Alcohol can cause faster absorption of THC, leading to an unpleasant effect known as "greening out." Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, sweating, and vomiting. * Alcohol +Over-the-CounterPain Meds Can cause liver damage (acetaminophen) or upset stomach, internal bleeding, and ulcers (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen). * Alcohol +Rohypnol® Risk of decreased heart rate, slowed breathing, and unconsciousness; death can result due to extreme levels of sedation. * Alcohol +Steroids Can cause liver damage, suppress the immune system, and increase the risk of violent behavior. * Alcohol +Birth Control Drinking alcohol does not reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, but oral contraceptives do cause alcohol to leave the body at a slower rate, potentially exaggerating alcohol's effects.
Conviction of Possession or Distribution of Controlled Substances: Effect on Student Aid
An individual who is convicted of a federal or state offense for possession or distribution of controlled substances shall be ineligible for federal student aid.
Recognizing an Overdose
An overdose occurs when a toxic amount of one or more drugs is taken. Combining substances, such as alcohol and other drugs, can significantly increase the odds of an overdose. Overdoses can be fatal and should be treated as a medical emergency.
What is Anxiety?
Anxiety is excessive nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worry. It's often a response to ambiguity or uncertainty. When we're faced with the unknown, anxiety can kick in. Like stress, it's not always bad. Many people experience anxiety, and it's a normal response to things like academic pressure or deadlines. However, anxiety can also seriously impact someone's life and ability to function, and knowing how to keep anxiety in check is an important skill. If stress or anxiety are causing extreme physical symptoms or regularly preventing you from attending events, reaching your academic goals, or socializing, reaching out for support is a great option. In addition, everyone can benefit from knowing how to manage symptoms. Developing habits that help you manage stress and anxiety is a great life skill.
Attempting or Conspiring to Commit a Drug Offense
Any person who attempts or conspires to commit a drug offense under the CSA shall be subject to the same penalties as those prescribed for the offense, the commission of which was the object of the attempt or conspiracy.
Distribution, Possession with Intent to Distribute, or Manufacturing of a Controlled Substance Near a School
Any person who distributes, or possesses with intent to distribute, or manufactures a controlled substance within 1,000 feet of a school, including a public or private college, junior college, or university, is subject to increased penalties.
Affirmative Consent
At the University of Minnesota, affirmative consent is defined as freely and affirmatively communicated words or actions given by an informed individual that a sober reasonable person under the circumstances would believe communicate a willingness to participate in the sexual contact. The following factors will be considered when determining whether affirmative consent was given. * Each individual who wishes to engage in sexual contact is responsible for obtaining consent from the other individual or individuals who intend to be involved in the sexual contact. * A lack of protest, the absence of resistance, and silence do not by themselves indicate consent. * The existence of a present or past sexual, dating, or other romantic relationship between the individuals involved does not by itself imply consent to sexual contact. * Consent must be present throughout the sexual contact and may be given and withdrawn at any time. * When consent is withdrawn, all sexual contact must stop. Where there is confusion about the state of consent, sexual contact must stop until the individuals have verified the affirmative consent of all individuals involved. * Consent to one form of sexual contact does not by itself constitute consent to another form of sexual contact. Consent is not obtained where: * An individual is compelled to engage in unwanted sexual contact through the use of coercion. Coercion may consist of physical force, intimidation, threats, or severe or persistent pressure that would reasonably cause an individual to fear significant consequences if they refuse to engage in sexual contact. * An individual involved in sexual contact is incapacitated due to the influence of drugs or alcohol, and a reasonable person would know of this incapacitation. Incapacitation due to the influence of drugs or alcohol is a state beyond mere intoxication or impaired judgment. Some indicators of incapacitation due to the influence of drugs or alcohol may include:A lack of control over one's physical movement (for example, an inability to walk or stand without stumbling or assistance).An inability to effectively communicate (for example, where one's speech is heavily slurred, incomprehensible, or nonsensical).A lack of awareness of one's circumstances or surroundings (for example, a lack of awareness of where one is, how one got there, who one is with, and how or why one became engaged in sexual contact). * An individual involved in sexual contact is unable to communicate or understand the nature or extent of the sexual situation because of a physical or mental condition. * An individual involved in sexual contact is asleep, unconscious or involuntarily physically restrained. Sexual intercourse occurs with an individual who is not of legal age to give consent pursuant to Minnesota state law. Sexual intercourse occurs between parties who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by Minnesota state law.
Understanding Physiology (BAC)
BAC typically rises more quickly for females than males. Water in the body dilutes alcohol in the bloodstream, and women's bodies typically have less water than men's. So, even if they drink the same amount, a woman's BAC will likely be higher than a man's. There is also an enzyme in the stomach that helps the body process alcohol — and men have more of it than women do. For people using hormone therapies, including some transgender people, there may be an impact on alcohol processing, but not enough research has been done to have a detailed picture. There also isn't a lot of research yet on if and how alcohol differently affects intersex people.
No excuses!
Being drunk is never an excuse or a reason for committing sexual violence, and it is never the survivors fault for having been assaulted, regardless of whether or not they were drinking. While many sexual assaults that occur on college campuses involve alcohol, alcohol use does not cause sexual assault.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) refers to the percent of alcohol (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) in a person's blood stream. A BAC of . 10% means that an individual's blood supply contains one part alcohol for every 1000 parts blood. Many factors affect BAC and how intoxicated someone gets while drinking. This means that even if two people drink the same amount of alcohol, their BACs can be different.
Consent
Consent occurs when someone says "yes," gives permission, or clearly agrees, through mutually understood words or actions, to a specific sexual activity. Someone initiating a sexual situation is responsible for seeking consent from their partner. Sexual assault occurs when one person does not give consent -- or the other person does not get consent -- during the activity.
Just Don't...
Contain the curiosity, don't persuade, check assumptions, be inclusive, be considerate, abstainers aren't caretakers, and check in and offer support.
Is it safe and legal to drive after using cannabis?
DUIs aren't just for alcohol. When a person drives after using any drug that impairs driving (including cannabis and prescription drugs), it's considered driving under the influence. Be aware that many states also have "open container" rules for cannabis. It may be illegal to drive with cannabis in unsealed containers within reach of the driver.
Variability in Alcoholic Drinks
Drinks might all look alike because they're about the same size, but the amount of alcohol — and the number of standard drinks — in each one can be very different. Example: * Craft Beer: Microbrews can have more than 10% alcohol, with many going even higher. If 12 ounces of a 10% alcohol craft beer is at least two standard drinks (and some microbrews come in even larger containers), it's possible to drink a lot more than intended. * Flavored Alcoholic Beverage: The sweet taste of these beverages can be deceptive, and the amount of alcohol in them can vary greatly - from 4% to 12% or more. A 12 ounce can or bottle might have one, two, three, or more standard drinks in it. Be sure to read the label. * Beer: A 12 ounce can or bottle of beer can contain 4% to 6% alcohol and is equal to one standard drink. * Malt Liquor: Malt beverages can have up to 20% alcohol. That's more than four standard drinks in a 12 ounce can. To be sure, read the label.
Drug Paraphernalia
Drug paraphernalia means equipment used primarily in (1) manufacturing a controlled substance, (2) injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance, (3) testing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled substance, or (4) enhancing the effect of a controlled substance. It's a petty misdemeanor to knowingly or intentionally use or to possess drug paraphernalia. Penalties: Under three violations: Fine up to $300. Third and subsequent violations: Imprisonment for up to 90 days and/or a $1,000 fine.
Recovery
In 2017 a survey estimated over 19.7 million Americans have a substance use disorder. It is likely you have — or will have — a friend or loved one in recovery. Developing a better understanding of recovery can help you support someone you care about, and also may be useful in your own journey. The definition of recovery can include abstaining from substance use (or significantly cutting back), being honest with oneself, being confident in your beliefs, and contributing to the health and well being of your community. People in recovery can experience improved health, perform better at work and school, report better relationships, happier lives, and more resilience. Many people in recovery say their optimism about the future is the best part.
You may be surprised (or maybe not!) to learn that lots of other students choose not to drink while in college. What percentage of incoming students did NOT consume any alcohol during the past year?
In this past year, 36% of incoming students didn't drink alcohol. Despite some people's assumption that drinking alcohol is a big part of college life, data shows that not drinking is actually pretty common. About 36% of incoming college students reported not drinking any alcohol during the past year. That's more than one in three students.
Incapacitation and impairment:
Incapacitation and impairment: Consent cannot be given if a person is mentally or physically incapacitated, even if they say "yes". Incapacitation means they are not able to accurately evaluate and make informed, rational decisions because of impairment due to use of alcohol and/or other drugs (or a mental or physical condition, like being unconscious or asleep). A person who commits sexual assault may intentionally use alcohol to make a target more vulnerable.
Importing Controlled Substances
It's a crime to cross a state or international border into Minnesota while in possession of an amount of a controlled substance that constitutes a first-degree controlled substance crime. It's also a crime to conspire with or employ a person under 18 to cross a border in possession of an amount of a controlled substance that constitutes a first-degree controlled substance crime. Penalties: Imprisonment up to 35 years and/or up to a $1.25 million fine.
Intent to Manufacture Methamphetamine
It's a crime to possess chemical reagents or precursors with the intent to manufacture methamphetamine. Penalties: First offense: Imprisonment for up to 10 years and/or up to a $20,000 fine. Subsequent offense: Imprisonment for up to 15 years and/or up to a $30,000 fine.
Possessing a Controlled Substance without a Prescription
It's a federal crime to possess a controlled substance unless it was obtained through a valid prescription.
Drug Paraphernalia
It's a federal crime to sell or offer for sale drug paraphernalia.
Underage Drinking and Driving
It's a misdemeanor for a person under 21 to drive, operate, or be in physical control of a motor vehicle while consuming alcoholic beverages, or after having consumed alcoholic beverages while there is physical evidence of the consumption present in the person's body. Penalties: First offense: Driver's license suspended for 30 days. Possible imprisonment of up to 90 days and/or a fine up to $1,000. Subsequent offense: License suspended for 180 days. Possible imprisonment of up to 90 days and/or a fine up to $1,000.
Underage Drinking, Purchase, Possession
It's illegal for a person under 21 to buy, possess, or consume alcohol or to claim to be 21 years or older in order to buy alcohol. With respect to buying, possessing, consuming, selling, furnishing, and serving alcoholic beverages, a person is not 21 years of age until 8:00 a.m. on the day of that person's 21st birthday. Exceptions: minors may possess alcohol in the home of a parent or guardian. They may consume alcohol in the home and with the consent of the parent or guardian. They may purchase alcohol under the supervision of a responsible person over 21 for training, education, or research purposes. A person will not be subject to prosecution for consumption or possession of alcohol if the person contacts a 911 operator to report that the person or another person is in need of medical assistance for an immediate health or safety concern, provided that the person who initiates contact is the first person to make such a report, provides a name and contact information, remains on the scene until assistance arrives, and cooperates with the authorities at the scene. The person who required assistance is also immune from prosecution. Penalties: A minimum $100 fine must be assessed for any of these offenses. In addition, they may be charged as misdemeanors with imprisonment of up to 90 days and/or a fine up to $1,000. Driver's license will be suspended for 30 days (180 days if there was a previous violation).
Drinking and Driving
It's illegal to drive with a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .08 or higher (or .04 or higher, for a commercial vehicle), with any amount of most controlled substances, or under the influence of an intoxicating substance if the person knows or has reason to know that the substance can cause impairment. Penalties: Depending on whether it's a first offense or a repeat offense, whether there have been multiple violations within a certain time period, violations may be treated as a misdemeanor, a gross misdemeanor, or a felony, with penalties up to imprisonment for 7 years and/or a fine of $14,000.
False Identification
It's illegal: * For someone under 21 to use a false identification to purchase or attempt to purchase an alcoholic beverage * To let someone under 21 use an identification to purchase an alcoholic beverage It is unlawful for anyone to use a driver's license: * That's cancelled, revoked, suspended, fictitious, or fraudulently altered * By lending it to someone else or representing someone else's card as your own * To commit fraud or to help someone else to commit fraud * To apply for a false identification * To allow any unlawful use of your card * It's a separate crime for any person to manufacture or distribute a fraudulent identification card or a fraudulent license to operate a motor vehicle.
Federal Laws
It's important to understand the policies and laws that can affect you and the people you care about. We encourage you to become educated about your rights and responsibilities, and we want to support you in making choices that help you achieve your goals. Our school follows federal, state, and local laws, and all members of our community are expected to abide by these laws and our policies. We prohibit the unlawful possession, use, and distribution of illicit drugs and alcohol and will impose sanctions, up to and including expulsion, when standards of conduct are violated. Two important federal laws relating to alcohol and other drugs are the National Minimum Drinking Age Act and the Controlled Substances Act.
Drug Laws (Marijuana)
Marijuana Prohibited on Campus Note: Use and possession of marijuana is prohibited by the Student Conduct Code and is not permitted on campus. In addition to being a federal offense under the Controlled Substances Act, the use of medical marijuana in the workplace and on campus is restricted by federal laws, such as the federal Drug-Free Workplace Act and the federal Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act. Those federal laws require our institution to prohibit the use and possession of marijuana on campus. Definitions Controlled substance means a drug, substance, or immediate precursor in the 5 schedules of controlled substances. Immediate precursor means the principal compound commonly used or produced for use, and which is an immediate chemical intermediary used or likely to be used in the manufacture of a controlled substance, Marijuana means all parts of the plant of any species of the genus Cannabis, but does not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, or any other compound or preparation of such mature stalks, except the resin, fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. Medical Marijuana is legal in Minnesota.
UMN Subd. 7. Medical Amnesty (Good Samaritan Policy)
Medical amnesty shall align with Minnesota Statutes § 340A.503, Subd. 8, and it shall mean that a student is not subject to Student Conduct Code disciplinary sanctions for underage possession and consumption of alcohol if the student contacts a 911 operator to report that the student or another student is in need of medical assistance for an immediate health or safety concern. To be eligible for medical amnesty, the student who initiates contact must be the first person to make such a report, must provide a name and contact information, must remain on the scene until assistance arrives, and must cooperate with the 1 Portions used with permission from New York Institute of Technology and University of Texas, San Antonio. Board of Regents Policy: Student Conduct Code Category: Academic Last Amended: October 13, 2017 Page 3 of 8 authorities at the scene. The student who receives medical assistance and up to two students acting in concert with the student initiating contact with a 911 operator shall also be immune from disciplinary sanctions.
If cannabis is legal in my state, is it allowed on campus?
No. It is still illegal to use, possess, or distribute cannabis on campus. Why? Almost all colleges and universities (including private institutions) receive federal funding, and as a result they are required to abide by federal laws. Because cannabis is still illegal at the federal level, it's not legal to have or use on campus. Use or possession may result in suspension or probation, and/or a loss of scholarships, jobs, internships, or student housing. It can also result in criminal charges.
Alcohol & Consent
One way that alcohol can affect relationships is around physical intimacy. Alcohol use affects people's judgment. Being buzzed or drunk makes it hard to communicate clearly, including getting someone's consent for sexual activity, or recognizing when a person has not given their clear affirmative consent. A person is always responsible for obtaining clear consent for sexual activity regardless of whether they have been drinking alcohol.
What's the Proof?
Overpouring liquor can quickly lead to consuming more alcohol than intended. 1.5 ounces is a standard drink for most hard liquor (like vodka, tequila or rum) which contains 40% alcohol, but some liquors can have a much higher alcohol content. Liquor bottle labels display the amount of alcohol as either a percentage or proof. While the percentage of alcohol by volume is one way of understanding how much alcohol is in a drink, another number that comes up is something called "proof." Proof is another way to measure the amount of alcohol in a beverage. The alcohol content in a drink is half of its proof. For example, an alcoholic beverage that is 12% alcohol, like wine, would be 24 proof. An alcoholic beverage that is 40% alcohol, like tequila, would be 80 proof.
Goal Setting Success
Revisit your goals regularly: It's helpful to periodically revisit and review your goals to make sure they still reflect your current priorities and focus. There's no rule that says you can't change your goals: schedules can change, priorities can change, and energy levels can change. The more you make sure a goal fits well into your life, the higher the chance you'll succeed. Rely on teamwork: Some goals can be easier to meet when you have someone cheering you on or helping hold you accountable — if you can, find someone who wants to grow in the same ways you do, and partner up with them to help keep yourself motivated. Make your environment work for you: You're much more likely to succeed when your environment is set up for success. For example, if one of your goals is to make more art, you're much more likely to do it if your supplies are organized and ready to go. Environment can include more than just physical surroundings. For instance, if you're trying to do something social once a week that doesn't involve alcohol, it can be helpful to have friends in your social network who don't drink or who also want to engage in activities that don't involve alcohol. It can also help to be aware of non-alcohol-related events going on at your school and in your community. Keep trying: This is an important one. When people don't reach their goals, or don't achieve them as quickly as they want to, they can feel discouraged. People can get down on themselves, and may even give up. Instead of engaging in negative self-talk, it can be helpful to respond by reviewing your goals and revising your strategies. For example, maybe you were trying to meditate every morning, but you've been using the snooze button a lot on your alarm clock and haven't been very successful. Avoid thinking in negative absolutes, such as "I'll never get this." Instead, consider other options and tactics, such as: "Maybe mornings aren't a good time to get this habit going...honestly, I'm really not a morning person. I'll try meditating in the afternoon instead, while my roommate is at class." Be gentle on yourself: you're the key player in charge of accomplishing your goals, and self-compassion is a great support tool. Avoid the comparison game: It's easy to compare yourself to other people when it comes to achieving your goals. Whether doing this makes you feel better about yourself — or worse — try to avoid this pattern. It can result in feelings of shame, inadequacy, or superiority, and besides, it's not really an effective way to measure your own personal progress. We all come from different backgrounds filled with varying degrees of privilege and oppression. As a result, we never know whether we're comparing ourselves to someone else who had a big head start in life or to someone who had a lot to overcome. Remember what you're capable of: Remind yourself that you are capable of achieving, accomplishing, and doing great work. When thinking about trying to reach a new goal, you can give yourself a boost by recalling a time you accomplished a task that you're proud of.
The Controlled Substances Act ("CSA") establishes federal drug policy governing the manufacture and distribution of controlled substances that are categorized into five "Schedules," which are based on their potential for abuse and any medical benefits they provide, as follows:
Schedule I drugs are considered the most harmful with no medical benefits, such as heroin, MDMA, Psilocybin, LSD, Peyote, GHB, and marijuana. Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse and include cocaine, methamphetamine, opium, methadone, PCP, oxycodone, fentanyl, and morphine. Schedule III drugs have a potential for abuse that is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs, and have a currently accepted medical use in treatment. Schedule III drugs include anabolic steroids, hydrocodone, codeine, marinol, and ketamine. Schedule IV drugs include benzodiazepines (such as alprazolam, clonazepam, and diazepam), and rohypnol (roofies), which have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule III drugs and have currently accepted medical uses. Schedule V drugs have a very low risk of dependency and include prescription drugs with very low potency. The CSA requires every person who manufactures, distributes, imports, and exports any drug to register under the law, and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) enforces the CSA.
Drug Schedules
Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals have no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Some examples are heroin, LSD, marijuana (cannabis), mescaline, ecstasy, and peyote. Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals have a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. They are also considered dangerous. Some examples are opium, codeine, morphine, cocaine, fentanyl, and methamphetamines. Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals have a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Their abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs, but more than Schedule IV. Some examples are Tylenol with codeine, depressants, narcotic drugs, anabolic steroids, and testosterone. Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals have a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples are narcotics like Darvon and Darvocet, depressants like diazepam, and stimulants. Schedule V drugs, substances, or chemicals have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and contain limited quantities of certain narcotics, depressants, and stimulants.
What if someone has a prescription for medicinal cannabis use?
Schools that accept federal money are subject to federal rules and laws. Medicinal or "medical" marijuana/cannabis is illegal at the federal level (even though various states have legalized it), and therefore it is not legal to have or use on campus.
The Bottom Line
Stress and anxiety management are lifelong goals for everyone, and it's very normal to experience stress and anxiety as you start college. Develop a solid routine to keep your stress and anxiety levels manageable, and reach out — to friends, to family, and to professionals — if you need support. Be patient with yourself — it can take a while to develop a social network in a new environment. College comes with lots of chances to meet new, interesting, and supportive people. Self-care is important, and it's a skill set that can be developed and practiced.
What is Stress?
Stress is one of the ways your body reacts to a challenge. You should be aware that not all stress is bad — some stress can actually improve focus and motivation. However, extreme stress can be problematic. Stress can produce a physiological, hormonal reaction that manifests in symptoms like anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and trouble sleeping. Some stress is fairly normal, like stress from a test, giving a presentation, or a challenging assignment. Stress that is more frequent or severe, or that substantially impacts your ability to function, can be more challenging to manage. In this case, consider talking with a professional.
Drug Overdose
Symptoms of drug overdose vary widely. Drug overdoses are extremely serious and can result in death. People can overdose the first time they try a drug. Someone may be experiencing a drug overdose if they are: * Unresponsive, experiencing loss of consciousness, or awake but unable to talk * Having difficulty breathing. Breathing is slow, shallow, erratic or has stopped * Staggering and unsteady, unable to maintain balance * Aggressive, violent, agitated, delusional, paranoid, or having hallucinations * Nauseous or vomiting * Sweating profusely, have a fever, or have very hot or dry skin
Withdrawal
The physical symptoms of withdrawal occur when use of a substance is discontinued.
Health risks of vaping
There's a lot of research still to be done, but here's what we know now: * Nicotine is highly addictive and can lead to long-term health problems (damage to heart health, lung health, etc.) * There is evidence that nicotine changes the way a person's brain functions (especially young people's brains), making them more likely to become dependent on other substances. * Vaping introduces a lot of chemicals into the lungs and body — some of which are known to be hazardous. * Vaping increases the risk for lung disease, cancer, and upper respiratory infections * Vaping is not healthy for people who are pregnant * Vaping is linked to a higher risk of stroke, heart attack, and coronary artery disease. * And, as we mentioned previously, research on the long-term health effects of vaping is ongoing — it's very likely even more negative health effects will be uncovered.
National Minimum Drinking Age Act
This law requires states to prohibit people who are under 21 from purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. States that do not comply will not receive federal highway funds. Alcoholic beverage means beer, distilled spirits and wine containing one-half of one percent or more of alcohol by volume. Beer includes, but is not limited to, ale, lager, porter, stout, sake, and other similar fermented beverages brewed or produced from malt, wholly or in part or from any substitute therefore. Distilled spirits include alcohol, ethanol or spirits or wine in any form, including all dilutions and mixtures thereof from whatever process produced. Public possession means the possession of any alcoholic beverage for any reason, including consumption on any street or highway or in any public place or in any place open to the public (including a club which is de facto open to the public). The term does not apply to the possession of alcohol for an established religious purpose; when accompanied by a parent, spouse or legal guardian age 21 or older; for medical purposes when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital or medical institution; in private clubs or establishments; or to the sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful employment of a person under the age of twenty-one years by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of alcoholic beverages. Purchase means to acquire by the payment of money or other consideration.
Providing Alcohol to Persons Under 21
With the exception of parents or guardians, it's a gross misdemeanor for anyone to give, sell, or furnish someone under 21 with alcoholic beverages. Penalties: Up to a $3,000 fine and a year in jail.
Can people develop a cannabis use disorder (addiction to cannabis)?
Yes. About one in ten people who use cannabis will develop a cannabis use disorder — and the number jumps to one in six if someone starts using before age 18.
Can you tell a healthcare provider about cannabis use?
Yes. Healthcare providers are required to keep your health information private, so they will not report drug use to the authorities. If someone is on their parent's or guardian's health plan, keep in mind they may receive a bill that references visits for insurance purposes. Also note that if you are under 18, confidentiality rules vary by state — it is rare that a physician will tell a parent/guardian about substance use, but it can happen if a physician is very concerned about the patient's safety. If there's something you want to discuss with a healthcare provider but you're nervous about privacy, ask about your options ahead of time.
What makes a good goal?
You care about it: It might seem obvious, but a good goal will reflect something truly meaningful to you. Consider your core values and the kind of person you are (or want to be). Goals that are internally motivated are much more likely to stick than ones you're trying to accomplish because they seem like something you should be doing You can break it down: Setting short- and medium-term goals as stepping-stones to your larger goals can help you think more strategically and methodically about the best way to get where you want to go. They can also narrow your focus and keep you motivated. This kind of tactical planning boosts the odds of success. Plus, giant goals can sometimes feel overwhelming to even start on. When you have a smaller, more concrete way to begin, goals can feel more approachable and attainable. You can measure progress: When goals are measurable, it can be easier to keep up with them and track progress. For example, if you have a goal of helping to break down oppression, you could start by working to become more socially conscious. To improve this goal, try adding details you can measure. With a concrete sense of what success means, you can measure your progress towards your goals, and congratulate yourself when you finish. Also, don't forget to set timelines for when you want to accomplish each goal.
