All Local Anesthsia

Topical anesthetics generally penetrate_________ into to the tissue. 1 to 2 mm 2 to 3 mm 3 to 4 mm 5 to 6 mm

2 to 3 mm

What is the available concentration of Oragix? 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine 5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine 20% benzocaine and 5% lidocaine 14% benzocaine, 2% butamben, and 2% tetracaine hydrochloride

2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine

What is the available concentration of Oraqix?

2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine

Which of the following needle gauges has the largest lumen diameter? 25 27 30 32

25

Due to a recent knee replacement, your patient must be medicated with an antibiotic before receiving periodontal therapy. If his care plan requires four appointments, each appointment should be scheduled at least ______apart. 12 days 9 days 5 days 3 days

9 days

Of the following patients, which is most likely to have a negative reaction to topical anesthetic? A child A patient of Middle Eastern ancestry A patient with type O+ blood All of the above

A child

What type of needle is recommended to safely and effectively administer the inferior alveolar nerve block? A long, 27-gauge needle A short, 25-gauge needle A short, 27-gauge needle A long, 25-gauge needle

A long, 25-gauge needle

What type of needle is recommended to safely and effectively administer the inferior alveolar nerve block? A long. 27-gauge needle A short, 25-gauge needle A short, 27-gauge needle A long, 25-gauge needle

A long, 25-gauge needle

In which of the following patients is epinephrine a relative contraindication? A patient taking digitails glycosides A patient you suspect is high on cocaine A patient with blood pressure reading exceeding 200/115 A patient with uncontrolled diabetes

A patient taking digitalis glycosides

In which of the following patients is the administration of an ester anesthetic NOT contraindicated? A patient taking Sulfonamide drugs A patient with a true sulfite allergy A patient taking cholinesterase inhibitor drugs A patient with atypical blood plasma cholinesterase

A patient with a true sulfite allergy

When administering local anesthesia to the maxillary arch for extensive root planing procedures, what is the correct order of the injections? Order does not matter and the patient can dictate what makes him or her most comfortable Infra orbital, then PSA PSA, MSA, then ASA ASA, MSA, then PSA

PSA, MSA, then ASA.

All of the following describe why aspiration is a necessary part of administering local anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? To dramatically decrease the incidence of an intravascular injection To ensure that the needle has not entered the blood vessels None of the above are exceptions Patient comfort

Patient comfort

All of the following describe why aspiration is a necessary part of administering local anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? To ensure that the needle has not entered a blood vessel To dramatically decrease the incidence of an intravascular injection Patient comfort None of the above are exceptions

Patient comfort

Which of the following is a relative contraindication to the use of an amide local anesthetic? Patient is taking Tagamet Patient is taking tricilic antidepressants Patient is taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor Patient has diabetes and is taking anti-diabetic medication

Patient is taking Tagamet

Will inhibit the reuptake of vasoconstrictor

Patients taking MAOI

Administer prilocaine or articaine because these drugs decrease hepatic blood flow

Patients taking beta blockers

Frequently prescribed for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and glaucoma

Patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors

Administer prilocaine or articaine because these drugs reduce liver capacity to metabolize amides

Patients taking cimetidine on a regular basis

Competitively inhibits PABA in microorganisms

Patients taking sulfonamides

Increases effects of epinephrine; avoid levonordefrin

Patients taking tricyclic antidepressants

Limit amount of vasopressor because it can increase ocular pressure Patients with glaucoma

Patients with glaucoma

Use amides judiciously because they may increase risk of toxicity

Patients with liver disease

Life-threatening syndrome caused by general anesthetics

Patients with malignant hyperthermia

Which of the following is a sign that your patient is experiencing moderate anxiety? Red-toned complexion Bradycardia Perspiration on forhead and hands Hypotension

Perspiration on forehead and hands

After the patient has consented to treatment, when is a good time to communicate with the patient to alleviate fears of needle injection? After the procedure is over so as to not distract the clinician from the procedure When preparing the equipment When inserting the needle When preparing the tissue for injection

When preparing the tissue for injection

ASA II describes a patient: With a mild systemic disease that does not interfere with daily activity With a mild systemic disease that interferes with daily activity Who is healthy With a moderate to severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating

With a mild systemic disease that does not interfere with daily activity

The pulse rate is an important vital sign with respect to local anesthesia because it can identify a patient with________ Uncontrolled cardiac Dysrhythmias Uncontrolled hypertension Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism Uncontrolled diabetes

uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias

The _________will provide the hygienist with a comparable baseline, in the event that an emergency situation should arise during treatment. Vital signs Psychological evaluation Visual examination Dental history

vital signs

To achieve the optimal anesthetic effect, topical anesthesia should remain at the site of application for O 1 to 2 minutes 3 to 5 minutes 5 to 10 minutes

1 to 2 minutes

A patient who has just been administered Oragix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) can expect a comfortable duration of anesthesia of approximately 2 minutes 5 minutes 20 minutes 10 minutes

20 minutes

What are the two commonly used needle lengths for intraoral injections? 16 mm, 24 mm 25 mm, 30 mm 30 mm, 32 mm 25 mm, 32 mm

25 mm, 32 mm

Which gauge needle is recommended for use for areas where there is a high risk for a positive aspiration? 25-gauge 27-gauge 30-gauge All options listed

25-gauge

Which gauge needle is recommended for use for areas where there is a high risk for a positive aspiration? 27-gauge All options listed 25-gauge 30-gauge

25-gauge

What is the standard prophylaxis for an adult not allergic to amoxicillin? 500 MG Oraly 1 hour prior to dental procedures 600 MG oraly 1 hour prior to dental procedures 600 MG within 30 minutes prior to dental procedures 2G Oraly one hour prior to dental procedures

2g orally 1 hour prior to dental procedures

To maximize patient comfort and minimize tissue trauma, the needle should be changed after injections on the same patient. 1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5

3 to 4

Oraqix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) produces an anesthetic effect within 15 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes 30 seconds

30 seconds

Which of the following intraoral needle gauges used in dentistry are listed from smallest to the largest? 16, 20, 30 25, 27, 30 30, 27, 16 30, 27, 25

30, 27, 25

According to Malamed, what kinds of needles are most likely to break? 30-gauge short or ultrashort needles 25-gauge long needles Short needles, no matter the gauge Long needles, no matter the gauge

30-gauge short or ultrashort needles

According to Malamed, what kinds of needles are most likely to break? Short needles, no matter the gauge 30-gauge short or ultrashort needles 25-gauge long needles Long needles, no matter the gauge

30-gauge short or ultrashort needles

What is one disadvantage of using a smaller syringe? It is not comfortable or versatile enough to fit everyone in the dental office. A small portion of the anesthetic remains in the cartridge and is not usable. The cost of having multiple size syringes is prohibitive. The patients notice a difference in comfort levels.

A small portion of the anesthetic remains in the cartridge and is not usable.

What is one disadvantage of using a smaller syringe? It is not comfortable or versatile enough to fit everyone in the dental office. The cost of having multiple size syringes is prohibitive. The patients notice a difference in comfort levels. A small portion of the anesthetic remains in the cartridge and is not usable.

A small portion of the anesthetic remains in the cartridge and is not usable.

Which identifying mark is required by the ADA for all local anesthetic cartridges? A universal number (coding system) engraved in the glass barrel A standardized color-coded band on the plastic label A slight indention in the rubber stopper Volume indicators on the plastic label

A standardized color-coded band on the plastic label

Bevel

A. The point or tip of the needle

What is the term that describes a situation in which a drug should not be administered to an individual under any circumstances? Absolute contradiction Relative contradiction drug to drug interactions None of the above

Absolute contraindication

What is the term that describes a situation in which a drug should not be administered to an individual under any circumstances? Drug to drug interaction None of the above Absolute contradiction Relative contradiction

Absolute contraindication

Before injecting a patient with a local anesthetic with or without a vasoconstrictor, the dental hygienist should perform all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Review the patient's health history Take the patient's blood pressure Determine if the patient has a history of allergies Determine if any contradictions exist to the selected anesthetic Administer nature southside

Administer nitrous oxide

Which of the following treatment modifications are important for patients with alcoholism? Avoid amide local anesthetic Administer the minimal effective dose of Articaine Administer the minimal affective dose of lidocaine, mepivacaine, a Burpivacaine

Administer the minimal effective dose of lidocaine, mepivacaine, or bupivacaine

When does the needle become dull? After three to four needle penetrations. After it is sterilized. It does not become dull because it is disposable. After five to six needle penetrations.

After three to four needle penetrations.

During the preanesthetic assessment, what are appropriate clinical considerations? Vital signs Length of appointment Anticipated postoperative pain control All are important consideration

All are important considerations

A thorough health history guides the clinician in determining The patient's physical ability to tolerate a vasoconstrictor Anesthetic hypersensitivity Current medications that may interact with an administered anesthetic agent All of the above

All of the above

List the methods for delivery of topical anesthetic drugs Cotton tip applicators sprays brushes patches blunted cannulas and/or syringes and single-dose applicator swabs All of the above

All of the above

Placing the local anesthetic cartridge in alcohol or sterilization solutions can cause contamination of the local anesthetic solution corrosion of the aluminum cap a burning sensation during the injection All of the above

All of the above

Best practices include which of the following? Take pre-anesthetic vital signs to provide a standard of comparison in the event of an emergency Take preanesthitic blood pressure readings to provide baseline information Take pre-anesthetic blood pressure readings to determine whether to use a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor Take pre-anesthetic vital signs to identify diagnosed or undiagnosed conditions All options listed

All options listed

Established local anesthetic syringe criteria include which of the following? Disposable and packaged in sterile containers Lightweight and simple to use Able to withstand repeated use and sterilization All options listed

All options listed

Established local anesthetic syringe criteria include which of the following? a. Lightweight and simple to use All options listed Able to withstand repeated use and sterilization Disposable and packaged in sterile containers

All options listed

It is recommended that the clinician know the location of the uncovered needle tip at all times. Why? To prevent accidental needle contamination To prevent needle injury to the patient C. All options listed To prevent needle injury to the clinician

All options listed

It is recommended that the clinician know the location of the uncovered needle tip at all times. Why? To prevent needle injury to the patient To prevent needle injury to the clinician To prevent accidental needle contamination All options listed

All options listed

Long needles are required for which of the following? Inferior alveolar block injection Gow-Gates mandibular block injection Infraorbital block injection All options listed

All options listed

Long needles are required for which of the following? Infraorbital block injection Gow-Gates mandibular block injection Inferior alveolar block injection All options listed

All options listed

Possible localized adverse effects of topical anesthetics could include which of the following? Stinging at the site of application Tissue discoloration Sloughing All options listed

All options listed

Possible localized adverse effects of topical anesthetics could include which of the following? Stinging at the site of application All options listed Sloughing Tissue discoloration

All options listed

Successful delivery of local anesthetic agents depends on which of the following? Effective patient management Safe administration of the drug Patient assessment All options listed

All options listed

Successful delivery of local anesthetic agents depends on which of the following? Patient assesment patient management Safe administration of the drug Call options listed

All options listed

The body's response to fear provokes symptoms that could include: irrability Muscular tension Increase blood pressure All options listed

All options listed

What can the clinician do to prevent an emergency situation from occurring while administering local anesthesia? All options listed Do a thorough patient assessment Provide effective communication Offer psychological support

All options listed

What does the collection of preanesthetic data guide the dental hygienist in determining? Modification of dental care plan Need for medical consultation All options listed Appropriateness of administering a local anesthetic or vasoconstrictor

All options listed

What does the collection of preanesthetic data guide the dental hygienist in determining? Need for medical consultation Appropriateness of administering a local anesthetic or vasoconstrictor Modification of dental care plan all options listed

All options listed

Which of following topical anesthetics do not always require a prescription? EMLA Cetacaine Oraqix Benzocaine

Benzocaine

What is a possible advantage of using the computer-controlled syringe? It offers precise control of anesthetic flow and pressure. It has automatic aspiration. The rotational needle insertion minimizes needle deflection. All options listed

All options listed

What is a possible advantage of using the computer-controlled syringe? The rotational needle insertion minimizes needle deflection. It offers precise control of anesthetic flow and pressure. All options listed It has automatic aspiration.

All options listed

Which of the following are benefits of taut tissue retraction at the penetration site? Less traumatic needle insertion Easier needle insertion Increased visibility All options listed

All options listed

Which of the following are best practices to follow when administering local anesthesia of any kind in the dental office? All options listed Review the patient's health and dental history at all appointments. Use the lowest concentration of anesthesia to satisty clinical requirements. Limit the area of application. Know the concentration of the drug being used.

All options listed

Which of the following are best practices to use to reduce a dental patient's level of anxiety about dental treatment? Consider appointment length and time of day Administer adequate pain control during treatment and after the operation Telephone the patient after treatments All options listed

All options listed

Which of the following are considerations the clinician must respect when choosing the appropriate administration technique? Area to be treated All options listed Comfort needs of the patient Duration of anesthesia needed

All options listed

Which of the following are signs of anxiety and fear? Increased vital signs Paleness of skin Cold sweats All options listed

All options listed

Which of the following conditions are absolute contraindications for vasoconstrictors? All options listed Coronary bypass surgery within six months Myocardial infarction within 6 months Uncontrolled high blood pressure

All options listed

Which of the following describe topical antiseptic placement? Optional procedure Screen patient for allergy to iodine May be useful for immunosuppressed patients All options listed

All options listed

Which of the following describes digitalis glycosides? Used for the treatment of congestive heart failure When combined with epinephrine, the potential for cardiac arrhythmia increases All options listed None of the options listed

All options listed

Which of the following influences the amount of local anesthetic agent in the systemic circulation? Administration technique Ability of the body to metabolize the drug Ability of kidneys to excrete any unmetabolized drug All options listed

All options listed

Which of the following is likely to increase the incident of needle breakage? Bending the needle Changing the direction of the insertion of the needle Forcing the needle against resistance All options listed

All options listed

Which of the following is likely to increase the incident of needle breakage? Forcing the needle against resistance All options listed Changing the direction of the insertion of the needle Bending the needle

All options listed

Which of the following is true regarding Oraqix? Does not provide pulpal anesthesia All options listed It is a microemulsion Applicator assembly is easy

All options listed

Which of the following is true regarding Oraqix? It is a microemulsion Does not provide pulpal anesthesia Applicator assembly is easy All options listed

All options listed

Which of the following properties are advantages of topical anesthetics being in a liquid form? All options listed Useful to decrease a patient's gag reflex Provides anesthesia to a widespread area Can be applied to site-specific areas with an applicator

All options listed

Which of the following should you consider regarding the use of vasoconstrictors for patients who present with hypothyroidism? Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism is an absolute contradiction of vasoconstrictor Patients may be at risk of developing thyrotoxicosis When controlled, cardiac dose of these are constrictors is permitted All options listed

All options listed

Which patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects to topical anesthetic agents? Elderly All options listed Medically compromised Children

All options listed

Why does the local and systemic absorption of topical anesthetics increase the risk of toxicity? Topical anesthetics are absorbed quickly into the tissue and blood stream due to vasodilation of the area. Topical anesthetics are formulated in high concentrations. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. All options listed

All options listed

Why does the local and systemic absorption of topical anesthetics increase the risk of toxicity? Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. Topical anesthetics are formulated in high concentrations. Topical anesthetics are absorbed quickly into the tissue and blood stream due to vasodilation of the area. All options listed

All options listed

Why is the slow depositing of the anesthetic solution important? it prevents tearing of tissue It is a safety factor All options listed It improves patient comfort

All options listed

Why might the harpoon of the syringe become disengaged during aspiration? Clinician technique Dullness Improper syringe set-up All options listed

All options listed

Why might the harpoon of the syringe become disengaged during aspiration? Clinician technique Improper syringe set-up Dullness All options listed

All options listed

Your patient reports taking nonselective beta blockers. If vasoconstrictor is necessary, you should: Limit epinephrine to0.04 MG per appointment Limit levonordefrin to0.2 MG per appointment Not use 1; 50, 000 epinephrine All Options listed

All options listed

Your patient reports taking nonselective beta blockers. If vasoconstrictor is necessary, you should: Not use one; 50, 000 epinephrine Limit levomordefrin to0.2 MG per appointment All options listed Limit epinephrine to0.04 MG per appointment

All options listed

What can the clinician do to prevent an emergency situation from occurring while administering anesthesia? Provide effective communication Offer a psychological support Do a thorough patient assessment All options listed correct

All options listed Correct

Which of the following is an advantage of the plastic breech-loading aspirating syringe? Lighter weight Lower cost Less threatening appearance All options listed.

All options listed.

Which of the following is an advantage of the plastic breech-loading aspirating syringe? Lower cost Lighter weight All options listed. Less threatening appearance

All options listed.

List common forms of topical anesthetics used in dentistry Gel spray liquid ointment, one patch form All the above

All the above

Which of the following is/are true regarding topical anesthetics? Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given. Benzocaine and tetracaine are both amides, which increases their potential for causing an allergic reaction. If there were an allergic reaction, it is likely to present immediately at the time of anesthesia. All options listed

Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given.

Which of the following is/are true regarding topical anesthetics? Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given. If there were an allergic reaction, it is likely to present immediately at the time of anesthesia. . Benzocaine and tetracaine are both amides, which increases their potential for causing an allergic reaction. All options listed

Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given.

Which of the following characteristics could contribute to the properties of an ideal intraoral topical anesthetic? Allergenic Allow pain-free application Dissolves readily at the site of application Produces some systemic toxicity

Allow pain-free application

Which of the following characteristics could contribute to the properties of an ideal intraoral topical anesthetic? Allergenic Dissolves readily at the site of application Allow pain-free application Produces some systemic toxicity

Allow pain-free application

Breech- loading syringe

Allows for insertion of the cartridge through the side of the barrel

On what factor should the clinician base the choice of the needle length? Angle of the bevel Type of anesthetic to be used Patient tolerance and comfort level Amount of tissue that needs to be penetrated

Amount of tissue that needs to be penetrated

On what factor should the clinician base the choice of the needle length? Type of anesthetic to be used Amount of tissue that needs to be penetrated Patient tolerance and comfort level Angle of the bevel

Amount of tissue that needs to be penetrated

The color-coded band on the anesthetic cartridges identifies what? Anesthetic drug inside the cartridge Amount of anesthetic agent Expiration date Location of the bevel

Anesthetic drug inside the cartridge

Which topical anesthetic has the most rapid onset of action? Benzocaine Lidocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride Tetracaine hydrochloride

Benzocaine

Cartridges of local anesthetics contain 1.8 mL of solution-except articaine, which contains 1.7 mL of solution. How fast should articaine be injected? At a rate of 1.7 ML per minute At the rate that is comfortable for the patient At a rate of 1.8 ML per two minutes At a rate of 1.8 ML per minute

At a rate of 1.8 mL per 2 minutes

If plasma concentrations in the body become too high, the most prominent systemic effect will occur in which of the following systems? Respiratory system Cardiovascular system Central nervous system B and C

B and C

Larger gauge needles have what advantages over smaller gauge needles? More deflection Greater accuracy Increased injection success B and C

B and C

Following the local anesthetic procedure, what information is important to document? Anesthetic used and amount in cartridges Anesthetic used in amount in MG Vasoconstrictor used in amount in cartridges Vasoconstrictor used in amount in MG B&C only B & D only

B and C only

The bevel of the needle should: Never touch the bone Be turned away from the bone Be turned toward the bone Does not matter where the bevel is

Be turned toward the bone

What is the name of a common ester topical anesthetic? Benzocaine Prilocaine 2.5% Dyclonine hydrochloride Lidocaine

Benzocaine

What is the name of a common ester topical anesthetic? Lidocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride Prilocaine 2.5% Benzocaine

Benzocaine

What is the best reason for the relative contraindication to amide local anesthetics for patients with liver disease?

Biotransformation of the amides occurs primarily in the liver.

What is the best reason for the relative contraindication to amide local anesthetics for patients with liver disease? Amides are metabolized to ortho-toluidine Biotransformation of the amides occurs primarily in the liver Ether derivative drugs that are metabolized primarily in the lungs are available Cyanosis of the lips and mucous membranes may be observed

Biotransformation of the amides occurs primarily in the liver.

Which of the following can cause a false high blood pressure reading? Blood pressure cuff is too narrow Bladder or cuff is too wide Cuff is deflated too quickly Arm is above heart level

Blood pressure cuff is too narrow

Drying the mucosa with 2 x 2 gauze, prior to the application of topical anesthesia, assists in accurate placement of the topical anesthetic increasing the visibility increasing the penetration depth to 5 mm Both A and B

Both A and B

Harpoon disengagement may occur due to which operator error? Excessive pull during aspiration Failure to properly engage the harpoon during setup Excessive engagement of the harpoon during setup Both A and B

Both A and B

Which of the following are symptoms of a localized reaction to topical anesthetic? Irritation, burning, and stinging at the site of application Dizziness, tinnitus, and involuntary muscular activity Tissue sloughing or discoloration and temporary change in taste perception Both A and C

Both A and C

A bubble in the cartridge that is larger than 2 mm is harmlessly produced by nitrogen gas during the manufacturing process. A cartridge with a large bubble (>2 mm) can be used without complication. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

Both statements are false.

Local anesthetics are teratogenic and pose a moderate risk to the unborn fetus. The administration of all local anesthetic agents is an absolute contraindication in the first and second trimesters of The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true Both statements are true Both statements are false

Both statements are false.

Prior to providing an injection, the topical agent should remain at the site of penetration for about 4 minutes. Anesthesia should be achieved to a depth of approximately 5-6 mm into the tissue. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are false.

Prior to providing an injection, the topical agent should remain at the site of penetration for about 4 minutes. Anesthesia should be achieved to a depth of approximately 5-6 mm into the tissue. Both statements are true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are false.

The most common procedure for assessing the pulse rate is to palpate the brachial artery. Bradycardia is an abnormally elevated heart rate and may be a sign of cardiovascular disease or anxiety. Both statements are false What statements are true The first statement is false; the second statement is true The first statement is true; the second statement is false

Both statements are false.

The most common procedure for assessing the pulse rate is to palpate the brachial artery. Bradycardia is an abnormally elevated heart rate and may be a sign of cardiovascular disease or anxiety. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are false.

Topical anesthetics have a lower concentration of anesthetic than their injectable counterparts. This is necessary because some topical anesthetics contain a vasoconstrictor. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

Both statements are false.

While at room temperature, Oraqix is in gel form in the cartridge. It will liquidate as it reaches body temperature in the periodontal pocket. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

Both statements are false.

While at room temperature, Oraqix is in gel form in the cartridge. It will liquidate as it reaches body temperature in the periodontal pocket. Both statements are true. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. Both statements are false.

Both statements are false.

Adequate pain control is essential to provide thorough nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Thorough pain control is best accomplished by the administration of local anesthetics. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Few health conditions absolutely contraindicate the administration of vasoconstrictors. Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease are not normally seen for nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is false; the second statement is true The first statement is true; the second statement is false

Both statements are true.

Few health conditions absolutely contraindicate the administration of vasoconstrictors. Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease are not normally seen for nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Following the initial negative aspiration, the dental hygienist should rotate the barrel of the syringe about 45 degrees and aspirate a second time. This ensures that the needle is not located within a blood vessel and possibly abutting the blood vessel wall, providing a false-negative aspiration. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; second statement is false The first statement is false; second statement is true

Both statements are true.

In dentistry, the pressure-type syringe is used for providing anesthetic for periodontal ligament injections. It provides reliable anesthesia for one tooth in the mandible. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

In dentistry, the pressure-type syringe is used for providing anesthetic for periodontal ligament injections. It provides reliable anesthesia for one tooth in the mandible. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are false. Both statements are true. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

Local anesthesia is best administered by quadrants or sextants. It is an effective patient management Hope statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Local anesthesia is best administered by quadrants or sextants. It is an effective patient management strategy. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; second statement is false The first statement is false; second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Local anesthetics administered during pregnancy are not teratogenic and pose little danger to the fetus. Pregnant women can receive dental hygiene care with anesthesia in any trimester, in consultation with the patient's physician. both statements are false Both statements are true The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Local anesthetics administered during pregnancy are not teratogenic and pose little danger to the fetus. Pregnant women can receive dental hygiene care with anesthesia in any trimester, in consultation with the patient's physician. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Methemoglobinemia has been reported following topical anesthesia use of benzocaine, particularly with higher concentrations of 14%-20% spray applications applied to the mouth and mucous membrane. An advisory statement informing the public of the association between benzocaine and methemoglobinemia has been released by the Institute of Safe Medication Practices and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

Patient comfort can be increased by the sharpness of the bevel. The bevel of the needle should be turned toward the bone. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

Patient comfort can be increased by the sharpness of the bevel. The bevel of the needle should be turned toward the bone. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

Both statements are true.

The cartridge silicone rubber stopper is slightly indented from the rim of the glass barrel. Cartridges that have rubber stoppers that are not indented slightly should be discarded. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

The concentrations of topical anesthetics greater than those of their injectable counterparts. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. The first statement is true. The second statement is false. The first statement is false. The second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. 89

Both statements are true.

The hub of the needle is the point where the shaft of the needle joins and secures the needle to the syringe adaptor. The needle shank should never be inserted into tissue up to the hub of the needle. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

The hub of the needle is the point where the shaft of the needle joins and secures the needle to the syringe adaptor. The needle shank should never be inserted into tissue up to the hub of the needle. a. Both statements are false. Both statements are true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

The onset of action for benzocaine is rapid. The duration of action for benzocaine is 5-15 minutes. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

The onset of action for benzocaine is rapid. The duration of action for benzocaine is 5-15 minutes. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are false. Both statements are true.

Both statements are true.

The potentially adverse action of the released catecholamines on cardiovascular function in the patient with clinically significant heart or blood vessel disease warrants the inclusion of vasoconstrictors in the local anesthetic solution. Without adequate control of pain, sedation and stress reduction are impossible to achieve; however, use of local anesthetic plus a vasoconstrictor will help to ensure adequate pain control. Both statements are true Both statements are false First statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the first statement is true

Both statements are true.

The potentially adverse action of the released catecholamines on cardiovascular function in the patient with clinically significant heart or blood vessel disease warrants the inclusion of vasoconstrictors in the local anesthetic solution. Without adequate control of pain, sedation and stress reduction are impossible to achieve; however, use of local anesthetic plus a vasoconstrictor will help to ensure adequate pain control. . Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Topical anesthesia is available in many different forms: liquid, gel, spray, and patch. Topical anesthesia distributed in single dose applications decreases the possibility of cross-contamination. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

Both statements are true.

Topical anesthetic should be applied after the application of a topical antiseptic. Topical antiseptic can be used to decrease infection. The first statement is true; second statement is false The first statement is false; second statement is true Both statements are true Both statements are

Both statements are true.

Topical anesthetics are available in concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 20%. Products available over the counter can have concentrations just as high as those used professional in the dental office. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

Topical anesthetics are available in concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 20%. Products available over the counter can have concentrations just as high as those used professional in the dental office. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Both statements are true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are false.

Both statements are true.

When half-mouth treatment is planned, the inferior alveolar and buccal blocks are given first, then the maxillary facial, and then palatal injections follow with instrumenting proceeding first on the maxillary arch. This allows time for the entire mandibular arch to become completely anesthetized. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

When the anesthetic solution has expired, the pH of the anesthetic solution will decrease when the preservative sodium bisulfate is oxidized to sodium bisulfate. This can be avoided by checking the expiration date printed on the Mylar label. Both statements are false. Both statements are true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

When the anesthetic solution has expired, the pH of the anesthetic solution will decrease when the preservative sodium bisulfate is oxidized to sodium bisulfate. This can be avoided by checking the expiration date printed on the Mylar label. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

All of the following cause a burning sensation when the anesthetic is injected into just tissue EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? The anesthetic is more acidic than the tissue The low pH Vasoconstrictors Buffered anesthetic

Buffered anesthetic

If repeated positive aspirations are observed at the same injection site, it may be necessary for the dental hygienist to consider postponing treatment because repeated penetrations in the same area can cause bleeding at the target location and increase risk of hematoma, trismus, postoperative pain, and infection. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct NIETHER the statement NOR the reason is correct Both the statement and reason are correct and related

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

If repeated positive aspirations are observed at the same injection site, it may be necessary for the dental hygienist to consider postponing treatment because repeated penetrations in the same area can cause bleeding at the target location and increase risk of hematoma, trismus, postoperative pain, and infection. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct both statement and reason are correct and related

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Larger-gauge needles provide less tissue deflection during significant needle penetration because of the greater rigidity of larger gauge needles. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Larger-gauge needles provide less tissue deflection during significant needle penetration because of the greater rigidity of larger gauge needles. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Small bubbles (1-2 millimeters) trapped in the anesthetic cartridge are harmless because they are produced by nitrogen gas bubbled into the solution during the manufacturing process. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Small bubbles (1-2 millimeters) trapped in the anesthetic cartridge are harmless because they are produced by nitrogen gas bubbled into the solution during the manufacturing process. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Unmetered sprays are not recommended because they do not allow control of the amount of anesthetic dispensed, nor are they easily contained at a specific site. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is corect.

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Unmetered sprays are not recommended because they do not allow control of the amount of anesthetic dispensed, nor are they easily contained at a specific site. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. Both the statement and reason are corect and related. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

When infection is present, it is recommended to administer nerve blocks away from the area of infection because the acidic nature of the anesthetic deposited into acidic tissue from an infection decreases the ability of the anesthetic to readily dissociate for nerve penetration. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct Both the statement and the reason are correct and related NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

A toxic overdose of topical anesthetic may result in which of the following? Hypertension Bradycardia Tachycardia Both A and B

Bradycardia

Pulling the tissue taut before needle insertion helps all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Visibility Ease of needle insertion Ease of needle penetration through the tissue Burning sensation felt by the patient

Burning sensation felt by the patient

All of the following EXCEPT one are considered advantages for the use of topical anesthetic agents. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Minimize pain associated with needle insertion Can be purchased over the counter Useful in treatment of minor oral injuries Reduce gag reflex during radiographic procedures

Can be purchased over the counter

What FDA Category does Oragix fall into? Category A Category B Category C Categories B or C, depending on the concentration used.

Category B

What FDA Category does Oraqix fall into? Category B Category C Categories B or C, depending on the concentration used. Category A

Category B

Which of the following is a way to decrease pain during injections? Change needle after 3 to 4 tissue penetrations Withdraw the needle quickly Use a vasoconstrictor Remove the needle quickly

Change needle after 3 to 4 tissue penetrations

Avoid use of vasopressors; may lead to myocardial infarction

Cocaine abusers

Best practices to alleviate a patient's anxiety about local anesthetic include: Communication Music playing in the background Show, tail, and explain the workings of the syringe and needle Silence while administering the anesthetic

Communication

All of the following are advantages of purchasing a single-dose unit of a topical anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Dose manageable Cost-effective Less cross-contamination Less messy

Cost-effective

All of the following are advantages of purchasing a single-dose unit of a topical anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Less cross-contamination Cost-effective Dose manageable Less messy

Cost-effective

List the methods for delivery of topical anesthetic drugs.

Cotton tip applicators, sprays, brushes, patches, blunted cannulas and/or syringes, and single- dose applicator swabs

List the specific local anesthetic information that should be included in the chart documentation.

Drug used and concentration, vasoconstrictor used (if any), amount administered in milligrams, the gauge and type of needle, the injections given, the time of administration, and any patient reactions.

What is the weakest part of the needle? The shaft The hub The smaller gauge The bevel

The hub

List the specific local anesthetic information that should be included in the chart documentation.

Drug used and concentration. vasoconstrictor used (if any). amount administered in milligrams. The gauge and type of needle. the injections given. The time of administration. any patient reactions.

What is the name of a common ketone topical anesthetic? Benzocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride Tetracaine hydrochloride Lidocaine

Dyclonine hydrochloride

What is the name of a common ketone topical anesthetic? Lidocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride Tetracaine hydrochloride Benzocaine

Dyclonine hydrochloride

Which of the following topical anesthetic agents is considered a ketone? Benzocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride Lidocaine A and B

Dyclonine hydrochloride

Which topical anesthetic is not classified as an ester or an amide, but as a ketone? Benzocaine Lidocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride Tetracaine hydrochloride

Dyclonine hydrochloride

All of the following are true regarding maximum recommended doses for topical anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? It is difficult to monitor exact doses being given Patches are a good way to monitor exact doses Maximum recommended dose does not exist for all topical anesthetics Exact doses can be measured using a cotton tip applicator

Exact doses can be measured using a cotton tip applicator

What is the likelihood that your patient will experience a true allergic reaction to an amide local anesthetic? Extremely unlikely Somewhat unlikely Very likelyy

Extremely unlikely

.Local anesthetics containing a vasoconstrictor are relative contraindications for a patient who reports experiencing an allergic reaction to local anesthetics in the past. True false

False

A patient presents to your dental office the day after her dental appointment complaining of swelling and itching on the right side of her face. You should reassure the patient that it is not possible that her symptoms are related to dental anesthesia. True False

False

A patient who had heart bypass surgery 1 year ago should not have local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors. True false

False

Benzocaine topical anesthetic exists almost entirely in its base form, making absorption into circulation high. False True

False

Benzocaine topical anesthetic exists almost entirely in its base form, making absorption into circulation high. True False

False

Depositing anesthetic agent should be done quickly to promote patient comfort. True false

False

Following a positive aspiration, the dental hygienist must always change the cartridge and redo the procedure. True false

False

If two quadrants are to be completed in a single visit, anesthesia should be administered to the upper right and left quadrants or to the lower right and left quadrants. True false

False

Local anesthetics containing a vasoconstrictor are relative contraindications for a patient who reports experiencing an allergic reaction to local anesthetics in the past. True false

False

Needles should be carefully bent before disposing of them in the sharps container. True false

False

Patients who report an allergy to sulfites should be given the vasoconstrictor levonordefrin. True false

False

Patients with an artificial heart valve need premedication before a local anesthetic injection. True false

False

Pulpal anesthesia can be achieved using 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine gel mixture. True False

False

Suggested safety controls for needles and other sharps include placing used disposable syringes and needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp items in appropriate puncture-resistant containers. True false

False

The dental hygienist should practice the local anesthetic technique until it becomes routine. True false

False

The incidence of occupational exposures is reduced for the experienced clinician. True false

False

The most commonly found form of lidocaine is in base form because it is water soluble and can easily penetrate and be absorbed into the tissues. False True

False

The most commonly found form of lidocaine is in base form because it is water soluble and can easily penetrate and be absorbed into the tissues. True False

False

The over-the-counter product Anbesol with benzocaine can be safely used by all family members. True False

False

The published maximum dosage recommendation for the topical anesthetic benzocaine is 200 mg. True False

False

To provide safe and comfortable injections, the clinician should administer the anesthetic solution quickly. True false

False

patient is considered to have tachycardia if beats per minute are greater than 80. True false

False

Computer-controlled anesthetic devices are beneficial because they deliver exact amounts of anesthetic at a controlled rate. They are less ergonomic for the clinician. Both statements are true Both statements are false First statement is true and second is false First statement is false and second is true

First statement is true and second is false

What is the maximum recommended dose of Oraqix at one dental treatment session? Four cartridges Five cartridges Two cartridges Eleven cartridges

Five cartridges

List common forms of topical anesthetics used in dentistry.

Gel, spray, liquid, ointment, and one patch form

Syringe barrel.

Has a large window and a small window for visibility of cartridge

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to the use of vasoconstrictors? Blood pressure 175/95 mm Hg Heart attack five months ago Use of tricyclic anti-depressant Controlled diabetes

Heart attack 5 months ago

A patient presents to your dental office with a toothache. His blood pressure is 200/116. What should you do? Refuse treatment and refer the patient immediately to the hospital emergency Implement anxiety control measures, including the use of natures oxide/oxygen analgesia Take no unusual precautions related to patient management based on blood pressure readings after medical approval is up to you Have the dentist retake the patient's blood pressure and have him initial the patient's chart, granting you permission to treat this patient

Implement anxiety control measures, including the use of nitrous oxide/oxygen analgesia.

All of the following are possible localized adverse reactions associated with topical anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Burning or stinging. Sloughing Tissue discoloration A and B Increased heart rate.

Increased heart rate.

Which of the following are important criteria for an acceptable local anesthetic syringe? Inexpensive, self-contained, and able to withstand repeated sterilization without damage Able to withstand repeated sterilization, lightweight, and expensive Not self-contained, inexpensive, and able to withstand repeated sterilization without damage Not self-contained, heavy in weight, and able to withstand repeated sterilization without damage

Inexpensive, self-contained, and able to withstand repeated sterilization without damage

What can the clinician safely do if a patient is experiencing excessive bleeding while undergoing root planing? Infiltrate epinephrine one; 50, 000 a small amount directly into the area of bleeding Administer more anesthesia plus vasoconstrictor Use a larger volume of anesthesia Reschedule the patient for another appointment after some tissue healing

Infiltrate epinephrine 1:50,000 in small amounts directly into the area of bleeding

Benzocaine is available in all of the following preparations EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Cream Gel Spray Patch Injectable

Injectable

Surface anesthesia can be achieved by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Injections Gels Creams Sprays Injections

Injections

What is a possible disadvantage of using the self-aspirating syringe? Insecurity of the clinician accustomed to the harpoon-type syringe. Harpoon disengagement may occur more easily during aspiration. Discoloration of the plastic from autoclaving frequently. It is rust resistant.

Insecurity of the clinician accustomed to the harpoon-type syringe.

What is a possible disadvantage of using the self-aspirating syringe? It is rust resistant. Discoloration of the plastic from autoclaving frequently. Insecurity of the clinician accustomed to the harpoon-type syringe. Harpoon disengagement may occur more easily during aspiration.

Insecurity of the clinician accustomed to the harpoon-type syringe.

EMLA is approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use on which of the following areas? Intact skin Mucous membranes Hard palate Soft palate

Intact skin

What is an advantage of using the pressure-type syringe over the conventional type of syringe? It achieves negative pressure for an aspiration without a harpoon. It utilizes a lightweight wand designed for ergonomic control. It administers a 0.2-ml dosage of anesthetic. It is more successful than block anesthetic.

It administers a 0.2-ml dosage of anesthetic.

Why is the pterygoid venous plexus an area of concern when administering the PSA? It has major nerve innervation's It is located so far distally It is highly vascular area All options listed

It is a highly vascular area

Which of the following is NOT an ideal property of an oral topical anesthetic? It produces dependency on repeated use. It remains at the site of application. It has an acceptable taste. It permits a comfortable (pain-free) application.

It produces dependency on repeated use.

When comparing large-gauge numbers to smaller-gauge numbers, what does the larger-gauge number of the needle mean? It refers to a short needle. It refers to a longer needle. It refers to the smaller diameter of the needle. It refers to the larger diameter of the needle.

It refers to the smaller diameter of the needle.

When comparing large-gauge numbers to smaller-gauge numbers, what does the larger-gauge number of the needle mean? It refers to the smaller diameter of the needle. It refers to a short needle. It refers to the larger diameter of the needle. It refers to a longer needle.

It refers to the smaller diameter of the needle.

All of the following are considered ideal properties of a topical anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? It should produce no damage to the tissue It should have an acceptable taste It should not induce systemic toxicity It should be allergenic

It should be allergenic

Gauge

J. The size of the lumen of the needle

A patient presents to your office asking for a needleless injection. What anesthetic method is the patient referring to? Breach-loading syringes Jet injector syringes Self-aspirating syringes Computer-controlled anesthetic

Jet injector syringes

A patient presents to your office asking for a needleless injection. What anesthetic method is the patient referring to? Computer-controlled anesthetic Self-aspirating syringes Jet injector syringes Breach-loading syringes

Jet injector syringes

Which anesthetic falls under the pregnancy risk category B? Lidocaine Bupivacaine Articaine Mepivacaine

Lidocaine

Which of the following topical anesthetics is classified as an amide? Benzocaine Lidocaine Tetracaine Dyclonine

Lidocaine

Which of the following topical anesthetics has a U.S. Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category B? Tetracaine hydrochloride Benzocaine Lidocaine/prilocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride

Lidocaine/prilocaine

When soft tissue anesthesia is needed in a limited area, it is best to perform a: Supraperiosteal Local infiltration Surface anesthesia Nerve block

Local infiltration

What is the main difference in the mechanism of action between topical anesthetics and injectable anesthetics? All options listed Decrease of excitability threshold Increase of depolarization Location of the blocking of nerve conduction

Location of the blocking of nerve conduction

What is the name of the inherited syndrome that is triggered by the exposure to certain drugs used for general anesthesia and the neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine?

Malignant hyperthermia

What is the name of the inherited syndrome that is triggered by the exposure to certain drugs used for general anesthesia and the neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine? Methemoglobinemia Cirrhosis Malignant hyperthermia Cancer

Malignant hyperthermia

Which of the following is true? Malignant hyperthermia is a hereditary condition characterized by the inability of blood to bind to oxygen Malignant hyperthermia can be fatal if not treated quickly Malignant hyperthermia occurs more frequently in adults then it doesn't children Amide Local anesthetics are absolutely contradicted for patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia

Malignant hyperthermia can be fatal if not treated quickly.

All of the following are true regarding phenothiazines EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Alpha blocker that antagonizes the beta affects the epinephrine May reverse the presser affect of vasoconstrictor May increase the risk of hypertension When epinephrine is needed, the minimum effective dose should be administered

May increase the risk of hypertension

All of the following are true regarding phenothiazines EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Alpha blocker that antagonizes the beta effects of epinephrine When epinephrine is needed, the minimum effective dose should be administered May reverse the presser affect of vasoconstrictors May increase risk of hypertension

May increase the risk of hypertension

What has the combined lidocaine/prilocaine cream been approved and effectively used for? Medical procedures Dental procedures Topical anesthetic for skin abrasions All options listed

Medical procedures

What has the combined lidocaine/prilocaine cream been approved and effectively used for? Topical anesthetic for skin abrasions Medical procedures All options listed Dental procedures

Medical procedures

Which method of delivery is recommended to decrease the risk of methemoglobinemia? Unmetered spray Metered spray Unmetered spray with disposable nozzle Metered spray with disposable nozzle

Metered spray with disposable nozzle

It is safe to insert the needle to the hub. The hub of the needle is the strongest part of the needle. Both the statement and the reason are CORRECT and related Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is CORRECT NEITHER the statement nor the reason is CORRECT

NEITHER the statement nor the reason is CORRECT

Warming the anesthetic agent is recommended for patient comfort because it can activate the vasoconstrictor. This can cause an increase in the duration of action. Both the statement and the reason are CORRECT and related Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related The statement is CORRECT, but the reason is NOT The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is CORRECT NEITHER the statement nor the reason is correct

NEITHER the statement nor the reason is correct

What is the name of the component of the syringe that can easily be unscrewed and inadvertently disposed of during needle removal? Finger grip Harpoon Piston Needle adaptor

Needle adaptor

What is the name of the component of the syringe that can easily be unscrewed and inadvertently disposed of during needle removal? Finger grip Needle adaptor Harpoon Piston

Needle adaptor

What term describes the injection site where the bevel of the needle is covered with tissue? Depth of needle penetration Deposit location Needle insertion point None of the above

Needle insertion point

Which patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects to topical anesthetic agents? Children Elderly Medically compromised All options listed

O All options listed

What is the correct dental term for the presence of a clear air bubble, or no return after definite movement backward of the rubber stopper? Negative aspiration All options listed Aspiration Positive aspiration

Negative aspiration

What is produced when the thumb ring of a syringe is pulled back by the clinician, causing retraction of the rubber stopper? Positive aspiration Negative aspiration Negative pressure None of the above

Negative pressure

What is produced when the thumb ring of a syringe is pulled back by the clinician, causing retraction of the rubber stopper? Positive aspiration Negative pressure Negative aspiration None of the above

Negative pressure

The dental hygienist will provide nonsurgical periodontal therapy of teeth #18 to 24. Which injection administration technique should the dental hygienist use? Supraperiosteal Local infiltration Nerve block Surface anesthesia

Nerve block

Which of the following drugs is the best choice to administer when a patient has a history of hepatitis B? Mepivacaine Lidocaine Bupivacaine Nonselective

Nonselective

It is recommended to monitor a patient's blood pressure throughout treatment for symptoms of altered (increased) blood pressure when a patient is taking which of the following medications? Phenothiazines Monoamine oxidase Nonspecific beta blockers Insulin Barbiturates

Nonspecific beta blockers

Topical anesthesia will anesthetize the affected area _______into the tissue. 1 to 2 mm 2 to 3 mm 3 to 5 mm 5 to 7 mm

O 2 to 3 mm

When does the needile become dull? It does not become dull because it is disposable. After three to four needle penetrations. After five to six needle penetrations. After it is sterilized.

O After three to four needle penetrations.

Patients with atypical plasma cholinesterase should not receive which classification of drugs? All amides All esters Vasoconstrictors Sulfonamides

O All esters

Which of the following are best practices to follow when administering local anesth the dental office? Review the patient's health and dental history at all appointments. Use the lowest concentration of anesthesia to satisfy clinical requirements. Limit the area of application. Know the concentration of the drug being used. All options listed

O All options listed

Which of the following conditions are absolute contraindications for vasoconstrictors? Myocardial infarction within 6 months Coronary bypass surgery within 6 months Uncontrolled high blood pressure All options listed

O All options listed

Which of the following properties are advantages of topical anesthetics being in a liquid form? Provides anesthesia to a widespread area Useful to decrease a patient's gag reflex Can be applied to site-specific areas with an applicator All options listed

O All options listed

What is the name of a plastic, single-use or partially disposable syringe that utilizes a retractable plastic sheath that locks over the needle upon removal from tissue? Plastic breech-loading syringe Safety syringe Jet injector syringe Pressure syringe

O Safety syringe

The care plan should be developed by the dental hygienist and presented to the patient. Local anesthesia should be administered in the areas that can be completed in one appointment. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; second statement is false The first statement is false; second statement is true

O The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

What is the purpose of applying negative pressure to the harpoon? To ensure the rubber stopper does not move To advance the piston To evaluate whether the needle is within a blood vessel To evaluate whether the needle is within a nerve

O To evaluate whether the needle is within a blood vessel

Vasoconstrictors are an absolute contraindication for a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. True false

O True

What should the clinician do while waiting for local anesthetic to take effect for her patient? Observe the patient for possible signs of adverse reaction Take a much needed break Clean the other operatory Bag instruments in the sterilization area

Observe the patient for possible signs of an adverse reaction

What is the most common topical preparation for lidocaine? Solution Ointment Spray Patch

Ointment

Which of the following is a eutectic mixture that will thicken into a gel once inserted into a periodontal pocket, relieving pain associated with nonsurgical periodontal therapy? Oraqix (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine gel) EMLA (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine cream) Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, tetracaine) Dyclonine hydrochloride

Oraqix (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine gel)

Methemoglobinemia is caused by the metabolite: Orthotoluidine Benzene Para-amino benzoyl acid Xylidine

Orthotoluidine

What is a common mistake that beginners tend to make when first learning to give local anesthesia, especially if they do not have a firm fulcrum? Not performing the aspiration step at the appropriate intervals Allowing the thumb ring to slip down to the bottom of the thumb, making it difficult to achieve full range of backward motion Allowing the patient to dictate the placement of the site of injection Over exaggerating the pulling back motion of the phone ring, pulling the needle away from the proper depth of penetration

Overexaggerating the pulling back motion of the thumb ring, pulling the needle away from the proper depth of penetration.

Gauze 2x2 squares are a helpful supplement to the anesthetic armamentarium. Which of the following is NOT a function of a gauze 2x2? Pressure anesthesia Retraction Stabilization Visibility

Pressure anesthesia

Which of the following anesthetics should be avoided if a patient has methemoglobinemia? Bupivacaine Prilocaine Lidocaine Procaine

Prilocaine

Which of the following local anesthetic agents is found in Oragix? Mepivacaine Prilocaine Procaine Benzocaine Articaine

Prilocaine

Which of the listed local anesthetics could produce an emergency situation characterized by the inability of the blood to bind to oxygen? Prilocaine Lidocaine Mepivacaine Epinephrine

Prilocaine

Which of the listed local anesthetics could produce an emergency situation characterized by the inability of the blood to bind to oxygen? Prilocaine Mepivacaine Lidocaine Epinephrine

Prilocaine

Select the local anesthetic that is most likely to inhibit the antibacterial activity of sulfonamides. Lidocaine Prilocaine Articaine Procaine Bupivacaine

Procaine

What are characteristics of topical anesthetics? Provide soft tissue anesthesia Diffuse 5 mm into the mucous membrane Less concentrated than injectable anesthetic solutions A and B

Provide soft tissue anesthesia

What is the main advantage of the nerve block over other types of anesthesia? It is administered in the vicinity of a nerve trunk It can be administered at a distance from the area of treatment It has less potential for piercing the artery or vein that accompanies the nerve Provides profound pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia over a large area

Provides profound pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia over a larger area.

As you are about to administer an injection, your needle tip inadvertently touches the patient's disposable bib (clean but not sterile). What should you do next? As long as the bib was clean, proceed in administering the local anesthesia. Recap the needle with the one-hand scoop method, discard it and replace it with a new, sterilized needle.Proceed in administering the local anesthesia. Remove and sterilize the contaminated needle with alcohol. Replace the recently cleaned needle and proceed in administering local anesthesia. Carefully remove the needle, making certain not to prick your hand, and set it in the corner of your table tray to recap after the appointment. Replace it with a new, sterilized needle. Proceed in administering the local anesthesia.

Recap the needle with the one-hand scoop method, discard it and replace it with a new, sterilized needle. Proceed in administering the local anesthesia.

After removing the needle, what is the immediate next step? Rinsing the patient's mouth Documenting the procedure Recapping the needle Monitoring the patient for reaction

Recapping the needle

How should a clinician properly dispose of anesthetic needles? Recapping using the scoop method and disposal in an approved sharps container Recapping using the scoop method and placing in the garbage Bending the needle, recapping, and disposal in an approved sharps container Bending the needle, recapping, and disposal in a biohazard container

Recapping using the scoop method and disposal in an approved sharps container

Patients taking Elavil should: Not receive amide local anesthetic Receive amide local anesthetic when administered in the minimal effect of those Not receive ester local anesthetic Receive lowest effective dose of epinephrine similar to the recommended for a cardiovascular involved patient

Receive lowest effective dose of epinephrine similar to that recommended for a cardiovascularly involved patient

What should the clinician do if the harpoon becomes disengaged during aspiration? Seek help from the dentist. Do not let the patient know and continue with the procedure, but document the incident in the chart notes. Remove the syringe, remove the needle, reengage the harpoon, reattach the needle, and then continue with the procedure. Gently reengage the harpoon while maintaining correct injection site position.

Remove the syringe, remove the needle, reengage the harpoon, reattach the needle, and then continue with the procedure.

What should the clinician do if the harpoon becomes disengaged during aspiration? Seek help from the dentist. Remove the syringe, remove the needle, reengage the harpoon, reattach the needle, and then continue with the procedure. Gently reengage the harpoon while maintaining correct injection site position. Do not let the patient know and continue with the procedure, but document the incident in the chart notes.

Remove the syringe, remove the needle, reengage the harpoon, reattach the needle, and then continue with the procedure.

All of the following describes advantages of single unit-dose applications of topical anesthetics EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Prevents cross-contamination Doses administered can be monitored Less messy Requires less administration time

Requires less administration time

What is the name of a plastic, single-use or partially disposable syringe that utilizes a retractable plastic sheath that locks over the needle upon removal from tissue? Plastic breech-loading syringe Pressure syringe Jet injector syringe Safety syringe

Safety syringe

Which of the following is NOT an effective stress reduction measure? Minimize the patients waiting Schedule the appointment in the afternoon Administer adequate pain control during therapy Personally call me anxious patient, later the same day, following treatment

Schedule the appointment in the afternoon

Which of the following are considered advantages of the application of dental topical anesthetics in a patch form? Cost-effective All options listed Multiple choices Site-specific

Site-specific

Which of the following are considered advantages of the application of dental topical anesthetics in a patch form? Site-specific Multiple choices Cost-effective All options listed

Site-specific

Which of the following indicates that the cartridge should be used? Small bubbles less than 2 mm Large bubbles more than 2 mm Extruded stopper Extruded stopper with a large bubble

Small bubbles less than 2 mm

Following the administration of a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor, the patient experiences mild itching and a slight rash. This is most likely caused by: The amide anesthetic Methylparaben Sodium bisulfite The epinephrine

Sodium bisulfite

Topical anesthetics are available in a variety of forms. Which method of delivery is most likely to produce a toxic reaction? Patch Gel Applicator swab Spray

Spray

Which of the following guidelines should be followed in order to correctly store local anesthetic cartridges in the dental office? Keep in a commercially available cartridge warmer Keep in a refrigerator at a constant cool temperature but without freezing Store at room temperature in a dark place Store in disinfectant solution so they are readily available for use as needed

Store at room temperature in a dark place

Which of the following guidelines should be followed in order to correctly store local anesthetic cartridges in the dental office? Keep in a commercially available cartridge warmer Keep in a refrigerator at a constant cool temperature but without freezing Store in disinfectant solution so they are readily available for use as needed Store at room temperature in a dark place

Store at room temperature in a dark place

What is the recommended patient position when administering anesthesia? Supine Semisupine Upright Head below heart level

Supine

If the dental hygienist wants to anesthetize tooth #12, which injection administration technique should the clinician use? Supraperiosteal Local infiltration Nerve block Surface anesthesia

Supraperiosteal

What type of injection administration technique is the anterior superior alveolar (ASA)? Supraperiosteal Local infiltration Nerve block Surface anesthesia

Supraperiosteal

Patients with bleeding disorders will most likely be susceptible to: Technique of anesthetic and ministration Vasoconstrictors Ester Anesthetics Amide anesthetics

Technique of anesthetic administration

What is the name of the most potent ester topical anesthetic? 2.5% Lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine cream Dyclonine hydrochloride Tetracaine hydrochloride Benzocaine

Tetracaine hydrochloride

What is the name of the most potent ester topical anesthetic? Tetracaine hydrochloride Dyclonine hydrochloride Benzocaine 2.5% Lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine cream

Tetracaine hydrochloride

Which topical anesthetic has the longest average duration? Benzocaine Lidocaine Dyclonine hydrochloride Tetracaine hydrochloride

Tetracaine hydrochloride

What is the weakest part of the needle? The shaft The hub The bevel The smaller gauge

The hub

Since the syringe was introduced in 1921, what has been the single most important improvement in dental local anesthetic? The addition of the breech-loading window for visibility The addition of the aspirating harpoon The elimination of the needle The computer-controlled anesthetic devices

The addition of the aspirating harpoon

Since the syringe was introduced in 1921, what has been the single most important improvement in dental local anesthetic? The computer-controlled anesthetic devices The addition of the aspirating harpoon The elimination of the needle The addition of the breech-loading window for visibility

The addition of the aspirating harpoon

What is the most important improvement that has been made to the local anesthetic syringe? Recapping devices to prevent needlesticks The addition of the aspirating harpoon Adding weight for better grasp Various thumb ring sizes

The addition of the aspirating harpoon

What does the presence of an extruded anesthetic cartridge stopper without a large bubble mean? The anesthetic has been frozen. The anesthetic has gotten too warm. The anesthetic cartridge has been placed in disinfecting solution. The anesthetic has expired.

The anesthetic cartridge has been placed in disinfecting solution.

What does the presence of an extruded anesthetic cartridge stopper without a large bubble mean? The anesthetic has expired. The anesthetic has gotten too warm. The anesthetic has been frozen. The anesthetic cartridge has been placed in disinfecting solution.

The anesthetic cartridge has been placed in disinfecting solution.

What is indicated by the presence of bubbles larger than 2 mm in diameter and located within the anesthetic cartridge? The anesthetic has expired. The anesthetic has gotten too warm. The anesthetic has been frozen. The anesthetic cartridge has been placed in disinfecting solution.

The anesthetic has been frozen.

What is indicated by the presence of bubbles larger than 2 mm in diameter and located within the anesthetic cartridge? The anesthetic has gotten too warm. The anesthetic cartridge has been placed in disinfecting solution. The anesthetic has expired. The anesthetic has been frozen.

The anesthetic has been frozen.

What is the definition of the needle bevel? The diameter of the needle lumen The lumen of the needle The angled point or tip of the needle The plastic or prethreaded metal adaptor

The angled point or tip of the needle

What is the reason that concentrations of topical anesthetic agents are higher than those of their injectable counterparts? Topical agents are not natural vasoconstrictors like injectable anesthetic agents. They facilitate high plasma concentrations of topical anesthetic agents. They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes. With topical anesthetic agents, systemic absorption decreases.

The facility to fusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes

A child can grant informed consent for dental work. The written agreement of the care plan becomes a legal contract between the patient and the dental hygienist. Both statements are true Both statements are false First statement is true; second statement is false The first statement is false; second statement is true

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

A child can grant informed consent for dental work. The written agreement of the care plan becomes a legal contract between the patient and the dental hygienist. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; second statement is false The first statement is false; second statement is true

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Patient comfort is minimized through the use of a sharply beveled needle. When administering local anesthesia, the bevel of the needle should face the bone. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The care plan should be developed by the dental hygienist and presented to the patient. Local anesthesia should be administered in the areas that can be completed in one appointment. Both statements are true Both statements are false The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

To obtain the most benefit from the use of topical anesthetics, a fairly substantial amount of topical should be placed on the cotton tip applicator. This amount mixes with the saliva and may numb the tongue, soft palate, or pharynx. Both statements are true. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are false.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

To obtain the most benefit from the use of topical anesthetics, a fairly substantial amount of topical should be placed on the cotton tip applicator. This amount mixes with the saliva and may numb the tongue, soft palate, or pharynx. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

To prevent accidental needle stick exposures to the clinician, the clinician should wear thick utility gloves to protect herself. Needle stick injuries typically occur from inattention by the clinician or unexpected patient movement. Both statements are false. Both statements are true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

To prevent accidental needle stick exposures to the clinician, the clinician should wear thick utility gloves to protect herself. Needle stick injuries typically occur from inattention by the clinician or unexpected patient movement. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Allergic reactions associated with topical anesthetics are rare. It is not necessary to review a patient's medical history before applying a topical anesthetic agent. The first statement is true; the second statement is false The first statement is false; the second statement is true Both statements are true Both statements are false

The first statement is true; the second statement is false

The FDA has released a Public Health Advisory alerting consumers to the potential risk of life- threatening or fatal reactions to over-the-counter topical anesthetics. Some of these over-the-counter topical anesthetics are available in concentrations twice the strength of those used in the dental office. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The importance of aspirating prior to anesthetic deposition and the potential hazards associated with intravascular injections are widely known and accepted. The self-aspirating syringe achieve positive pressure for an aspiration without a harpoon. Both statements are false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are true.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The importance of aspirating prior to anesthetic deposition and the potential hazards associated with intravascular injections are widely known and accepted. The self-aspirating syringe achieves the positive pressure for an aspiration without a harpoon. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Various colors are used by manufacturers to indicate the gauge and length of needles. There are no uniform guidelines for the color of needle shields. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Various colors are used by manufacturers to indicate the gauge and length of needles. There are no uniform guidelines for the color of needle shields. Both statements are true. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Which of the following modifications would apply when administering anesthesia to a patient with thrombophilia (clotting disorder)? The hygienist should administer an anesthetic with a high concentration of vasoconstrictors (one; 50, 000) The hygienist should administer a plain anesthetic (no vasoconstrictor) The hygienist should administer infiltration anesthesia in place of block injection, which pose a greater risk of puncturing a blood vessel(PSA, IA, and so on) The administration of local anesthesia is an absolute contradiction for patients with bleeding or clotting disorders

The hygienist should administer infitration anesthesia in place of block injections, which pose a greater risk of puncturing a blood vessel (PSA, IA, and so on).

Which part of the syringe must be pulled back when inserting the anesthetic cartridge? The internal end of the piston with the harpoon The external end of the piston The harpoon only The rubber stopper

The internal end of the piston with the harpoon

Which part of the syringe must be pulled back when inserting the anesthetic cartridge? The rubber stopper The external end of the piston The internal end of the piston with the harpoon The harpoon only

The internal end of the piston with the harpoon

Which of the following is an important feature of the syringe barrel? It is capable of being loaded from the side. All options listed It provides the clinician with syringe stability and control. The large window provides direct vision of the cartridge during anesthetic administration.

The large window provides direct vision of the cartridge during anesthetic administration.

Which of the following is an important feature of the syringe barrel? It provides the clinician with syringe stability and control. It is capable of being loaded from the side. The large window provides direct vision of the cartridge during anesthetic administration. All options listed

The large window provides direct vision of the cartridge during anesthetic administration.

Shaft

The length of the needle composed of long tubular metal extending from the tip of the needle to the cartridge penetrating end

Syringe adaptor

The metal or plastic hub that attaches the needle to the syringe

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Allergic reactions associated with topical anesthetics are rare Topical anesthetics are made available over-the-counter The more topical placed at the site of needle penetration the better Tetracaine hydrochloride is considered the most potent of the topical anesthetics

The more topical placed at the site of needle penetration the better

Your patient complained that the injection that you just administered was very painful as you withdrew the needle. What do you think happened to cause this pain? You used a dull needle. You withdrew the needle too quickly. The needle had a barb from manufacturing. All options listed.

The needle had a barb from manufacturing.

Your patient complained that the injection that you just administered was very painful as you withdrew the needle. What do you think happened to cause this pain? You withdrew the needle too quickly. All options listed. You used a dull needle. The needle had a barb from manufacturing.

The needle had a barb from manufacturing.

In which scenario is antibiotic premedication recommended? Placement of a dental implant Placement of a rubber dam Placement of orthodontic brackets Post operative suture removal

The placement of a dental implant

Which of the following statements is the correct consideration regarding the use of amide local anesthetic plus vasoconstrictor in treating a patient with a known bleeding disorder? The amide local anesthetic should not be used because it has Vasodilatory effects A high concentration of vasoconstrictor should be utilized The risk of a positive aspiration is the greatest concern All options listed

The risk of a positive aspiration is the greatest concern.

Diaphragm

The semipermeable material located at the top of the anesthetic cartridge

Harpoon

The sharp tip of an aspirating syringe that allows for aspiration

The 25-gauge needle is safer for the patient because the smaller lumen provides ease of aspiration. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.

The 25-gauge needle is safer for the patient because the smaller lumen provides ease of aspiration. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.

The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.

The American Dental Association has set forth criteria for the acceptance of local anesthetic syringes. Which of the following is NOT consistent with the ADA's standards? The syringe must be disposable. The syringe must provide effective aspiration. The syringe must be inexpensive. The syringe must be capable of accepting a variety of cartridges and needles.

The syringe must be disposable.

What is the reason that concentrations of topical anesthetic agents are higher than those of their injectable counterparts? Topical agents are not natural vasoconstrictors like injectable anesthetic agents. They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes. They facilitate high plasma concentrations of topical anesthetic agents. With topical anesthetic agents, systemic absorption decreases.

They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes.

On receiving the maximum recommended dose of prilocaine, the patient's lips and mucous membranes turn blue. Which of the following is a possible explanation? The patient has methemoglobinemia The patient has liver disease The patient has kidney disease The patient has a typical plasma cholinesterase

This patient has methemoglobinemia.

Manufacturer recommendations for the routine maintenance of reusable syringes include: Lubrication of the piston after every autoclave run Thorough cleaning and sterilization after use on each patient Disposing of syringes with bent harpoons Never dismantling the syringe

Thorough cleaning and sterilization after use on each patient

Manufacturer recommendations for the routine maintenance of reusable syringes include: Thorough cleaning and sterilization after use on each patient Never dismantling the syringe Disposing of syringes with bent harpoons Lubrication of the piston after every autoclave run

Thorough cleaning and sterilization after use on each patient

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use for topical anesthesia? To increase comfort during minor dental hygiene procedures To reduce a patient's gag reflex while taking dental impressions To minimize the pain associated with needle insertion To achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures

To achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures

All of the following are the benefits of establishing a fulcrum during the administration of a local anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? To ensure a safe comfortable injection To ensure proper aspiration without needle movement To provide more stability To clearly see a positive aspiration

To clearly see a positive aspiration

What is the main goal of aspirating on two planes? To determine if the bevel of the needle is abutting against a blood vessel providing a false negative aspiration on the first aspiration test To determine definite backward movement of the rubber stopper To determine if disengagement of the harpoon occurred To provide the clinician a second chance to see if a clear bubble enter the cartridge

To determine if the bevel of the needle is abutting against a blood vessel providing a false negative aspiration on the first aspiration test

When checking the armamentarium, why is it important to expel a few drops of the anesthetic agent? To decrease the amount of anesthetic that would be a minister to the patient To ensure the harpoon is fully engaged into the rubber stopper To ensure the rubber stopper is not sticky To ensure a free flow of anesthetic through the needle

To ensure a free flow of anesthetic through the needle

Which of the following would be an indication for use of a topical anesthetic? To minimize patient's gag reflex To numb patient's tongue so they will stop talking so much To achieve pulpal anesthesia To achieve anesthesia of the bone

To minimize patient's gag reflex

Why should the clinician avoid administering local anesthetics to both the mandibular right and left quadrants during a single treatment? All options listed To prevent patients from self mutilating their mouth's To prevent the inability of the patient to control his/her mandible To prevent toxicity due to the administration of too much local anesthetic

To prevent the inability of the patient to control his/her mandible

Because of the cost of the "needleless" injection, what is an alternative cost-effective anesthetic that will produce results similar to those of the needleless injection? Computer-controlled anesthetic Topical anesthetic Articaine All options listed

Topical anesthetic

Because of the cost of the "needleless" injection, what is an alternative cost-effective anesthetic that will produce results similar to those of the needleless injection? Topical anesthetic Computer-controlled anesthetic All options listed Articaine

Topical anesthetic

What is optional when preparing to give an intraoral injection? Personal protective equipment Anesthetic syringe, cartridge, and needle Topical antiseptic Hemostat

Topical antiseptic

Name the four anesthetic administration techniques.

Topical, infiltration injection, field block, and nerve block

1.Name the four anesthetic administration techniques.

Topical. infiltration injection. field block. nerve block

Which drug is most likely to exhibit a drug interaction with epinephrine? Sulfonamides B. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor's Acetaminophen Tricyclics anti-depressant

Tricyclic antidepressants

Although topical anesthetics are generally regarded as safe, if used improperly they can produce adverse reactions that are fatal. True False

True

Concentrations available in over-the-counter products can be as high as those administered professionally in the dental office. True False

True

Field blocks are injections in which the local anesthetic is deposited near large terminal nerve branches. True false

True

Field blocks injections in which the local anesthetic is deposited near large terminal nerve branches. True false

True

If the blood of a positive aspiration does not completely fill the cartridge, the clinician can slightly reposition the needle and attempt a second aspiration. True false

True

If the harpoon disengages during an aspiration, the clinician must remove the needle from the tissue and re-embed the harpoon into the rubber stopper. True false

True

Informed consent is when the patient gives the clinician permission to perform the dental procedure. True false

True

Lidocaine is metabolized in the liver and excreted via the kidneys with less than 10% remaining unchanged. True False

True

Lidocaine is metabolized in the liver and excreted via the kidneys with less than 10% remaining unchanged. True False

True

Local anesthetics containing a vasoconstrictor are an absolute contraindication for a patient who reports being allergic to wine and dried fruits. True false

True

Nerve block anesthesia provides profound anesthesia over a larger area with fewer injections needed. True false

True

Tetracaine hydrochloride has a rather slow onset of action; however, it can last approximately 45 minutes. True False

True

The self-sheathing anesthetic needle is an engineering design that reduces the clinician's exposures to blood and other potentially infectious material. True false

True

The use of amide local anesthetic agents, not prilocaine or topical benzocaine, is recommended for a patient with methemoglobinemia. True false

True

Usual doses of amide local anesthetic do not pose any additional risk for patients with renal dysfunction. True false

True

Vasoconstrictors are an absolute contraindication for a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. True false

True

Vasoconstrictors can increase a patient's blood pressure. True false

True

When a patient is taking a tricyclic antidepressant and is also given levonordefrin, blood pressure enhancement is fivefold greater than with levonordefrin alone. True false

True

What is the minimum number of times a clinician should aspirate before administering the anesthetic solution? Once Twice Zero, only during nerve blocks Four

Twice

Each of the following is true regarding establishing a fulcrum while administering local anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Use of the patient's arm to rest the syringe holding arm is acceptable A fulcrum must always be used If finger placement is not possible, arm to body support is acceptable Extra or fulcrums are acceptable

Use of the patient's arm to rest the syringe-holding arm is acceptable

Thumb ring

Used to advance or retract the piston

All are ways that increase the risk of needle breakage EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Using a 25-gauge needle Inserting into the hub Bending the needle Sudden directional changes

Using a 25-gauge needle

All are acceptable ways to recap a needle EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? The use of recapping devices Single-handed scoop method Using cotton pliers to recap the needle Using fingers to recap the needle when the needle has not entered the patient's mouth

Using fingers to recap the needle when the needle has not entered the patient's mouth

Finger grip

Utilized to give clinician added support of the syringe

Which of the following is the appropriate action with a patient who has a true sulfite allergy? Vasoconstrictors should not be administer to the patient Amide Anesthetics should not be administered to this patient Ester anesthetics should not be a minister to the patient Vasoconstrictor should be only administered at reduced dosage

Vasoconstrictors should not be administered to this patient.

What is the most common medical emergency observed in the dental office? Cardiac arrest Vasodepressor syncope Seizures Respiratory failure

Vasodepressor syncope

After arriving at the deposition site, you decide to redirect your needle to achieve effective anesthesia. Which of the following is an appropriate action? Withdraw the needle completely, change the direction of the needle, penetrate, and readvance to the target location. Withdraw the needle completely, change the direction of the needle, penetrate, and readvance to the target location. Withdraw the needle one half the distance to the penetration depth, redirect the needle, and readvance to the target location. Aspirate and slowly shift the direction of the needle in the tissue from the current location to the desired target location.

Withdraw the needle completely, change the direction of the needle, penetrate, and re-advance to the target location.

When do most reactions or dental emergencies associated with the administration of local anesthetics happen? Before the procedure When the patient gets home Within 5 minutes of the procedure Within 1 hour of the procedure

Within 5 minutes of the procedure

What is an advantage of using the pressure-type syringe over the conventional type of syringe? It is more successful than block anesthetic. It achieves negative pressure for an aspiration without a harpoon. It administers a 0.2-mL dosage of anesthetic. It utilizes a lightweight wand designed for ergonomic control.

c. It administers a 0.2-mL dosage of anesthetic.

The syringe designed to deliver a "virtually painless" injection of local anesthesia is the computer-controlled anesthetic delivery device (CCLAD). jet injector syringe. pressure syringe. breach-loading plastic cartridge-type syringe.

computer-controlled anesthetic delivery device (CCLAD).

Generally speaking, the administration of a local anesthetic will _____blood pressure. Sporadically fluctuate Drop Elevate No effect

elevate

The__________ is a sharp tip attached to the internal end of the piston that embeds into the cartridge's rubber stopper. harpoon barrel finger grip needle adaptor

harpoon

Routine maintenance of a reusable syringe includes__________ inspection and replacement of the finger ring lubrication of the piston inspection and replacement of a dull or bent harpoon All of the above

inspection and replacement of a dull or bent harpoon

A needle with a_______is recommended for its ability to provide less deflection, greater accuracy, less needle breakage, and a more accurate aspiration. long length (32 mm) short length (20 mm) smaller gauge (30) larger gauge (25)

larger gauge (25)

When breach-loading a cartridge into the syringe, the rubber stopper should load first load last load at the same time as the diaphragm end of the cartridge (horizontal load) extrude

load first

In most cases, patients with cardiovascular involvement Cannot receive in an amide anesthetic drug Cannot receive vasoconstrictors May receive in amide anesthetic drug, but only in limited doses May receive vasoconstrictors, but only in limited doses

may receive vasoconstrictors, but only in limited doses.

Pulling back on the thumb ring provides___________ and produces an aspiration. needle penetration positive pressure negative pressure needle retraction

negative pressure

A patient who presents for dental treatment with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism should receive The maximum recommended dose of vasoconstrictors The standard dosage of vasoconstrictors Only the smallest effective dose of vasoconstrictors, not to exceed 0.04 MG per appointment

no vasoconstrictors until the hyperthyroidism is under control.

When the vasoconstrictor is absolutely contraindicated, the dental hygienist should No, under any circumstances, administer vasoconstrictors Administer vasoconstrictors with great caution, mindful of the increased risk of an adverse reaction Administer vasoconstrictors only after the patient signs and informed consent Administer vasoconstrictors At full dosage

not, under any circumstance, administer vasoconstrictors.

A syringe is primarily used for PDL injections of single mandibular teeth where tissue resistance is pronounced. pressure jet injector disposable

pressure

Allergic reactions to topical anesthetic are very common somewhat common rare unheard of

rare

If the harpoon disengages during an aspiration, the clinician should_________ continue delivery of the anesthetic, making certain to engage the next carpule, should one be needed. attempt to reengage the harpoon, stabilizing the syringe at the deposition site in the patient's mouth. remove the syringe from the patient's mouth, remove the needle, and reengage the harpoon into the rubber stopper. remove the syringe, remove the needle, and dispose of the anesthetic cartridge. Insert a new carpule of anesthetic and new needle and reengage the harpoon.

remove the syringe from the patient's mouth, remove the needle, and reengage the harpoon into the rubber stopper.

The pulse rate of a school-aged child is _________than that of an adult. Slightly faster Much faster Slightly slower Much slower

slightly faster

Mild allergic reactions to topical anesthetic can include ______,_____,and_______ hematoma, cyanosis, nausea swelling, raised welts, itching slurred speech, drowsiness, difficulty breathing seizures, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest

swelling, raised welts, itching