All chapters fp and e
An alternator's performance is tested under load and measured while the engine is at _____ rpm. 1,000 8,000 1,500 2,100
1,500
A charge pump supplies an output of approximately __________ of the hydrostatic pumps' output. 20% 25% 30% 50%
20%
The planetary gear set can be used to create __________, allowing torque and speed to pass through the gear set unchanged. minimum forward overdrive no axial thrust a direct drive no radial thrust
A direct drive
A typical electrical problem that can cause starting system problems includes____________. hydrostatic lock from liquid in the cylinder(s) a faulty control circuit seized pistons or bearings leaky fuel pressure regulator
A faulty control circuit
If the carrier is the input member of the gear set, the result will always be ______________. a forward reduction ratio a forward overdrive ratio a forward underdrive ratio reverse
A forward overdrive ratio
Which combination of components best describes a hydrostatic transmission? A positive displacement pump and a non-positive displacement motor A non- positive displacement pump and a non-positive displacement motor A non- positive displacement pump a positive displacement motor A positive displacement pump and positive displacement motor
A positive displacement pump and positive displacement motor
What type of voltage regulator regulates the field current by controlling the resistance through to ground? "A" type "I" type Isolated field-type "B" type
A type
Which type of pump is best suited for a closed loop circuit? A variable unbalanced vane pump A reversible bent axis position pump A variable reversible inline piston pump A variable reversible vane pump
A variable reversible inline piston pump
A (an) is an energy storage device. accumulator filter motor reservoir
Accumulator
Which of the following is an energy storage device? Actuator Accumulator Reservoir Cylinder
Accumulator
Fluid __________ is caused by outside air entering the fluid. Aeration Cavitation Displacement Motion
Aeration
Which of the following has a high reluctance to magnetic lines of force? Water Air Metals Electrolytes
Air
Foaming oil may be caused by: Wrong kind of oil Low oil level Air suction leak All of the above
All of above
What safety device(s) will disable the hydraulic and hydrostatics? Seat Belt Switch Seat Switch Safety Bar Switch All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is a measure of a battery's capacity? Reserve capacity Amp-hour Cranking amps Specific gravity
Amp-hour
Batteries for commercial vehicles using diesel engines are designed to supply high ___________ to the starting motor for short periods of time. amperage tolerance voltage resistance
Amperage
Excessive ________ through terminals and connectors will produce heat. voltage amperage wattage resistance
Amperage
Maximum _______ output of an alternator is limited by the speed at which an alternator rotates. DC voltage current amperage
Amperage
Measuring ___________ requires that the circuit be broken and the meter placed in series with the circuit so that all the current flows through the meter shunts. AC voltage amperage resistance
Amperage
Which of the following measures how many electrons are in movement at one time? Amperage Wattage Joule's Voltage
Amperage
Trickle chargers charge a battery at a low ___________. amperage rate voltage disconnect electrolyte level resistance connection
Amperage rate
Which of the following can improve lubrication of components subject to high contact pressure? Anti-foaming agents Demulsifiers Anti-wear additives Automatic transmission fluid
Antiwear additives
What is the only rotating component of the starter? Brushes Armatures Flywheels Pinions
Armatures
What is all matter made of? Atoms Ions Electrons Protons
Atoms
In electrostatic theory, negative charges are ____________ to positive charges. attracted transmitted converted distributed
Attracted
Which of the following circuits prevents the starter motor from operating if the engine is running? Faulty control Starter relay Automatic disengagement lockout Solenoid control
Automatic disengagement lockout
A pilot pressure line is used to: Actuate cylinders Actuate or control hydraulic valves Connect the reservoir to the main hydraulic pump Connect the reservoir to the auxiliary hydraulic pump
Aviate or control hydraulic valves
Alternators allow the reduction of _________ due to faster recharging rate. amperage battery capacity output capacity resistance
Battery capacity
Where would be a common point for resistances to develop? Alternator Radio transmitter Chassis frame Battery terminals
Battery terminals
Scan tools that can control selected vehicle components or initiate systems actuator or diagnostic tests on command are_______________. meters bi-directional controls graphical displays scopes
Bi-directional controls
What type of fluid or oil is now used in most industries, especially where machinery comes into contact with the environment? Petroleum-based Biodegradable Synthetic Fire-resistant
Biodegradable
Technician A says that to pump liquids, vane pumps use spring-loaded plates that are held in a slotted rotor to sweep fluids around an eccentric-shaped cavity. Technician B says that the vane pump's eccentric housing shape causes the cavity formed by the vanes at the pump inlet to progressively become smaller while sweeping fluid around to its outlet. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and Technician B Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Both a and b
Technician A says: "Hydrostatic drives are an excellent method of power transmission when variable output speed is required." Technician B says: "Hydrostatic drives outperform mechanical and electrical variable speed drives and gear type transmissions." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Both a and b
Technician A says: "Low oil level can cause foaming oil." Technician B says: "A restricted hydraulic filter can cause cavitation.." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Both a and b
Technician A says: "Skid steer loaders use variable displacement in-line piston pumps to power the wheel motors." Technician B says: "Fixed displacement piston motors are used to power the drive chain sprockets.. " Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Both a and b
Technician A says: "The pump servo control spring is centered in the neutral position" Technician B says: " Charge pump oil is routed to the manual servo control when the swash plate is moved off the vertical position by the operator." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Both a and b
What are the two types of hydraulic circuits? Open center Closed center Parallel center Both A and B
Both a and b
The function of a reservoir is to: Move oil Contain oil Dissipate heat from oil Both B & C
Both b and c
In the Simpson planetary gear set, the high and reverse clutch that inputs to the sun gear has a _________attached to it. friction plate brake band clutch hub reaction plate
Brake band
If electrolyte liquid is __________ in color, it would indicate the plates may be damaged or the electrolyte contaminated. reddish green clear brownish
Brownish
In an alternator, which of the following makes an electrical connection to the rotor field coil to supply current from the voltage regulator? Brushes/slip rings Bearings Stationary coils End frames
Brushes/slip rings
All simple planetary gears can produce the same seven ratios regardless of size. The key to figuring out which ratio will be achieved is the __________. ring gear sun gear pinions carrier
Carrier
Planetary gear ratios depend on the role of the ____________ in the power flow. ring gear carrier sun gear pinion
Carrier
__________ is the formation of air or gas bubbles at the inlet of the pump because the pump does not completely fill with fluid. Displacement Cavitation Aeration Pressurization
Cavitation
occurs when restricted inlet flow to the pump creates fluid voids that implode, causing shocks that break away critical surface material. Over-pressurization Contamination Excessive heat Cavitation
Cavitation
What needs to be sufficiently high enough to overcome a battery's natural resistance to current flow? Temperature Amperage Polarity Charging voltage
Charging voltage
Which of the following would slow a chemical reaction? Excessive torque Heat Excessive amperage Cold
Cold
What type of circuits are the most common ones used in a commercial vehicle chassis? Series Simple Combination Parallel
Combination
Atoms with the fewest electrons in its outer shell are the best ____________. insulators semiconductors conductors transistors
Conductors
Materials that hold electrons loosely enable electrons in its outer shell to easily move and are categorized as ____________. conductors resistors semiconductors insulators
Conductors
What type of chargers are direct current (DC) power supplies that step down transformers with a rectifier to provide the DC voltage for charging? Constant-voltage Pulsed Taper-current Intelligent
Constant-voltage
Tracing current flow in wiring diagrams is often easier using what theory perspective? Electron Hybrid Conventional Hole
Conventional
Which of the following is example of a galvanic reaction? Conduction Corrosion Combustion Induction
Corrosion
Electrolyte inside lead-acid batteries is ___________. excessively hot corrosive explosive contaminated
Corrosive
Which of the following opposes any increase in current induced in the stator by the spinning rotor? Rectification Counter electromotive force Magnetic lines of force Remote sensing
Counter electromotive force
All modern vehicles have a small amount of _________ when the ignition is turned off. electrical energy input voltage current draw constant amperage
Current draw
What might the cause be if the motor has a whine or siren sound just after starting? Very low temperature Damaged flywheel ring gear teeth High resistance at battery connection Short in starter
Damaged flywheel ring gear teeth
Which of the following may connect to the PC using a cable connected to a serial port, USB port, or wirelessly over the Internet or Bluetooth communication? Break-out box Vibration analyzers Break-out harnesses Data link adapters
Data link adapters
Any coil of wire in an electrical system can produce hundreds of volts when it is __________. energized sensitized de-energized polarized
De-energized
A test light is used to _____________________. measure low amperage check for resistance in high amperage circuits determine the presence or absence of current replace a fast-blowing shunt
Determine the presence or absence of current
The seventh ratio in a simple planetary gearset is called ___________. direct drive driven-overdrive underdrive overdrive
Direct drive
An open loop circuit may be used in situations where the same pump drives more than one load. If the pump supplies fluid to a or valves that control the different actuators, a fixed- displacement pump may be used. Variable flow control valve Variable pressure control valve Directional control valve Flow divider valve
Directional control valve
What is used to couple the alternator to the engine? Drive gear V-type belt Tensioner Pulley
Drive gear
What type of pump is a pump and control system designed specifically for one application: operating the hoist on a dump truck? Piston pump External gear pump Dump pump Vane pump
Dump pump
Flow rate is measured in: Gallons per minute Liters per minute Either A or B None of the above
Either a or b
When describing the flow of electricity, a circuit's voltage and amperage together is called _________________. electrostatic force electric current potential difference electron theory of current movement
Electric current
Understanding __________ _____________ is the foundation of understanding Electrical Current. Electrical conduction electrical resistance polarity forces of repulsion and attraction
Electrical conduction
Which of the following is the movement of particles from one point to another? Resistance Electricity Direct current Polarity
Electricity
Flooded cell batteries can be manufactured with or without ___________. fine glass pure water electrolytes insulator material
Electrolytes
What is produced when a straight current-carrying conductor is formed into a single loop? Photovoltaic energy Galvanic reaction Electromagnet Electric charges
Electromagnet
The alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by _____________. changing AC current polarity controlling the resistance through to ground electromagnetic induction sensing and maintaining a required charging system output voltage
Electromagnetic induction
A proton (+) charge attracts a(n)_______________charge. electron (-) proton (+) electron (+) proton (-)
Electron (-)
Only ___________ can be removed or added to an atom. ions electrons neutrons protons
Electrons
Which of the following travel in different layers or shells around a nucleus? Ions Neutrons Protons Electrons
Electrons
What device uses a thermocoupler to measure exhaust temperature? YAW sensors Engine pyrometer TED Continuous duty relays operating
Engine pyrometer
Broken and loose alternator mounting may indicate damage from which of the following? Engine torsional vibration No current feed to internal regulator Improperly adjusted voltage regulator Resistive voltage sensing lead contact at alternator or electrical system
Engine torsional vibration
Flow from a positive displacement pump, also called a __________ pump, varies according to rotational speed. Rotary displacement Fixed displacement Variable displacement Constant pressur
Fixed displacement
What type of hoses are intended for use where there is vibration or relative movement between the components of a machine? Rigid Stainless Flexible Annealed
Flexible
How are hydraulic pumps rated? Flow Pressure Resistance Relief pressure
Flow
Hydraulic cylinder speed is determined by: Fluid flow and piston stroke Fluid flow, pressure and piston diameter Piston diameter and stroke Fluid flow and piston diameter
Fluid flow and piston diameter
Stronger magnets have more ___________. reluctance insulation conductors flux
Flux
The number of magnetic lines of force per square inch is called___________. reluctance flux density a magnetic charge flux
Flux density
Reverse in a Simpson gear set is the only gear in which the _________clutch is not applied. roller-type sprag-type one-way forward
Forward
The __________ are usually internally splined to a planetary gear component. brake bands reaction plates carrier pinions friction plates
Friction plates
Unlike a battery, a(n) _____________ does not require recharging but produces energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. electromagnet fuel cell solar cell transfomer
Fuel cell
What operates along with a fuel cell to remove hydrogen from diesel fuel, natural gas, methanol, or gasoline? Step-down transformer Step-up transformer Fuel reformer Relay
Fuel reformer
Alternators can produce power at engine idle speeds, while __________ cannot. rotors regulators capacitors generators
Generators
A pumps rate of flow specifications are stated in __________. Gallons per second or liters per second Gallons per minute or liters per minute Gallons per hour or liters per hour Specific volume
Gpm and lpm
What type of meter is used to analyze electrical waveforms produced by sensors, motors, actuators, and alternators? Ohmmeter Ammeter Graphing Voltmeter
Graphing
Which of the following are the foundation and the electrical conducting layer for the battery plate? Terminals Grids Circuit fuses Chargers
Grids
What must be properly connected to the suspension system to remove charge build-up? Ground straps Rubber-based air bags Aluminum pedestals Static wicks
Ground straps
To properly connect an ohmmeter into a circuit, you must. Connect the meter, with voltage applied to the circuit Connect the meter in parallel Connect the meter in series/parallel Have no voltage applied to the circuit
Have no voltage applied to the circuit
Resistance in the elements converts electrical energy into __________ energy. light heat kinetic chemical
Heat
With planetary gears, even though there is no control device holding a planetary gear component, the component can still act as a(n)____________ if it requires a load to cause it to turn. servo piston epicyclical gear idler gear held member
Held member
____________ is the measurement of frequency and indicates the number of cycles per second. Polarity Ohms Ampere Hertz
Hertz
In heavy-duty applications, which of the following is usually the only type of power train control device used? Brake bands Roller-type one-way clutches Sprag-type one-way clutches Hydraulic clutch
Hydraulic clutch
Which of the following is the strongest planetary gear train control device? Hydraulic clutch Hydraulic piston Sprag-type one-way clutches Brake bands
Hydraulic clutch
Planetary power train control devices are operated ____________. individually hydraulically electronically mechanically
Hydraulically
Fuel cells require ____________as a fuel to operate. electrolytes water solar energy hydrogen
Hydrogen
The neutral charge relief valve operates ONLY when the pump swash plate is __________. Moved off vertical In full stroke It works all the time In neutral
In neutral
Batteries connected __________ are connected in line with each other, with the positive of one connected to the negative of the other. indefinitely in series or parallel in series in parallel
In series
A mechanical problem that may cause starting system problems includes________________. incorrect injection or valve timing discharged or faulty battery faulty starter motor loose, dirty, or corroded terminals and connectors
Incorrect injection or valve timing
What type of charger will also calculate the optimal charge current and vary it over the charging period depending on the type of battery connected to it? Constant-current Taper-current Pulsed Intelligent
Intelligent
A device that changes direct current into alternating current is a(n)_____________. diode inverter DVOM ammeter
Inverter
When an atom has an imbalance of electrical charges due to the gain or loss of electrons it is a(n)________. free electron electromotive force current ion
Ion
Which of the following is NOT a function of the swash plate? It changes the pump speed It varies the pump volume It varies the piston effective stroke Both B and C
It changes the pump speed
Which of the following describes diagnostic test modes for emission-related diagnostic data that can be displayed by scan tools? J1979 Standards for 9-pin DLC connectors Standards for 6-pin DLC connectors J1978
J1979
What is the best conductor of lines of force? Copper Silicon Laminated soft iron Mineral crystals
Laminated soft iron
What gear set uses a separate planetary gear set as the input to a Ravigneaux gear set and produces six forward speeds, including two overdrives and one reverse? Simpson Lepelletier ZF Wilson
Lepelletier
What type of circuits are common examples of parallel circuits? Power Control On-board diagnostic system Lighting
Lighting
Cylinders used for __________ are mounted rigidly so that they cannot move from their original alignment. Circular motion Linear motion Energy transfer Angular motion
Linear motion
If the solenoid clicks or chatters, it might indicate that there is (are) _________________. a short in starter a solenoid is engaged but not cranking an open circuit or high resistance in circuit loose or corroded battery terminals
Loose or corroded battery terminal
Both DC generators and alternators produce electricity by relative movement of conductors in a(n) _____________. stator winding iron yoke magnetic field battery bank
Magnetic field
When the sun gear is the output component, we achieve which of the following? Minimum forward overdrive Reverse reduction Maximum forward overdrive Reverse overdrive
Maximum forward overdrive
A hydraulic pump extracts the __________ energy from the prime mover, converting it into hydraulic energy. Pneumatic Electrical Mechanical Chemical
Mechanical
In ______________, one complete rotation of the carrier will drive the ring gear one complete turn plus the number of teeth on the sun gear. maximum forward overdrive reverse reduction minimum forward overdrive maximum forward reduction
Minimum forward overdrive
Which of the following uses a thermocouple accessory to measure temperature by contact? Multimeters Ohmmeters Graphing meters Ammeters
Multimeters
Step-up transformers and step-down transformers use _____________ to increase or decrease voltage through one of two coils. mutual induction self-induction thermocoupling combustion
Mutual induction
What valves are the most common type of flow control valves? Directional control Check Pressure control Needle
Needle
Gas-charged accumulators are most commonly charged with __________ as the inert charge gas. Hydrogen Shop air Oxygen Nitrogen
Nitrogen
What type of electrical charge do neutrons carry? Imbalanced Positive Negative No charge
No charge
If there is no magnetic field at the alternator, the cause might be______________. open voltage sensing circuit improperly adjusted voltage regulator no current feed to internal regulator missing sensing lead contact
No current fees to internal regulator
Starter motors can be tested in two ways. The off-vehicle test is called a(n) _________test. available voltage starter draw starter relay bypass no-load
No-load
Neutrons and positively charged protons make-up what part of the atom? Ion Sine wave Current flow Nucleus
Nucleus
Practices to observe when measuring amperage include_________________. ranging AC and DC volts separately ensuring that the circuit is disabled connecting the positive lead to volts/ohms port and the negative lead to common port observing polarity when measuring DC volts but not AC voltage
Observing polarity when measuring dc volts not ac voltage
Connecting a(n)____________ into a powered circuit will blow the fuse or battery in the meter or otherwise damage the meter. ohmmeter voltmeter ammeter test light
Ohmeter
If voltage is held constant in a circuit, amperage increases if resistance decreases and amperage decreases if resistance increases. What law does this relationship between factors demonstrate? Ohm's Joules Kirchhoff's Electrostatic
Ohms
The relationships between amperage, voltage, and resistance are calculated using __________. Joule's law the heating effect of current conventional theory Ohm's law
Ohms law
What valve in the motor receives fluid from the shuttle valve? Shuttle valve Operating Charge Relief Neutral Charge Relief A variable relief valve
Operating charge relief
There are several factors that can damage a hydraulic system. Excessive speed, heat, and pressure can result from __________. Pump cavitation Operator error System contamination Fluid leakage
Operator error
If a starter turns, but the engine does not, this could be caused by which of the following? Open circuit in starter Pinion slipping Stuck armature in starter Weak return spring
Pinion slipping
In simple planetary gear sets, what revolves around the sun gear like planets in our solar system? Pinions Ring gears Carriers Epicyclical gears
Pinions
Which pump is best suited for a skid steer due to strength and versatility? Vane Gear Gerotor Piston
Piston
In an electrical solenoid, what is used to push the valve spool into position? Sliding plate Hand-operated lever Plunger Spring
Plunger
A deficiency of electrons gives an atom an overall ____________charge. electrical positive neutral negative
Positive
Hydraulic flow is produced by using a(n) __________. Actuator Accumulator Positive displacement pump Master cylinder
Positive displacement
In direct current, conventional theory electrons flow in what direction? Continually changing direction Negative to positive Positive to negative Back and forth within a circuit
Positive to negative
The __________ valve used on the hydrostatic pumps is one reason the hydrostatic drive system can be stalled without damage. Pressure relief Charge relief Shuttle Combination
Pressure relief
For the purpose of troubleshooting, what are the tests that can be performed on hydraulic/ hydrostatic systems? Pressure, Temperature, Speed, Flow, and relief valve opening pressure. Pressure, Temperature, Flow Pressure, Temperature, Crack Pressure Pressure, Temperature, and relief valve opening pressure.
Pressure temperature speed flow and relief opening pressure
What types of devices are designed to prevent excessive current from flowing in the circuit? Microprocessor-controlled Protection Insulation Conduction
Protection
Where are positive electrical charges found? Ions Electrons Neutrons Protons
Protons
What types of chargers are recommended to recover sulfated batteries? Constant-current Intelligent Trickle Pulsed
Pulsed
Which of the following converts mechanical force to hydraulic force? Cylinder Check valves Pump Reservoir
Pump
Which actuators convert linear motion to circular motion? Bent-axis Vane-type Rack-and-pinion Radial piston
Rack and pinion
Planetary gear sets epicyclical design allows them to cancel out most ________________. noise radial thrust loads axial thrust loads rotational output
Radial thrust loads
Practices to observe when measuring voltage include________________. ensuring that the circuit is disconnected ranging AC and DC volts separately. observing polarity when measuring AC volts but not DC voltage connecting the voltmeter in series with the circuit
Ranging ac and dc volts separately
The addition of a pressure valve protects the system components from excess pressure. building control relief increasing
Relief
Like charges are ____________ by one another. balanced resisted repelled attracted
Repelled
As the length of the conductor increases, so does the _________________. voltage diameter of the conductor resistance temperature
Resistance
Conducting less amperage means __________ in circuits is reduced, with less damage and loosening of electrical connections. voltage voltage drop armature speed resistance
Resistance
What is measured in ohms? Resistance Currents Circuits Conductivity
Resistance
Anything that can slow down the speed of electron movement is called a ______________. Alternators Indicators Resistor Conductors
Resistor
If the carrier is the held or reaction member of the gear set, then the results will always be_______________. a forward underdrive ratio a forward reduction ratio a forward overdrive ratio reverse
Reverse
When the carrier is the held member, the result is always ___________ and the carrier pinions act as idler gears. reverse a forward reduction direct drive a forward overdrive
Reverse
When the sun gear is the input component and the ring gear is the output, the result will be a ________________. reverse reduction maximum forward overdrive reverse overdrive minimum forward overdrive
Reverse reduction
With __________, there will be a torque increase and a speed decrease. maximum forward reduction maximum forward overdrive reverse reduction minimum forward overdrive
Reverse reduction
When used to input the gear set, the hydraulic clutch is called a ___________clutch. stationary sprag-type rotating roller-type
Rotating
In an alternator, which of the following is a rotating electromagnet that provides the magnetic field to induce voltage and current in the stator? Rotor Voltage regulator Pulley drive Rectifier bridge
Rotor
In the alternator, the magnetic field is created by the ____________. voltage regulator armature stator rotor
Rotor
The advantage of Wye windings is that they produce higher voltage at comparably lower __________speeds. generator engine rotor engine idle
Rotor
Which of the following should be the first priority when working around and servicing batteries? Performing visual checks Safety Disconnecting the battery terminals Deciding what tests to do
Safety
The hydraulic tank acts as a __________ filter. Sediment Suction Return Pressure
Sediment
A valve is used to cause actions in a circuit in a pre-designed order, and to maintain a pre-determined minimum fluid pressure in the primary supply line, while the secondary pressure is functioning. poppet flow control non-compensating flow control sequencing
Sequencing
What pressure control valve is used to control the order of operation of other actuators in the system? Unloading valves Counterbalance valves Sequencing valves Numbering valves
Sequencing valves
What types of motors develop the highest torque and are used as starting motors? Parallel Compound Series Stepper
Series
Accumulators act as a(n) __________ for an actuator. Idler Sediment filter Shock absorber Displacement pump
Shock absorber
What valve is located in the motor and is a bi-directional valve that operates off of the inlet pressure? Shuttle valve Operating Charge Relief Neutral Charge Relief A variable relief valve
Shuttle valve
One of the simplest and most popular compound gear sets is the _________gear set. Ravigneaux Lepelletier Simpson Wilson
Simpson
Open-circuit voltage is consequently affected by the battery __________. specific gravity electrolyte level age electrolyte temperature
Specific gravity
What type of gears will be noisier in operation, but they create no axial thrust? Spur-cut Spiral-bevel cut Helical-cut Bevel-cut
Spur cut
When the clutch reaction plates are splined directly to the inside of the transmission case and the friction plates are splined to the component we want to hold, this type of clutch is called a ___________clutch. roller- or sprag-type one-way clutch stationary sprag-type one-way clutch rotating
Stationary
When the hydraulic piston is actuated, the brake band is squeezed around the power train component causing it to ____________. stop turn prevent engine braking increase output torque
Stop
What type of testing involves passing high voltage, low amperage current through the stator windings? Set-point test Stress Full field Charging system output
Stress
Key-off loads contribute to ________ caused by prolonged discharge. shedding plate deterioration. sulfation grid corrosion
Sulfation
Which of the following occurs when batteries are subjected to prolonged undercharge conditions? Shedding Excessive vibration Sulfation Grid corrosion
Sulfation
Which of the following is the non-adjustable component of a fixed displacement piston pump that tilts at a fixed angle? Swashplate Driveshaft Connecting rod Compensator
Swashplate
A skid steer loader has two hydraulic hoses rupture on the left hand loop. Technician A says: "The problem could be a stuck closed relief valve." Technician B says: "It is more likely to be a restriction on the outlet side of the pump." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech a
Technician A says: "Hydraulic fluid must be at operating temperature to correctly flow and pressure check the system." Technician B says: "The fluid can be at any temperature and not make a difference in the gauge readings." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech a
Technician A says: "Skid steer ground speed is determined by hydrostatic pump flow.." Technician B says: "Drive motor torque is determined by hydrostatic pump flow.." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech a
Technician A says: "The purpose of the neutral charge relief valve is to cool and lube the pump in neutral." Technician B says: "The purpose of the neutral charge relief valve is to cool and lube the motor in neutral.." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech a
Technician A says that pressure-relief valves determine or limit the maximum operating pressure in the system. Technician B says that sequencing valves limit branch pressure in the system. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and Technician B Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Tech a only
A hydrostatic pump and motor combination is running above normal operating temperature. Technician A says: The operating charge relief valve may be stuck open. Technician B says: The shuttle valve may be stuck in the neutral position. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
A skid steer loader has an engine that won't start and must be moved. Technician A says: "Tow the machine slowly, no damage will occur." Technician B says: "Tow the machine only if the bypass valves on the hydrostatic pumps are released." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
An efficiency test has been performed on a hydrostatic pump. Technician A says: "A two G.P.M. loss always indicates a worn out pump." Technician B says: "If the pump is less than 85% efficient, it's worn out." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
Technician A says that gear pumps use only one large drive gear in a common housing to create fluid flow. Technician B says that the fluid is carried in the spaces between the gear teeth and the pump housing to the outlet port. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and Technician B Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Tech b
Technician A says: "A charge pump supplies all the fluid flow to the motors during operation." Technician B says: "A variable displacement piston pump supplies fluid flow to the motors during operation ." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
Technician A says: "A hydrostatic transmission uses low pressure, high velocity flow." Technician B says: "A hydrostatic transmission uses high pressure, variable velocity flow." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
Technician A says: "A skid steer loader creeps forward in neutral, this means the hydrostatic pumps need to be replaced." Technician B says: "It is more likely a linkage adjustment for the control levers.." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
Technician A says: "In a closed loop circuit, all of the oil is directed to the oil cooler." Technician B says: "In a closed loop circuit, outlet oil from the motor is routed back to the pump inlet." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
Technician A says: "When a skid steer loader operator moves the joystick from forward to reverse the pumps rotation is reversed." Technician B says: "The pump continues to operate in the same direction, but the swash plate angle is reversed." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
The charging circuit pressure is 25% lower than specs. Technician A says: "It's OK to operate the machine as long as the hydraulics are not used at the same time as the hydrostatics." Technician B says: "The problem should be repaired ASAP so the transmission components aren't damaged." Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and B Neither Technician A nor B
Tech b
Technician A says that check valves allow flow in both directions. Technician B says that check valves prevent flow in one direction and allow free flow in the opposition direction. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and Technician B Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Tech b only
Technician A says that coolers are not needed to regulate fluid temperatures in a hydraulic system. Technician B says that most oil coolers are an airflow type. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only Both Technician A and Technician B Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Tech b only
What type of hydraulic actuator has two or more sections that are extended sequentially from largest to smallest diameter and finds applications in a dump box hoist? Telescoping cylinder Double-acting cylinder Rotary actuator Hydraulic motor
Telescoping cylinder
Where does the pressure that acts on the shuttle valve come from? The motor inlet The motor outlet Charge pressure relieve valve The oil cooler
The motor inlet
The conversion of light into electricity is called _____________________. triboelectricity the photovoltaic effect thermoelectricity thermocoupling
The photovoltaic
What is a consequence of insufficient hydraulic fluid in the reservoir? The system runs erratically High system pressure High system flow System contamination
The system runs erratically
In a planetary gear set there are at least how many sets of teeth transmitting the torque? Three Two One Five
Three
Planetary gears can be made very compact and yet still transmit great amounts of __________. rotation speed torque power
Torque
The greatest ___________ is produced at low speed since the motor will draw the highest amperage. torque resistance voltage current flow
Torque
What type of battery is rechargeable and used for propulsion in hybrid electric vehicles? Traction Deep cycle Valve-regulated lead-acid SLI
Traction
What types of diodes will temporarily resist high voltage and automatically reset when the overvoltage goes away? Transient voltage suppression Rectifier Exciter Rectifier bridge
Transient voltage suppression
Stationary reaction plates are normally splined to the ____________. transmission output shaft planetary gear component clutch hub transmission case
Transmission case
Producing electricity using friction is known as ____________. the Piezoelectric effect photovoltaic energy thermoelectricity triboelectricity
Triboelectricity
Which of the following is normally made from thinner-walled seamless steel that is annealed, to allow bending and flaring? Hoses Tubing Fittings Piping
Tubing
What type of circuit breaker keeps the circuit breaker open until the overload condition is removed? Type 2 Fusible Type 3 Type 1
Type 2
__________ connected in parallel to the battery provide a high initial current to the starter to speed up the armature rotation. Starter relays Voltmeters Armature windings Ultra-capacitors
Ultra-capacitors
The resistance to flow is known as __________. Non-compressibility Velocity Turbulence Viscosity
Viscosity
An important fact to remember about electromagnetic induction is that the strength of the magnetic field changes induced _____________. voltage amperage current resistance
Voltage
Heating the thermocouple in a multimeter produces ___________ proportional to temperature. resistance voltage magnetic field strength amperage
Voltage
Step-down transformers are used to decrease _____________. voltage current amperes resistance
Voltage
The speed of electron travel from atom to atom is ____________. electron flow voltage amperage current
Voltage
Which of the following is tested while the circuit is under load? Voltage drop Starter draw Resistance Current draw
Voltage drop
When troubleshooting electrical circuits, what would you use to look for voltage drops? Graphing meter Ohmmeter Digital multimeter Voltmeter
Voltmeter
___________ measure the difference in electrical pressure or electron velocity between two different points in the circuit. Voltmeters Ohmmeters Test lights Ammeters
Voltmeters
What types of batteries are best suited to intelligent chargers? NiMH VRLA SLI AMG
Vrla
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and ________. acid heat alcohol water
Water
Lead-acid battery electrolyte is a mixture of sulfuric acid and __________. water strontium calcium barium
Water
What is the unit for measuring power? Amperage Voltage Wattage Ohms
Wattage
What type of gear set consists of three interconnected planetary gears that can produce five forward speeds including one overdrive? ZF Lepelletier Simpson Wilson
Wilson
When a reading of 2 is shown on a digital ohmmeter, how many ohms are indicated? 0.002 ohms 0.2 ohms 2 ohms 2,000 ohms 2,000,000 ohms
2 ohms
When a reading of 2 K is shown on a digital ohmmeter, how many ohms are indicated? 0.002 ohms 0.2 ohms 2 ohms 2,000 ohms 2,000,000 ohms
2,000 ohms
When a reading of 2M is shown on a digital ohmmeter, how many ohms are indicated? 0.002 ohms 0.2 ohms 2 ohms 2,000 ohms 2,000,000 ohms
2,000,000 ohms
The amount of __________ a battery supplies is a function of the surface area of the plates. discharge amperage resistance voltage
Amperage
Galvanic reactions take place when two dissimilar metals are placed in _____________. alkaline solutions an acid an electrolyte water
An electrolyte
What type of meter uses a sweeping needle that continuously measures electrical values? Analog Voltmeter High-impedance Digital
Analog
Batteries are generally classified by ____________. application duration operation configuration
Application
Type 1 circuit breakers are __________ resetting breakers. temperature coefficient non-cycling automatically manually
Automatically
Which of the following can be reset? Virtual fuses Fusible links Circuit breakers Fuses
Circuit breakers
Which of the following can identify wires deeply buried behind walls or in tightly bundled harness? OEM templates Circuit tracers Oscilloscope Ohmmeters
Circuit tracers
The voltmeter's positive lead is normally connected: Closest to the ground source Closest to the power source Polarity is not important None of the above
Closest to the power source
Which of the following is the most basic diagnostic scanner? Code reader Bi-directional OBD Data link
Code reader
To check voltage drop in a circuit, the circuit must be closed. What must be flowing? Voltage Resistance Current None of the above
Current
Unlike the short-to-power malfunction, in all cases the short-to-ground will draw higher than expected ___________. tolerance continuity resistance current
Current
Alternators and generators both operate under what principle? Electrolysis Electromagnetic induction Photovoltaic effect Piezoelectric
Electromagnetic induction
_____________ refers to a meter's internal resistance to current flowing from a live circuit into the meter when measuring voltage and amperage. Continuity Inductance Capacitance High impedance
High impedance
Voltmeters with high internal resistance are called ____________ meters. high-impedance auto-ranging graphing multi-meters
High-impedance
The ____________ is an instrument that checks the specific gravity of liquids. hydrometer voltmeter ammeter electro-hydraulic pump
Hydrometer
Most measurements of amperage are performed at levels higher than multimeters can typically handle, so a(n) _____________is used instead. inductance amp clamp continuity tester auto-ranging meter shunt
Inductance amp clamp
In powered circuits, which of the following are placed around a conductor and are used to measure amperage? Probing tips Inductive amp clamps Alligator clips Probing wires
Inductive amp clamps
What devices work by measuring a conductor's magnetic field strength? Multimeters Inductive amp clamps Ammeters Voltmeters
Inductive amp clamps
An open circuit has what type of resistance? Short Infinite High Low
Infinite
When using an ohmmeter_____________________. range AC and DC volts separately it is not necessary to observe polarity when connecting test leads ensure that the circuit is powered observe polarity when measuring DC volts but not AC voltage
It is not necessary to observe polarity when connecting test leads
As electrical current flows from negative to positive, magnetic____________ travels north to south. fields strength lines of force flux
Lines of force
The total resistance of a parallel circuit is always the smallest resistive branch. lower than more than the same as None of the above
Lower than
The cause of self-induction is the changing size and strength of the ___________. induced voltage induced current flow conductors magnetic field
Magnetic field
Which of the following is proportional to amperage? Temperature Electrical pressure Magnetic field strength Electron velocity
Magnetic field strength
Placing current-carrying conductors near to each other causes the magnetic fields to ________. stabilize repel each other produce heat merge
Merge
What type of meter is not to be used with semiconductors and is potentially inaccurate when testing diodes? Ammeter Voltmeter Auto-ranging Ohmmeter
Ohmmeter
Which of the following can be used to find points where circuit continuity is lost only if the circuit is not powered? Ammeter Potentiometer Voltmeter Ohmmeter
Ohmmeter
Which of the following are ineffective when checking for resistances in high-amperage, low-resistance circuits? Ammeters Voltmeters Ohmmeters Auto-range meters
Ohmmeters
When using an ohmmeter, the positive test lead is connected to the _________. USB port serial port voltage source ohms port
Ohms port
Circuit breakers are used in circuits where intermittent current __________ are common and where power must be rapidly restored. pathways flows disruptions overloads
Overloads
A voltmeter is normally connected into a circuit in: Parallel Series Series-parallel None of the above
Parallel
Solar cells are an example of what type of energy? Piezoelectric Electrostatic Photovoltaic Electrochemical
Photovoltaic
When using an ohmmeter to check continuity in a WIRE, the positive lead is ALWAYS connected: Polarity is not important Closest to the ground source Closest to the power source None of the above
Polarity is not important
Which of the following are commonly known as resettable fuses? E-fuses Polymeric positive temperature coefficient devices (PPTCs) Fusible links Virtual fuses
Polymeric positive temperature coefficient devices (pptc)
What measurement is modeled on estimates of how long an automobile could be driven after an alternator fails with electrical loads from headlights and other loads before the ignition system fails? Specific gravity Self-discharge Reserve capacity Cranking amps
Reserve capacity
Measuring voltage drop with a voltmeter when a circuit is operating is a more effective way of measuring ________________. polarity high-impedance electron velocity resistances
Resistance
The amount of current that flows through the component or circuit will depend on the circuit's ______________. electron velocity continuity range resistance
Resistance
Which of the following is considered electrical friction? Voltage Resistance Amperage Current
Resistance
Dirty, corroded, or loose connections result in what type of circuits? Resistive Intermittent Grounded Short
Resistive
In a primary battery, chemical reactions are not __________, and the battery cannot be recharged. possible available reliable reversible
Reversible
What is observed in a current-carrying wire when the current in the wire is changing? Current flow Self-induction Mutual induction Changing magnetic flux
Self induction
___________ plates are very thin, porous, glass-fiber materials allowing electrolyte to diffuse freely throughout the cell and prevent plate contact. Negative Positive Separator Deep cycle
Separator
Which of the following do the digital language electronic modules use to talk and listen to one another? Serial data Network data Mutual information Valid data
Serial data
In what type of circuit are there multiple loads but only one path for current to flow? Series-parallel Combination Series Parallel
Series
What is the simplest type of electrical circuit? Series-parallel Short Series Parallel
Series
Low-impedance ammeters use ________ that blow when overloaded. diodes high energy fuses shunts induction clamps
Shunts
Which of the following operates like a fuse and has a maximum rating? Inductive amp clamps Circuit tracers Shunts Accelerometers
Shunts
Network data bus wires use a twisted pair of wires to carry low-voltage serial data. Twisting the lines helps to reduce which of the following? Polarity Radio waves Signal noise Flux
Signal noise
Which of the following has demonstrated a very high resistance to grid growth and corrosion? Antimony alloy Hard rubber Calcium-lead alloy Silver alloy
Silver alloy
When a(n) ___________ core is inserted into the coil of an electromagnet, lines of force easily travel through it. silicon aluminum soft iron copper
Soft iron
When the ___________ of battery acid is too low, such as when a battery is discharged, it may freeze in colder climates. amp-hour specific gravity reserve capacity parasitic draw
Specific gravity
What is another name given to triboelectricity? Thermoelectricity Photovoltaic effect Friction Static electricity
Static electricity
What can occur if a battery is left in a discharged state for a long period of time, continually undercharged, or left partially charged? Galvanic reaction Ignition Sulfation Recombination
Sulfation
Which of the following symbols represents the electrical unit of measurement for sound? Ù dB nF Hz
dB