ALHS 1060 - Nutrition Exam 1 Study

Mr. A is a 55-year old Black man being seen in a health clinic for hypertension. His blood pressure was 152/98 3 months ago when he was first diagnosed. It has remained below that level but has not returned to normal. Today his blood pressure is 146/100. Mr. A is 5 ft 9 in. tall and weighs 173 lb. He has a medium frame. When first diagnosed, he weighed 178 lb. A weight-loss diet with no added salt was prescribe, but progress has been slow. Now the physician is prescribing a 2-gram sodium diet and starting Mr. A on a mild potassium-wasting diuretic. The clinic nurse is responsible for instructing the client. 1. Before he or she instructs Mr. A, which of the following actions by the nurse would best ensure his compliance with the diet? A. Doing a financial analysis to see if Mr. A can afford the special foods on his new diet B. Finding out which favorite foods Mr. A would have most difficulty giving up C. Listing the possible consequences of hypertension if it is not controlled D. Asking to see Mrs. A to instruct her on the preparation of foods for the new diet 2. Which of the following breakfasts would be best for Mr. A? A. Applesauce, raisin bran, 1% milk, and a bagel with cream cheese B. Canned pears, cornflakes, whole milk, and a cholesterol-free plain doughnut C. Cooked prunes, instant oatmeal, 2% milk, and raisin toast with margarine D. Orange juice, shredded wheat, skim milk, and whole-wheat toast with jelly 3. Mr. A has agreed to limit his alcohol intake to two drinks per week. He asks the nurse to recommend beverages compatible with his diet. Which of the following is the best choice? A. Tomato juice and bouillon B. Buttermilk and club soda C. Plain tea and fruit juice D. Gatorade and lemonade

1. B 2. D 3. C

All of the following are considered unmodifiable risk factors in the prevention of heart disease except: A.Hypertension B.Personal medical history C.Family history D.Age

A

Dietary recommendations suggest making half of daily grain intake from: A.Whole grains B.Soluble fiber C.Insoluble fiber D.Unsaturated fats

A

If a client has a history of ketoacidosis, is he or she most likely has which type of diabetes: A. Type 1 B. Type 2 C. Pituitary D. Gestational

A

Mr. B buys as many low-fat foods as possible. He eats fat-free muffins for breakfast, eats low-fat brownies or cookies for lunch each day, uses only fat-free ice cream, and buys fat-free salad dressings. He eats little meat and chooses fat-free dairy products. He wonders why he hasn't lost more weight. The best advice is to encourage him to: A. Consider the amount of soda and sugar he consumes B. Eat even less meat C. Consume fewer dairy products D. Quit trying to lose weight

A

Mr. P complains of constipation. As his nurse, you would like to teach him to eat more insoluble fiber to help alleviate his discomfort. You should encourage the intake of: A. Wheat and corn bran, nuts, fruit skins, and dried beans B. Eggs, cheese, and chicken C. Milk, yogurt, and ice cream D. Oatmeal, barley, and broccoli

A

Ms. E attend a community health fair where she entered her recalled intake for the previous 24 hours into a computer for analysis. On the basis of the printout she was given, she now thinks she should begin taking vitamins and mineral supplements. A friend who is a nurse correctly bases her advice on the following: A. A 1-day diet recall offers inadequate data on which to base supplementation B. A hand recalculation should be done to verify the accuracy of the computer printout C. The RDAs on which computer programs are based are intended for only the 50% of the population who are obsessed with health D. Undoubtedly, the operators of the computer at the fair had a product to sell: "Let the buyer beware."

A

Overnutrition is caused by all of the following except: A.Inability to metabolize food intake B.Excessive intake of nutrients C. Often results from the use of self-prescribed over-the-counter vitamin and mineral supplements D.Also associated with eating too much food

A

The DASH diet to reduce hypertension emphasizes: A. Increased amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes B. Specialty formulas as meal replacements C. Carbohydrate control and counting similar to that used in diabetes mellitus treatment D. Increased amounts of protein through low-fat dairy products and large servings of meats

A

The client plays volleyball for the high school team and is moderately active during practices and games. Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) records indicate a daily glucose level of between 120 and 140 mg/dL before the time she usually plays volleyball. Which of the following behaviors are appropriate for her before playing? A. No additional food is indicated B. Increase intake by 15 grams of carbohydrate C. Decrease intake by 15 grams of carbohydrate D. Increase intake by one vegetable exchange and one fat exchange

A

The diet for reactive hypoglycemia includes the following features: A. Small, frequent meals with restricted simple sugars B. Three meals with ample simple sugars and high complex carbohydrate C. Four to six small meals that are high in fat D. Three high-carbohydrate meals that are moderate in fat

A

Which of the following is recommended during an acute onset illness in a diabetic client: A.Increasing water intake B.Decreasing water intake C.Decreasing exercise D.Increasing carbohydrate

A

Which of the following is true of the traditional Chinese yin and yang health belief system? A. A cold, or yin, condition is balanced by consuming hot, or yang, foods B. A hot condition is flushed with large quantities of cold water C. Rice is considered magical and is consumed at every meal D. Yang, or hot, foods include only foods served hot

A

Which of the following may cause diarrhea? A. A medication that contains sorbitol B. A lack of dietary fiber C. A lack of exercise D. An insufficient fluid intake

A

According to most health authorities, the average American would benefit by increasing his or her intake of which of the following fats while decreasing intake of other fats? A. Corn oil B. Olive oil C. Safflower oil D. Lard

B

Carbohydrate intake in the nutritional management of diabetes includes all of the following types of foods except: A.Grapes B.Lean chicken C.Broccoli D.Multigrain bread

B

Cholesterol is found: A. Only in saturated fats B. Only in foods of animal origin C. Mostly in eggs D. Only in triglycerides

B

For most clients, the cornerstone of treatment of type 2 diabetes is: A. Stress management B. Meal planning C. Strict adherence to five planned meals per day D. Hypoglycemic drugs

B

Health benefits of insoluble fiber include all of the following except: A.Promotes regularity B.May assist in breakdown of starches C.May reduce risk of some forms of cancer D.May reduce risk of diverticular diseas

B

Mr. P is a 65-year-old man, recently widowed, whose physician is recommending weight loss. Mr. P has had little experience with grocery shopping or cooking. Which of the following systems for instructing Mr. P would the nurse select to offer the best chance of success? A. A computerized diet analysis program B. ChooseMyPlate C. Exchange lists D. The RDA/AI tables

B

The client states, "I am getting tired of pricking my finger several times a day. Why can't I manage my diabetes with urine testing like my grandmother?" Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate? A. "The urine test is more accurate in older people." B. "The point at which sugar is spilled in the urine varies even for one individual. Therefore, the blood test is more accurate." C. "Urine tests are more costly." D. "The blood test is the newest thing. Your grandmother's doctor must be old-fashioned."

B

The following statement is true: A. Acute illness lowers blood glucose levels B. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is essential during episodes of acute illness in all persons with diabetes C. Persons with diabetes who have an acute illness require a vitamin and mineral supplement D. Persons with diabetes should never eat forms of simple sugar

B

Which of the following is a disaccharide? A. Glucose B. Lactose C. Fructose D. Galactose

B

Which of the following seasonings are permitted on a sodium-controlled diet? A. Catsup, horseradish, mustard, and tartar sauce B. Chili powder, green pepper, and caraway seeds C. Celery seeds, seasoned meat tenderizer, and teriyaki sauce D. Dry mustard, garlic, and Worcestershire sauce

B

Which of the following techniques is used to estimate the body's protein stores? A. Weighing the person under water B. Measuring midarm circumference C. Calculating the body mass index D. Determining triceps skinfolds

B

A healthy adult needs _________ grams of fiber each day. A. 5 to 11 B. 12 to 20 C. 21 to 38 D. More than 50

C

Excessive fat intake is linked to which of the following diseases: A.Type 1 diabetes B.Crohn's disease C.Heart disease D.Tay Sach's disease

C

Fats function in the body in all of the following ways except: A.Fuel source B.Fuel reserve C.Excretion D.Lubrication

C

Monoglycerides and diglycerides are names of lipids commonly seen: A. In clients' medical records B. On laboratory reports C. On food labels D. On clients' skin

C

Ms. C is concerned about the dangers associated with the consumption of artificial sweeteners and wants to know if they are safe. As a health-care worker, it is appropriate for you to: A. Ignore Ms. C's comments because you think she is overly concerned B. Assure her that the government wouldn't allow a food or herbal product to be sold if it was hazardous to her health C. Explain to her that no food is guaranteed to be 100% safe, and it is best to avoid artificial sweeteners if she is not comfortable with these products D. Refer her to the local health food store

C

Ms. N, a 14-year old, was diagnosed 1 year ago with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Her blood sugar levels have been stable on intermediate-acting insulin and a 370-gram CHO diet. The teenager is now being seen in the doctor's office for routine follow-up. The nurse is reviewing Ms. N's knowledge of self-care. To assess knowledge, the nurse asks how the client would handle a day when the client could not eat solid foods. Which of the following answers would show understanding of the usual procedure? A. Skip insulin that day B. Call the doctor after missing one meal. C. Replace the carbohydrates in the meal plan with liquids containing equal amounts of carbohydrate D. Take half her usual insulin dose and double the usual fluid intake

C

One ounce of very lean meat contains 1 gram of fat and 35 kilocalories. What percentage of kilocalories comes from fat? A. 9 B. 20 C. 26 D. 49

C

Saturated fats are: A. Liquid at room temperature B. More likely to become rancid than other types of fats C. Primarily of animal origin D. Composed of many double carbon bonds

C

The first action of hypertensive client should take to lower blood pressure is to: A. Restrict fluid to 1500 mL per day B. Eliminate saturated fat from the diet C. Lose weight if necessary D. Limit sodium intake to 1 gram per day

C

Twelve grams of simple carbohydrate is equal to _________ teaspoons of sugar. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 8

C

When Mrs. L describes her regular intake of foods you observe that her diet is especially low in monounsaturated fats. Which of the following oils would you recommend be used in place of corn oil to increase her intake of monounsaturated fats? A. Sunflower seed B. Soybean C. Olive D. Cottonseed

C

Which of the following adheres to strict kosher regulations? A. Avoiding cheese and cheese products B. Eating only certain cuts of pork C. Keeping separate utensils and dishes for meat and dairy meals D. Serving lobster, clams, and shrimp only on festive occasions

C

Dietary guidelines for people with diabetes include: A. One serving of alcohol daily B. Consume no more than 2000 milligrams of sodium each day C. Restrict fat intake to less than 10% of total kilocalories D. Consume at least 20 to 35 grams of fiber each day

D

Factors related to cavity formation include all of the following except: A.Food texture B.Frequency of food intake C.Acidity of food D.Fibrous foods

D

Intake that meets the needs of 97 to 98% of individuals in a defined group is called A. Acceptable macronutrient distribution range B. Adequate intakes C. Estimated average requirements D. Recommended dietary allowances

D

Lifestyle changes that are recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease risk limit saturated and trans-fat intake to _______% of daily kilocalories and cholesterol to _______ milligrams per day. A. 45, 450 B. 30, 300 C. 15, 250 D. 7, 200

D

Mr. J claims he is trying to lose weight, and his urinalysis shows that his urine contains ketones (ketonuria). You should ask him: A. When he last ate B. How much milk, fruit, and starch he usually eats C. What else he usually eats D. All of the above

D

Mrs. S, 50 years old, has a cholesterol level of 233 mg/dL. She weighs 125 lb and is 5 ft, 5 in. tall. The dietitian has estimated her body fat content to be 35%. When taking a nursing history, the nurse asks Mrs. S if she eats any foods that may be related to her elevated cholesterol level. Which of the following groups of foods are most related to an elevated cholesterol level? A. Vegetable oils such as corn, cottonseed, and soybean B. Fruits and vegetables C. Starches such as bread, potatoes, rice and pasta D. Animal fats such as butter, meats, lard, and bacon

D

Ms. G has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. She is a Native American who has left her reservation for employment in town. Which of the following actions by the nurse shows respect for Ms. G's culture? A. Instructing her to increase her intake of vegetables B. Telling her to lose weight and avoid alcohol and fast-food restaurants C. Giving Ms. G an instruction sheet based on the Food Exchange Lists D. Asking Ms. G how she "sees" or perceives diabetes in her life

D

Nutrients function to do all of the following except: A.Serve as a source of energy or heat B.Support the growth and maintenance of tissues C.Aid in the regulation of basic body processes D.Recognize foreign substances in the body

D

One slice of bread contains approximately __________ grams of carbohydrates. A. 5 B. 8 C. 10 D. 15

D

Which of the following is an energy nutrient? A. Phytochemicals B. Vitamins C. Minerals D. Carbohydrates

D

Which of the following lifestyle changes would have the greatest effect in reducing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? A. Limiting cholesterol intake to the recommended amount B. Consuming plants sterol in recommended amounts C.. Limiting alcohol intake to one (women) or two (men) standard drinks per day D. Eating five servings of fruit and vegetables daily

D