All the EMT questions Exam 1
obstructive
A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?
diamond carry
A patient on a backboard or stretcher can be lifted and carried by four providers in a
nonrebreather mask (NBR)
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
location and intensity
In general, which of the following does a prefix describe?
lips or oral mucosa
In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:
posterior
In relation to the chest, the back is:
shock
Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________.
LOC and skin color
Indicators of respiration
true
Infants younger than 6 months are particularly prone to nasal congestion.
diastolic
Pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest is called what blood pressure
trade name
Tylenol is an example of what?
Prevention
Public health examines the health needs of entire populations. In the United States, public health focuses on education and what else?
cardiogenic shock
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:
base station
Radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that are located in a fixed place is known as what?
False - PREVENTION
The focus of public health arm of health care is EDUCATION
25
The head accounts for ___% of a neonate's body weight.
19-25
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
primary service area
The main area in which the EMS agency operates
FALSE - health care
The manner in which principles of ethics are incorporated into PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT is known as bioethics.
peri- and circum-
The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes?
cover
The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection that law enforcement agents use is called what?
the removal of fluid from around the heart.
The term "pericardiocentesis" means:
true
The younger the person, the faster the pulse rate and respirations.
draw sheet method
To avoid the strain of unnecessary lifting and carrying, which of the following should you use when moving a patient from the ground onto a stretcher?
distributive
What kind of shock occurs when widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.
300 mm Hg
When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:
become smaller
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
increased weight
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?
rapid extrication technique
Which of the following is an example of an urgent move?
Cervical spine immobilization
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
refusal of care
Which of the following is included in the narrative section in a PCR?
long backboard
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury?
decompression of the injured side of the chest
Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax?
Certification
Which of the following is the process in which a person, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care?
-al and -ic
Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"?
spleen
Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?
Department of Transportation
Which organization developed and published the first curriculum that served as the guideline for EMT training?
compensated shock
Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________.
sympathetic
Your patient's initial pulse rate was 89 beats/min and now it is 116 beats/min. What part of the nervous system is responsible for this increase?
self esteem
________ describes how we feel about ourselves and how we fit in with our peers.
Stridor
________ is a harsh, high-pitched breath sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway.
distributive
________ shock results from poor vessel function.
Tidal volume
__________ is a measure of the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs in one breathe
Respiration
__________ is the process of gas exchange
OPQRST
__________ is used for asking questions about pain.
hypovolumic
__________ shock is characterized by rapid, weak pulse; low blood pressure; a change in mental status; cyanosis; cool, clammy skin; and an increased respiratory rate.
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
___________ are an irregular respiratory pattern in which the patient breathes with an increasing rate and depth of respirations, followed by a period of apnea, followed again by a pattern of increasing rate and depth of respiration.
Mobile integrated healthcare
an integrated team of health care professionals delivers health care services and connects patients with other resources
credentialing
is an established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession, or to function as an organization.
licensure
is the process by which a competent authority, usually the state, grants permission to practice a job, trade, or profession.
hypothermia
potentially severe complication of neurogenic shock
mouth-to-mask with one-way valve
preferred method of ventilation
community paramedicine
providers receive advances training including health evaluations and administering immunizations
NREMT
provides a national standard for EMS testing
backboard
the patient is unconscious and must be moved down a flight of stairs
indication
the therapeutic uses for a specific medication. In this case, the Xanax is being used to treat anxiety.
IV
The fastest route of administration is ________.
1:3
!nhalation and exhalation times occur in a _____ ratio; the active inhalation phase lasts one-third the amount of time of the passive exhalation phase.
cartilage
"Chondro" in the word chondritis means
90-140
A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:
95%
Oxygen delivered through a nonrebreathing mask with reservoir is up to
excessively thirtsy
A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she is:
stridor
A high pitched crowing sound in the upper airway may indicate a mild airway obstruction from a foreign body.
carbon monoxide poisoning
A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?
impedance threshold device (ITD)
A(n) ________ is designed to limit the air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, resulting in negative intrathoracic pressure.
True
ASL-level instructors and directors must hold a four-year degree
Adsoption
Activated charcoal works via ________.
enteral
Administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines (i.e., the gastrointestinal tract). Methods of administration include oral, sublingual (dissolving the drug under the tongue), and rectal.
report the incident after the call
After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should
dependent lividity
An obvious sign of death caused by discoloration of the body from pooling of the blood to the lower parts of the body is called what?
medical director approval
As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:
False - secondary
Development of airbags in vehicles is an example of PRIMARY prevention
mark off danger zone
At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:
EMT
At what level is an individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications.
history taking
At what point in the patient assessment process do you investigate the chief complaint?
gallbladder
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
inferior vena cava
Blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities passes through the
False - civil
CRIMINAL lawsuits for battery are common in health care
nervous
Changes in which of the following body systems can result in the most debilitating of age-related illnesses?
knowledge based error
Choosing the wrong medication to administer is a
assessment by the EMT
Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
slander
Defamation that is spoken
True
Dorsal and posterior are synonyms for spinal side of the body.
lower airway obstruction
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:
facilitation
Encouraging this patient to provide more information about his injury is an example of which therapeutic communication technique?
True
Evaluation and continuous quality improvement are factors in writing a PCR.
True
Evidence-based research is the primary means of determining if changes need to be made in patient care
alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion
General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases
when performing endotracheal intubation.
Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:
plasma
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:
true
Immunity laws, which vary from state to state, do not provide immunity when injury or damage is caused by gross negligence or willful misconduct.
two person
In a ________ carry, one provider must walk backward.
tachycardia
In an adult patient, a pulse rate that is greater than 100 beats/min is described as
provide consistent care
National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________.
parenteral
Non-oral drug administration. generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. The common routes are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV).
Duty to act
Once your ambulance is dispatched to an emergency, you have an obligation to respond. What is this called?
phone or radio contact
Online medical control requires __________.
100%
Oxygen delivered through a BVM with reservoir is nearly
55%
Oxygen delivered through a mouth-to-mask device is nearly
24-44%
Oxygen delivered through a nasal cannula is
Moro reflex
Reflex in which a newborn strectches out the arms and legs and cries when a neonate is caught off guard by something or someone
forceful coughing
Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:
common fire hazards
Smoke, oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, building collapse, equipment, high ambient temperature and explosion
sacrum
The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.
secondary assessment
The __________ should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.
orbit
The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
apex
The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.
Time management
The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called?
fontanelles
The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.
True
The elbow is distal to the shoulder and proximal to the wrist and hand.
primary assessment
The purpose of _________________ is to identify and begin to treat immediate life threats.
60-90 seconds
The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
normal
The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.
Quality control
The responsibility of the medical director to ensure the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMTs on each call is called what?
patient autonomy
The right of a patient to make decisions concerning his or her health is called what?
shrinkage of the brain
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:
Medical control
hen a patient refuses treatment or transport, you should contact
manually triggered ventilation
Ventilation device that should not be used on patients with COPD or suspected cervical spine or chest injuries
heart, blood vessels, blood
What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"?
tidal volume
What do you call the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath
weakness
What does asthenia mean?
Sitting/semi-sitting
What is generally the best position to place a patient with cardiogenic shock?
Encourage him to call 911
What is the best way to care for your patient once he tells you he does not want to go to the hospital?
cardiac output drops
What is the main problem with positive-pressure ventilation?
hemoptysis
What is the medical term for coughing up blood?
Patient Confidentiality
What is the primary feature of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
zygoma
What is the proper name for the cheekbone?
alges
What is the root word for pain?
intramuscular
What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?
employee assistance program (EAP)
What program, often available for EMS personnel, involves contracted agencies that provide a wide array of mental health, substance abuse, crisis management, and counseling services?
Voice-over-internet-protocol
What type of mode does an interoperable communications system use?
cardiovascular disease
When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:
False - fact based findings
When completing a PCR, you should include your OPINIONS about the mechanism of injury and which injuries are most severe.
LOC and ABCs
When conducting a primary assessment, which of the following should you assess?
with one or two hands
When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:
15-20 inches
When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Which of the following agencies is the source of the EMS Agenda for the Future, the multidisciplinary national review of all aspects of EMS delivery?
gastric distention and increased intrathoracic pressure
Which of the following are effects of hyperventilation?
automatic and somatic
Which of the following are the functional parts of the nervous system?
septic and neurogenic
Which of the following are types of distributive shock?
slow respirations
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?
Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation
Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?
abnormal spinal curvature
Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard?
State
Which of the following entities controls licensure of EMTs?
durable power of attorney
Which of the following gives surrogates the right to make decisions for patients regarding their health care in the event that the patient is incapacitated and unable to make such decisions?
cardiac tomponade
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?
AED
Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers?
Abandonment
While evaluating a noncritical patient in the field, you receive a call from dispatch regarding a serious four-car accident. You inform the patient you are treating to have someone take him to his doctor to get checked out before leaving to attend to the more seriously injured people. This is an example of what?
on her left side
You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her:
patient advocacy
You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________?
DOT emergency response guidebook
You are responding to an accident scene involving an overturned semi truck carrying diesel fuel. Which reference source will be most helpful in this case?
hypovolemic
You are treating a patient who has lost a significant amount of blood. Which type of shock is this patient most likely to experience?
Seal the mouth and nose
You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:
expressed consent
You arrive at the scene of a call to find an elderly man complaining of chest pain. You introduce yourself and ask permission to examine him. He nods and extends his arm. Which type of consent is this?
coronal
You arrive at the scene of an accident and observe the patient lying face-up on the ground. As you look at the front side of his body, which plane of the body are you observing?
Ask open-ended questions
You respond to a call and find a 30-year-old man with a gunshot wound to the shoulder. He is conscious and responsive, but a little hostile and agitated. As you begin to treat him, you need to ________.
bradycardia and diminished muscle tone
You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she has:
direct
You should use a ______ lift for patients with no suspected spinal injury who are lying supine and need to be carried some distance to be placed on a stretcher.
peripheral vasoconstriction
You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________.
pertinent negative
a negative finding that requires no further care or intervention. Next
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
cardiac output
amount of blood moved in 1 minute.
stroke volume
amount of blood moved in one beat.
Filtering
basic duty of the spleen
Carbon monoxide
blocks the ability to transport oxygen to body tissues.
Public safety access point
can be reached by dialing 911
superior vena cava
carries blood returning from the head, neck, shoulders, and upper extremities.
palpable pulse
created by pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.
Medical director
determines appropriate care in a set of written standing orders and protocols
Voluntary Protection Program
developed by OSHA to help companies actively mitigate risk and protect their employees.
red
he root word eryth/o denotes the color
standard of care
how a reasonably prudent person with similar training and experience would act under similar circumstances, with similar equipment, and in the same or similar place.
certification
is the process by which an individual, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to ensure safe and ethical patient care.
cumulative stress reactions
is/are a strong contributor to heart disease, hypertension, cancer, alcoholism, and depression.
decompensated shock
labored breathing, absent peripheral pulses, dilated pupils
informed consent
means that you explained the nature of the treatment being offered, along with the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment, as well as potential consequences of refusing treatment, and the patient has given consent.
capnography
measures a patient's ventilation, circulation, and metabolism.
adduction
motion of a limb toward the midline.
implied consent
occurs when a person is unconscious or otherwise incapable of making a rational, informed decision about care, and unable to give consent, and the law assumes that the patient would consent to care and transport to a medical facility if he or she were able to do so.
involuntary conesnt
occurs when an adult patient who is mentally incompetent is not able to give informed consent. Consent for emergency care should be obtained from someone who is legally responsible for the patient, such as a guardian or conservator.
cardiogenic
signs of _________ shock, including chest pain; anxiety; cool, clammy skin; crackles; and low blood pressure.
rooting reflex
takes place when something touches a neonate's cheek.
blood pressure
the last measureable factor to change in shock
expressed consent
type of consent given when the patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he or she wants you to provide care or transport.
False Imprisonment
unauthorized confinement of a person that lasts for an appreciable period of time.
therapeutic communication
verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship.