All of the Study sets together. Chapter 7 - Stress Prone and Stress-Resistant Personality Traits" and 19 others

SURVIVAL SKILLS

A term associated with codependency in which certain behaviors are adopted in adolescence to '"survive" demanding, alchoholic, or abusive parents.

REACTIONARIES

A term associated with the codependent personality illustrating a behavior of reacting, rather than responding, to stress.

Hardy Personality

A term coined by Maddi and Kobasa; personality characteristics that, in combination, seem to buffer against stress; control, commitment, and challenge

Enablers

A term coined in the alcohol recovery movement, referring to a person who enables a spouse, parent or child to continue either a substance or process addiction

ENABLERS

A term coined in the alcohol recovery movemtent, referring to a person who enables a spouse, parent, or child to continue either a substance or process addiction.

Illusion of Control

A term used in association with codependent behavior, thinking that one can control (manipulate) things/others that one really cannot

POLYPHASIA

A trait of thinking of doing many activities at once, also known as multitasking. This is also a trait of the Type A personality.

Polyphasia

A trait of thinking or doing many activities at once, also known as multitasking; This is also a trait of Type A personality

Sensation Traits

AKA Type R personality, these courageous people confront stress by calculating their risk in extreme situations and then proceeding with gusto

Multitasking

Acting on many responsibilities at one time (driving and talking on a cell phone) to save time, yet potentially compromising the integrity of both outcomes

Survivor Personality

people who have kept their cool in the face of danger, responds to danger instead of reacting

Free Floating hositility

permanently indwelling anger that erupts at trivial occurrences like traffic

Helpless-Hopeless Personality

poor self-motivation, cognitive distortion, emotional dysfunction

SELF-SACRIFICING MARTYRS

put everyone else first before their own needs to the point of sacrificing their own time, values, properties, life goals

Type D: Depression

relationship between emotional stress and cardiac function

Psychology

study of mental processes that influence human behavior

focusing

the ability to recognize the body signals of oncoming stress (e.g., muscle tension, increased breathing, sweating)

Reconstruction

the reinterpretation (from negative to neutral or positive) of a stressor (also known as reframing)

reconstruction

the reinterpretation (from negative to neutral or positive) of a stressor (also known as reframing)

Personality

a conglomeration of behaviors, expressions, moods and feelings that are perceived by others

PERFECTIONISTS

well organized and are in the habit of going beyond a quality job every time. (get caught up in details - overdo it- stress when not perfect)

ARDENT APPROVAL SEEKERS

Codependent people who know how to say, wear and do the right things

Survivor Personality

The traits that compromise a unique winning attitude to overcome adversity and challenges, no matter what the odds may be , so that one comes out the victor, not the victim

time urgency

a characteristic or behavior of someone who displays Type A personality, someone who is constantly time conscious

EXTERNAL REFERENCING

individual gains feelings of importance from external sources - try to live up to other peoples expectations

LACK OF EMOTIONAL BOUNDARIES

individual takes on other people's emotional feelings - sadness, happiness, fear or whatever people around them are feeling or thinking - Codependents don't know where their feelings end and where feelings of others begin.

SUPER-OVERACHIEVERS

involved in many activities and obligations

Social behaviors that promote development of Type A personality

material wealth, immediate gratification, competitiveness, people as numbers, secularization, atrophy of body and right brain, television watching

Codependent Personality

dependent on making other people dependent on them as means of self-validation

helpless-hopeless personality

describes a person who has given up on life, or aspects of it, as a result of repeated failure

CRISIS MANAGERS

Codependents thrive on crisis - constantly try to make order out of chaos (successful at it) Rush to take control in time of crisis - show can be counted on to be there and take charge

MARTYR SYNDROME

Codependents will help anyone mostly family and they help with everything - say yes because don't know how to say no. Afraid saying no will mean permanent rejections.

reactionaries

a term associated with the codependent personality illustrating a behavior of reacting, rather than responding, to stress

Hardy personality

a term coined by Maddi and Kobasa; personality characteristics that, in combination, seem to buffer against stress: control, commitment, and challenge

Sensation Seekers Traits

adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition (bored)

Sensation Seekers (Type R for Risk Taker)

dominated by adventurous spirit

Learned Helplessness

encounter repeated bouts of failure, give up on self when they have control

personality traits

thoughts and behaviors that combine to form or color one's personality; in this case, cognitive traits associated with survival

Locus of Control

A sense of who or what is in control of one's life; people with an internal locus of control take responsibility for their actions

Codependency

A stress-prone personality with many traits and behaviors that seem to increase the likelihood of perceived stress and the inability to cope effectively with it; addictive in nature; based on the need to make others dependent to receive self-validation

Biphasic

Survivor personality traits; the ability to use both right-brain and left-brain thinking processes to successfully deal with a problem or stressors

TYPE D PERSONALITY (depression) (psychocardiology) (behavioral cardiology) [the relationship between emotional stress, anxiety, depression and cardiac function]

"Distressed" Negative and depressed - low self esteem

CODEPENDENCY

A stress-prone personality with many traits and behaviors that seem to increase the likelihood of perceived stress and the inability to cope effectively with it; addictive in nature; based on the need to make others dependent to receive self-validation.

Survival Skills

A term associated with codependency in which certain behaviors are adopted in adolescence to "survive" demanding, alcoholic, or abusive parents

ILLUSION OF CONTROL

A term used in association with codependent behavior, thinking that one can control (manipulate) things/others that one really cannot.

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION FOR TYPE A BEHAVIOR

500 post heart attack patients (Type A) placed in education/behavior modification program - 29 counseling sessions for a 3 year period. Those who participated, showed a 44% decrease in Type A behaviors (questionnairs/interviews). Reduced the incidence of recurring heart attacks. This has led to many intervention programs etc. This study also proved that although the totality of personality wont change, components of it can.

Time Urgency

A characteristic or behavior of someone who displays Type A personality, someone who is constantly time conscious

TIME URGENCY

A characteristic or behavior of someone who displays Type A personality, someone who is constantly time conscious.

MULTITASKING

Acting on many responsibilities at one time (driving and talking on a cell phone) to save time, yet potentially compromising the integrity of both outcomes.

Reacrionaries

Codependent personality illustrating a behavior of reacting rather than responding to stress

LACK OF SPIRITUAL HEALTH

Codependents adopt a mode of dishonest behavior (lying) to survive. Starts as white lies to appease people - then lie to themselves hiding in own feelings. Lying to selves is always destructive to the self, and to others; Mental emotional, physical imbalances spill over into spiritual imbalance as well.

IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

Codependents are always trying to be good people, they believe they can control the perceptions of others by their good deeds. Main goal in life is to try to figure out what others want then deliver to them. Develop amazing ability to learn about the likes and dislikes of other people. Truly believe they can become what others want (be safe and accepted).

DEVOTED LOYALISTS

Codependents are extremely loyal to friends and family despite their addictions and abusive behavior - may be shown for fear of rejection and abandonment

FEELINGS OF INADEQUACY

Codependents have a black cloud of inferiority over their heads despite they are overachievers. Feel the quality and quantity of work done are never to their satisfaction - more is always expected of them - being dependent on others for approval, forfeit self-reliance.

MANIPULATORS

Codependents manipulate others through acts of generosity and "favors". Feel the ability to express their own emotions and control their own lives is nowhere as easy as doing these for other people. (Illusion of control is adopted)

MISTRUST OF ONES OWN PERCEPTIONS

Codependents tend to ignore their own perceptions of situations unless or until they are verified externally by others. Might have a clear impression of a person or a situation but often dismiss it as being crazy or mistaken. Don't trust their own intuition.

HOSTILITY: LETHAL TRAIT OF TYPE A'S

Coronary heart disease CHD - strong correlation between hostility and the development of CHD. Study shows that hostility was correlated with coronary blockage. Also increase of risk of heart disease.

Helpless-hopeless personality

Describes a person who has given up on life, or aspects of it, as a result of repeated failure

HELPLESSS-HOPELESS PERSONALITY

Describes a person who has given up on life, or aspects of it, as a result of repeated failure.

Compensation

The ability to cultivate and utilize one's strengths in times of need, rather than claim victimization

Focusing

The ability to recognize the body signals of oncoming stress( e.g., muscle tension, increased breathing, sweating)

Process Addiction

The addiction to a behavioral process such as shopping, intercourse, gambling, television watching, cutting, and codependent behaviors

PROCESS ADDICTION

The addiction to a behavioral process such as shopping, intercourse, gambling, television watching, cutting, and codependent behaviors.

Substance Addiction

The addiction to a host of substances, from nicotine and caffeine to alcohol and various drugs

Self-esteem

The sense of underpinning self-values, self-acceptance, and self-love; thought to be a powerful buffer against perceived threats.

TYPE A PERSONALITY (aggression)

This personality, once associated with time urgency, is now asscoiated with unresolved anger issues.

Type A Personality

This personality, once associated with time urgency, is now associated with unresolved anger issues

Personality traits

Thoughts and behaviors that combine to form or color one's personality; in this case, cognitive traits associated with survival

MANIPULATIVE CONTROL

Trait symbolic of a person who s very ego driven - results from a desire to influence, and even intimidate, co-workers, family, and acquaintances. Control is achieved through either direct intimidation or circuitously in a passive-aggressive way. (Type A's assert control when feel threatened)

SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON TYPE A BEHAVIOR

Type A behavior is a product of broader social and cultural factors including the corporate culture, which breeds employee burnout through long hours, 24/7 accessability, multitasking, and guilt associated with taking vacation time. Type A are rewarded in our society: MATERIAL WEALTH, IMMEDIATE GRADIFICATION, COMPETITIVENESS, PEOPLE AS NUMBERS, SECULARIZATION, ATROPHY OF THE BODY AND RIGHT BRAIN, TELEVISION WATCHING.

RAPID SPEECH PATTERNS

Type A people are found to raise their voices in normal conversations, use explosive words to influence, control or intimidate others - finish sentences for others that are taking too much time etc.

HYPERAGGRESSIVENESS & FREE FLOATING HOSTILITY

Type A's have a need to dominate other people. Don't strive for high goals, but walk all over people to get to top - showing little or no compassion. Very aggressive and may even come across abrasive. Type A's are also noted to have FREE FLOATING HOSTILITY which is permanently indwelling anger that erupts a trivial occurrences like traffic lights, long lines etc. Have the inability to express anger normally - many cases, suppress anger then later explode. HOSTILITY is also observed to be unfocused, free floating, and unresolved. Type A's display annoyance that would rarely seem noticeable to Type B's.

Six classifications of personalities (HHASS C)

Type A, Codependent Helpless-hopeless, hardy, survivor, sensation seeker

Stress Prone Personalities

Type A, Codependent, Helpless-hopeless

locus of control

a sense of who or what is in control of one's life; people with an internal locus of control take responsibility for their actions; those with an external locus of control place responsibility on external factors like luck or the weather; the latter is associated with the helpless-hopeless personality, a stress-prone personality

codependency

a stress-prone personality with many traits and behaviors that seem to increase the likelihood of perceived stress and the inability to cope effectively with it; addictive in nature; based on the need to make others dependent to receive self-validation

survival skills

a term associated with codependency in which certain behaviors are adopted in adolescence to "survive" demanding, alcoholic, or abusive parents

enablers

a term coined in the alcohol recovery movement, referring to a person who enables a spouse, parent, or child to continue either a substance or process addiction

illusion of control

a term used in association with codependent behavior, thinking that one can control (manipulate) things/others that one really cannot

Polyphasia

a trait of thinking or doing many activities at once, also known as multitasking. This is also a trait of the Type A personality

Survivor Personality Traits

acceptance of situation, optimism, creative problem solving, combines left and right brain, mental flexibility

multitasking

acting on many responsibilities at one time (driving and talking on a cell phone) to save time, yet potentially compromising the integrity of both outcomes

process addiction

addiction to a behavioral process such as shopping, intercourse, gambling, television watching, cutting, and codependent behaviors

substance addiction

addiction to a host of substances, from nicotine and caffeine to alcohol and various drugs

sensation seeker

also known as Type R personality, these courageous people confront stress by calculating their risks in extreme situations and then proceeding with gusto

Traits of codependent perosnality

approval seekers, perfectionists, super-overachievers, crisis managers, devoted loyalists, sacrificing martyrs, manipulators, victims, feelings of inadequacy, overreact, cancer prone

Hardy Personality

commitment, control, challenges are seen as growing oppurtunities

Four elements to ensure high self-esteem

connectedness, uniqueness, power models

Seven pillars of self-esteem

focus on action, practice of living consciously, self acceptance, self-responsibility, self-assertiveness, living purposefully, personal integrity

Skills of Hardy Personality

focusing (body signals of stress), reconstruction (reinterpretation of stressors), compensation

Precursors to development of codependent personality

having alcoholic parents or guardians, having divorced parents, emotionally repressive parents, product of american social mores

Four ways personality is affected

heredity, family dynamics, social influences, wealth of personal experiences

How self esteem relates to stress

how people respond to stress, low esteem is common in stress-prone personalities, high esteem is stress-resistant personalities

Type A personality

once associated with time urgency, but now associated with unresolved anger issues

VICTIMS

repeated acts of martyrdom - perceive that they never receive enough gratitude or credit for self-sacrifice - find impossible to say no - feel taken advantage of.

Type A

rushed or hurried lifestyle, heart disease, time urgency, polyphasia (multi-tasking), ultra-competitiveness, rapid speech patterns, manipulative control, hyper-aggressive, low self esteem, anger

Self esteem

self love, value, and respect

biphasic

survivor personality traits; the ability to use both right-brain and left-brain thinking processes to successfully deal with a problem or stressors

compensation

the ability to cultivate and utilize one's strengths in times of need, rather than claim victimization

survivor personality

the traits that comprise a unique winning attitude to overcome adversity and challenges, no matter what the odds may be, so that one comes out the victor, not the victim