ALS Distance Volume 3 (Test 1)

Substance misuse falls into three categories as outlined in AFI 44-121:

the use of any illicit drug, the misuse of any prescribed medication, or the abuse of alcohol.

Suicide Prevention:

A community-based approach that includes family, friends, and many different professional and social service providers that are committed to reducing suicide by creating a safety net that provides protection. They also add support for those in trouble by addressing the entire iceberg of afflictions to individuals, families, and their communities.

Joint Ethics Directive, DODD 5500.7-r, Joint Ethics Regulation

A directive that describes and discusses ethics and values. It describes ethics as standards by which one should act based on values. It also deals with core beliefs, like, duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitude and actions

Joint Ethics Directive, DODD 5500.7, Standards of Conduct

A directive that establishes guidance for Standards and Conduct that applies to all US government employees

Prejudice

A judgment against or an opinion contrary to anything without just grounds or sufficient knowledge

Prejudice

A judgment against or an opinion contrary to anything without just grounds or sufficient knowledge.

United States Air Force Core Values

AFI 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure states that the core values are the framework within which military activities take place and are the basis for Air Force policies, guidance, and focus. Recognizing the United States Air Force (USAF) Core Values helps leaders to get a fix on the ethical climate of an organization or work center.11 Acceptance of the USAF Air Force Core Values (Integrity first, Service before self, and Excellence in all we do) is a commitment each Airman makes when joining the Air Force. These core values provide a strong foundation for ethical conduct, decision making, and the success of Air Force personnel. The Air Force recognizes these core values as universal and unchanging in the profession of arms. Airmen must internalize the USAF Core Values in order to be prepared when they encounter an issue that requires an ethical decision.

Customs and Courtesies

AFI 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure, charges us to possess a thorough understanding of Air Force customs, courtesies, drill, ceremonies, and Air Force protocol procedures. Military traditions include customs and courtesies, as well as drill and ceremonies. It is often difficult to separate customs from courtesies. Although defined separately, most courtesies are also customs. They have developed over time and have become traditional. Customs include the things you should or should not do. While customs develop over time, they also change.

Methods for Identifying Substance Abusers

According to AFI 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure, NCOs must take an active role in the development (mentoring) of their subordinates. They must correct marginal or substandard behavior or duty performance. The Air Force has directed in AFPD 36-27 to "ensure personnel do not abuse alcohol or drugs.

The Oath of Enlistment

Air Force Doctrine Document 1-1(AFDD1-1), Leadership and Force Development, defines an Airman as, "any US Air Force member (officer or enlisted; active, reserve, or guard; and Department of the Air Force civilians) who supports and defends the US Constitution and serves our country."1 To be an enlisted Airman, one must first accept the Oath of Enlistment

Basic Support Sources

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Treatment Program (ADAPT) American Red Cross Chaplain Services Employee Assistance Program Family Advocacy Family Member Programs Life Skills Support Center (LSSC) Airman & Family Readiness Center Health & Wellness CenterMental Health Clinic Military Equal Opportunity Sexual Assault Response Coordinator Victim Witness Assistance Program Wingman Support Coordinator Organization Consulting Special Needs Identification and Assignment Coordination (SNIAC)- Air Force Survivor Assistance Program Base Safety Office Base Legal Office

The Role of Alcohol and Drugs

Alcohol is most commonly used by perpetrators in a sexual assault. Perpetrators use alcohol to render potential victims more vulnerable or to incapacitate them. However, an incapacitated individual CANNOT give consent to sexual contact —the person is mentally impaired by the alcohol and therefore not able to make a knowing and voluntary decision, or is unconscious or asleep.

Complaint

An allegation of unlawful discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, or sex. a. Formal Complaint—Allegation of unlawful discrimination or sexual harassment that is submitted in writing on AF Form 1587 to the authority designated for receipt of such complaints. b. Informal Complaint—Allegation of unlawful discrimination or sexual harassment, made either orally or in writing on an AF Form 1587-1, that is not submitted as a formal complaint

Individual Approaches

An individual can take personal responsibility for reducing his or her stress level. Individual strategies that have proven effective include implementing time management techniques, increasing physical exercise, relaxation training, and expanding the social support network.

Feeling Keyed up (Also Called Hyperarousal)

An individual may be jittery, or always alert and on the lookout for danger. This is known as hyperarousal. It can cause an individual to: • Suddenly become angry or irritable. • Have a hard time sleeping. • Have trouble concentrating. • Fear for their safety and always on guard. • Be very startled when something surprises them

Feeling Numb

An individual may find it hard to express feelings. This is another way to avoid memories. • They may not have positive or loving feelings toward other people and may stay away from relationships. • They may not be interested in activities you used to enjoy • They may not be able to remember parts of the traumatic event or not be able to talk about them

Reliving the Event (Also Called Re-experiencing Symptoms

An individual may have bad memories of the event at any time. They may feel the same horror or fear felt when the event first occurred. It may involve nightmares, feeling as if you are repeating the event again (flashback), or something may trigger the event. Some triggers include: • Hearing a backfire bringing back memories of gunfire • Seeing a car accident reminding them of a crash survivor or their own accident • Seeing a news report of sexual assault bringing back memories of assault for a woman who was raped.

Avoiding Situations That Remind You of the Event

An individual may try to avoid situations or people that trigger memories of the traumatic event. They even avoid talking or thinking about the event. For example: • A person who was in an earthquake may avoid watching television shows or movies in which there are earthquakes. • A person who was robbed at gunpoint while ordering a hamburger drive-in may avoid fast-food restaurants. • Some people may keep very busy or avoid seeking help. This keeps them from having to think or talk about the event.

Emotional Health

Another important part of personal wellness is emotional health. AFI 36-2618, the Enlisted Force Structure, requires that each NCO, "Be mentally ready to accomplish the mission." Life offers many challenges and circumstances that affect one's ability to effectively manage thoughts and feelings. Relationship and financial problems, family crisis, grief and loss, experiencing failure, illness, or injury, difficulty adjusting to a new life changes, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), career problems, and low self-esteem are some of the many issues we face every day that disrupt our lives and threaten our emotional stability.

Racism

Any attitude or action or a person or institutional structure that subordinates a person of group because of race

Drug:

Any controlled substance included in schedules I, II, III, IV, and V in Title 21, United States Code, Section 812, including anabolic or androgenic steroids, or any intoxicating substance, other than alcohol, that is inhaled, injected, consumed, or introduced into the body in any manner to alter mood or function.

Drug paraphernalia:

Any equipment, product, or material that is used, intended to be used, or designed to be used in planting, propagating, cultivating, manufacturing, growing, harvesting, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, or introducing a controlled substance into a human body by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or otherwise.

Marijuana:

Any intoxicating product of plant (including hashish), or any cannabis synthetic.

Narcotics:

Any opiates or cocaine to include any compound containing cocaine or its synthetic equivalents, derivatives, or products (heroin, methadone, morphine, crack, coca de mate, Health Inca Tea, etc.

Depressant or Stimulant Substance:

Any substance which contains any quantity of a substance that is habit-forming or has a potential for abuse because of its stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect as determined by the Attorney General of the United States (amphetamines, barbiturates, LSD, mescaline, STP, PCP, inhalants, etc.).

Alcohol Abuse:

Any substandard behavior or performance in which the consumption of alcohol is a primary contributing factor. This definition should not be confused with the diagnosis of Alcohol Abuse as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 5th Ed

Anabolic Steroid:

Any synthetic derivatives of testosterone that build muscle mass.

The Profession of Arms

As a guardian of the nation's freedom and justice, you accepted the Oath of Enlistment and the responsibility to support and defend the US Constitution. As an Airman and military service member, you also assumed the identity as a member in the Profession of Arms. Before reflecting on the answer you recorded earlier in reference to the Profession of Arms, perform the following activity

Impact of Identification

As a supervisor, you must be aware of negative effects that can occur after identifying substance abuse. Things such as individual isolation, stereotyping or labeling, gossiping, low self-esteem, and low self-confidence. These behaviors can have a negative effect on the both the individual and the unit. They can also lead to issues, such as abuse behaviors, family disturbances, and suicide.

Ethical Behavior

As important as it is to understand ethical principles, it is just as important to understand and model ethical behavior. Ethical leaders should behave in a way that aligns with their purpose, whether it be personal or organizational, they must conduct themselves with pride, and high self-esteem. Self-esteem is a mixture of personal pride and humility, which creates confidence when faced with certain ethical dilemmas

Methods for Dealing with Difficult People

Be aware of what is going on around you. For example, if you overhear loud, angry, or abusive remarks directed at a member of your team, distract the visitor by asking a question or saying hello. Then, if possible, escort the person to a more private location to continue the conversation in a calmer atmosphere. If you know you will be meeting with someone who may become upset or threatening, have your supervisor or a coworker sit in on the meeting or remain within earshot. Otherwise, notify others in the office area to get your supervisor or manager if they hear the person become—and remain—loud and angry. If a person becomes abusive or threatens, you while you are in your work area, especially a closed room, get up and walk to the door while you continue to talk with the individual. Tell the person you need to get some information and walk out of your office. If you sincerely feel you face imminent harm, fake illness or a forgotten errand and leave your work area, explaining why you're leaving and saying you'll be right back. Notify your supervisor or, if necessary, Security Forces via the "crime stop line" or "911" immediately.

Roles and Responsibilities of Leaders in the Intervention Process

Be familiar with the Substance Abuse Prevention Program Refer all service members for assessment when substance use is suspected to be a contributing factor in any incident, e.g., DUI, public intoxication, drunk and disorderly, spouse/child abuse and maltreatment, under-aged drinking, positive drug test, or when notified by medical personnel Direct drug testing within 24 hours of suspected alcohol related incidents of misconduct, episodes of aberrant or bizarre behavior, or where there is reasonable suspicion of drug use and the member refuses to provide consent for testing

What are the three general categories of stress symptoms?

Behavioral, physiological, psychological

Combat Stress

Combat Stress- Combat stress happens when there is a change in mental function or behavior during combat as a result of actual battle conditions or the potential for battle conditions. The changes can be positive by allowing an increase in confidence in both self and peers, or it can create symptoms of a combat/operational stress injury.

What is the difference between combat stress and operational stress?

Combat stress happens when there is a change in mental function or behavior during combat as a result of actual battle conditions or the potential for battle conditions. Operational stress occurs when there are changes in mental functioning or behavior during military operations other than war.

Commander Referrals

Commanders refer all members for an assessment when substance misuse use could be a contributing factor in any misconduct, e.g., driving under influence (DUI) driving while intoxicated (DWI), public intoxication, drunk and disorderly etc. Failure to make this referral places members in jeopardy for increased abuse problems and negative mission impact. Air Force Reserve and Air national Guard Commanders are encouraged to place any members suspected of having a substance use disorder on orders to receive the initial assessment and treatment recommendation from the ADAPT Program (evaluation only).

Direction, Discipline, and Recognition(DDR)

DDR is considered the foundation of P2. As Airmen, we must maintain a high degree of professionalism throughout our careers, particularly in early development. In basic military training, we were transformed from civilians to Airmen using copious amounts of direction and discipline. This methodology continued through technical training and beyond. For instance, direction helped us adjust to military life, learn our jobs, and mature as service men and women. Discipline curbs negative and inappropriate behaviors and sub-standard performance encouraging us to remain focused on our development as respectable service members. Over time, we become more knowledgeable, mature, and self-disciplined. Consistent trends in positive behavior and performance eventually result in various types of recognition to include awards, increased responsibilities, and promotions. Therefore, DDR is critical to our progression and self-development as professionals.

De-glamorization

De-glamorization of alcohol is another method supervisors can employ to minimize substance misuse's impact on the mission. Leaders can deglamorize alcohol by not exceeding alcohol consumption limits at unit functions and/or during off-duty celebrations with co-workers, bragging about weekend binges, not serving alcohol to minors, playing games that promote high alcohol consumption. (e.g. keg stands, beer pong, quarters, etc.) Supervisors should also ensure compliance with all applicable Air Force, DOD, and other governing instructions and directives.

(A) Perceived Alternatives:

Does the person perceive available alternatives to violence?

What is considered to be the backbone of military discipline?

Drill has been and will continue to be the backbone of military discipline.

What are some of the substandard behaviors/performances associated with alcohol abuse?

Driving while intoxicated, driving under the influence, domestic disturbance, aberrant behavior, altercations, or underage drinking

"Date-Rape" Drugs

Drug-facilitated rape occurs when a perpetrator uses a substance that incapacitates another individual so that the perpetrator can sexually assault him or her. This substance may leave victims with a gap of time in which they cannot remember anything or they remember only bits and pieces. The perpetrator might play the role of "hero" by appearing to help the victim once symptoms start taking effect. Someone under the influence of these drugs CANNOT give consent to sexual activity.

List at least five risk factors associated with combat/operational stress.

Duration or deployment of more than six months, repeat deployments without sufficient time to recover and reset, sleeping less than 6-8 hours per day on average, witnessing death up close, especially of other Airmen or civilian non-combatants, being responsible for the death or serious injury of a non-combatant or allied combatant, being physically injured, handling remains, especially other Airmen, history of other stress injuries, previous mental health problems, lack of mutual trust with other unit members, being impacted by family, relationship, or other home front stressors, being young and inexperienced, potential exposure to nuclear, biological, and chemical agents.

Substance abuse prevention is a collaborative effort shared among various agencies to include the mental health (ADAPT, drug demand reduction, and health promotions and includes:

Education: The focus changes depending on the member's status, two examples are: -- Military members arriving at their first permanent duty assignment receive a class on prevention, peer acceptance, role models, responsible behavior, healthy alternatives, and legal/ administrative consequences of substance abuse -- Military members in the grade of E5 through E9 and officers receive a class on unique elements of the command's substance abuse prevention and treatment program, local substance abuse threat, military and civilian resources, identifying substance abusers, the referral process, and supervisors' responsibility in the treatment/ process

What is Ethical Leadership?

Ethical leadership is defined as the demonstration of appropriate conduct through personal actions and relationships and the promotion of such conduct to subordinates through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making. Ethical leadership combines ethical decision-making and ethical behavior, and occurs in both an individual and an organization. A major responsibility of a leader is to make ethical decisions and behave in ethical ways, and to see that the organization understands and practices its ethical codes

Warrior Ethos Three keys

Hardiness of Spirit is the stout internal force that can be used to get through challenging times mentally or physically. Moral Courage is the power and determination to follow what one believes to be right, regardless of cost to one's self. Physical Courage is the observable actions one takes when faced with fear, pain, uncertainty, or danger. And Resiliency

Social Support

Having friends, family, or work colleagues to talk to provides an outlet when stress levels become excessive. Expanding your social support network, therefore, can be a means of tension reduction. It provides you with someone to hear your problems and provide a more objective perspective on the situation. Research also demonstrates that social support moderates the stress-burnout relationship.

Workplace Bullying

In simple terms, workplace bullying is abuse or misuse of power and is considered psychological violence. It includes actions, decisions, and behaviors such as unwarranted or invalid criticism or blame without factual justification, treating some members differently than others, and excluding certain members from events to isolate them socially. It also includes physical intimidation (proximal), shouting, swearing and taking actions that embarrass or humiliate the target . Workplace bullying shows up in the form of practical jokes, micro-management and/or purposely withholding vital information, setting impossible goals for subordinates, blocking potential training and or promotion, and even tampering with a target's belongings. Workplace bullying happens four times more often than illegal harassment yet over 60 percent of employers/supervisors ignore it. Unfortunately, bullying in general is not illegal in the U.S. unless it involves harassment based on race/color, creed (religion), national origin, sex, age (40+), and disability, HIV/AIDS, or Hepatitis C status.

Risk Factors:

Includes, but are not exclusively limited to, relationship difficulties, substance abuse, legal, financial, medical, mental health, and occupational problems, along with depression, social isolation, and previous suicide threats/gestures, which may increase the probability of self-harm.

Integrity First

Integrity is the ability to hold together and properly regulate all of the elements of a personality. A person of integrity, for example, is capable of acting on conviction, demonstrating impeccable self-control without acting rashly. Integrity encompasses nine characteristics indispensable to Airmen: Courage: A person of integrity possesses moral courage and does what is right even if the personal cost is high. Honesty: In the Service, one's word is binding. Honesty is the foundation of trust and the hallmark of the profession of arms. Responsibility: Airmen acknowledge their duties and take responsibility for their own successes or failures. A person with integrity accepts the consequences of actions taken, never accepting, or seeking undue credit for the accomplishments of others. Accountability: No Airman with integrity tries to shift the blame to others; "the buck stops here" says it best. Justice: Airmen treat all people fairly with equal respect, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, or religion. They always act with the certain knowledge that all people possess fundamental worth as human beings. Openness: As professionals, Airmen encourage a free flow of information within the organization and seek feedback from superiors, peers, and subordinates. They never shy from criticism, but actively seek constructive feedback. They value candor in their dealings with superiors as a mark of loyalty, even when offering dissenting opinions or bearing bad news. Self-Respect: Airmen respect themselves as professionals and as human beings. Airmen with integrity always behave in a manner that brings credit upon themselves, their organization, and the profession of arms. Humility: Airmen comprehend and are sobered by the awesome task of defending the Constitution of the United States of America. Honor All Airmen function in their Service with the highest traditions of honoring the Air Force's responsibilities to the nation and the sacrifices of its predecessors. It is incumbent on Airmen to uphold these traditions, adhering to what is right, noble, and magnanimous.

Social Health

It is no surprise that surrounding yourself with people who genuinely care about you can have a positive effect on your well-being. Having a social support network consisting of family, friends, and coworkers offers tremendous benefits for your health and wellness, especially when dealing with difficult situations.

Responsible Citizenship

It is the civic duty of every citizen, especially DoD employees (to include Airmen) to exercise discretion. Public servants are expected to engage personal judgment in the performance of official duties within the limits of their authority so that the will of the people is respected in accordance with democratic principles. Justice must be pursued and injustice must be challenged through accepted means.

Prevention

Leaders must promote an environment that encourages members to come forward and seek help. Whether it is a personal problem or a concern about a coworker, the right environment can go a long way to ensuring that timely intervention occurs. When leaders promote an environment where open communication and genuine concern for subordinates is the norm, substance misuse problems are less likely to occur.

POSTIVE USE OF DDR

Leads to high performance reduces lost time, costly mistakes etc, Increases commitment to the unit/mission

NOT ENOUGH DDR

Leads to poor performance, lost time, accidents, costly mistakes, etc, Reduces commitment to the unit/mission

Reveille and Retreat Procedures

Many Airmen do not get an opportunity to participate in flag ceremonies on a regular basis. If it has been some time since you last participated in a flag ceremony, you may want to review the procedure in AFMAN-36-2203, Drill and Ceremonies.

Time Management

Many people manage their time poorly. The things they have to accomplish in any given day or week are not necessarily beyond completion...if they manage their time properly. The well-organized individual can often accomplish twice as much as the person who is poorly organized. Therefore, an understanding and utilization of basic time management principles can help individuals better cope with job demands.

Medical Identification

Medical personnel must notify the member's unit commander Healthcare providers who suspect substance problems must refer the member to the ADAPT program for evaluation.

Self-Identification

Members who are not currently under investigation or pending action because of an alcohol-related incident are eligible to self-identify. Following the assessment, the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) program manager will consult with the treatment team and determine an appropriate clinical course of action. For drug abuse, members may voluntarily disclose evidence of personal drug use or possession to their leadership or a military medical professional. Commanders will grant limited protection for Air Force members who reveal this information with the intent of entering treatment.

Impact of Substance Misuse and Abuse

Mission and Readiness: Substance misuse and abuse adversely affects or impairs mood, coordination, judgment, safety, and it increases impulsive behavior. Members under the influence do not perform effectively in leadership roles, areas of substantial responsibility, and technical knowledge. Additionally, members are in a higher risk of Drunk Driving, a leading cause of death among 18-24 year olds - DUI is a serious breach of discipline. Also, there is a higher risk of suicide (53% of all suicides involve alcohol use) and there is increased risk of accidents, falls, burns and drowning. Morale: Members who abuse substances are in a higher risk of relationship problems, both personal and professional. Health and Wellness: Substance abuse causes increased risk of high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease, birth defects, addiction, gastritis (ulcers), diseases of the liver (fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis), pancreatitis, malnutrition and overall high mortality. In addition, substance abuse tends to lead to risky sexual behavior, which increases the risk of contracting a variety of sexually transmitted diseases.

Physiological Symptoms

Most of the early concerns with stress were directed at physiological symptoms. This was predominately because the topic was researched by specialists in the health and medical sciences. This research led to the conclusion that stress could create changes in metabolism, increase heart and breathing rates, increase blood pressure, bring on headaches, and induce heart attacks. The link between stress and particular physiological symptoms is not clear. There are few, if any, consistent relationships. This is attributed to the complexity of the symptoms and the difficulty of objectively measuring them.

Inaction__

Not taking action associated with workplace violence when warning signs are evident

Inaction:

Not taking action associated with workplace violence when warning signs are evident.

Pre-assignment Screening:

One of the best ways to prevent violence in the workplace is by not hiring a violence-prone individual in the first place. A good checkpoint is the screening process, which occurs whenever a member, contractor, or other personnel need to have special credentials for the performance of their duties. Examples include security clearance, unescorted entry and work with the Personnel Reliability Program. In these and other credentials situations the Defense Investigative Service screens all personnel. For members already on active duty, mental health and/or the aero medical squadron carefully screen any potentially disqualifying information.

Being a leader comes with duty and responsibility.

Part of that responsibility is to coach, and sometimes direct your subordinates to act with integrity; and to model that behavior yourselves. Set a climate in which all Air Force members are treated with respect. Watch for warning signs of a potential sexual assault and intervene early; especially where alcohol is present. Let the safety of your Airmen, the efficiency of your unit, and the integrity of the Air Force motivate you to take action.

Influence of Leaders' Attitudes on Substance Abuse

Perhaps the most important thing to remember as a leader is how much influence your attitude toward substance abuse can have on a unit. When you model behavior expected from members of the POA, it results in higher mission readiness, better morale and increased health and wellness. It also establishes an environment where members seek help for problems with alcohol without fear of negative consequences.

There are six aspects of excellence: personal, organizational, resource, operational, product/service and community.

Personal Excellence Airmen are to seek out and complete developmental education and training, maintain top physical, mental, and moral fitness, and continue to refresh their professional competencies. They must also maintain the job skills, knowledge, and personal readiness to maintain peak personal performance. Organizational Excellence This is achieved when all members work together to reach a common goal within an organizational climate that fosters a team concept while maintaining high standards and accomplishing the mission. Resource Excellence Airmen must protect and preserve both human and material resources when completing mission objectives. People, the most valuable resource of all, must: receive proper training, maintain total personal fitness, remain focused, be ready to accomplish their missions, and be provided the resources to do so. Operational Excellence Military professionals understand that all efforts in developing and employing air and space forces are intended to provide unmatched air and space power to secure the national interests of the United States. Airmen should prepare for joint and multinational operations by learning the doctrine, capabilities, and procedures of other US Services and allied forces. Product/Service Excellence We must focus on providing services and generating products that fully respond to customer wants and anticipate customer needs, and we must do so within the boundaries established by the taxpaying public. organization can work together to successfully reach a common goal in an atmosphere free of fear that preserves individual self-worth. Some of the factors influencing interpersonal excellence are: - Mutual Respect Genuine respect involves viewing another person as an individual of fundamental worth. Obviously, this means that a person is never judged based on his/her possession of an attribute that places him or her in some racial, ethnic, economic, or gender-based category. - Benefit of the Doubt Working hand in hand with mutual respect is that attitude which says that all coworkers are 'innocent until proven guilty'. Before rushing to judgment about a person or his/her behavior, it is important to have the whole story

This type of wellness requires one to focus on five specific components: Cardio-respiratory endurance, Muscular endurance, Muscular strength, Body composition, and Flexibility

Physical Health

Zero Tolerance Policy:

Places all employees on notice that threats, assaults, or other acts of violence, made directly or indirectly, even in jest, toward other employees or customers will result in severe disciplinary action. Employees subjected to a threat or assault must immediately report the incident to their commander. Employees are also encouraged to report any unusual situation that has the potential to cause workplace violence.

the ability to withstand, recover, and grow in the face of stressors and changing demands

Resiliency

Reveille

Reveille is the signal for the start of the official duty day. Because the time for the start of the duty day varies between bases, the commander designates the specified time for reveille. If the commander desires, a reveille ceremony may accompany the raising of the flag. This ceremony takes place near the base flagstaff and is held after sunrise.

Service Before Self

Service before Self represents an abiding dedication to the age-old military virtue of selfless dedication to duty at all times and under all circumstances including placing one's life at risk. Accepting expeditionary deployments and isolated assignments, accomplishing less-desirable tasks, and sacrificing personal amenities to improve the welfare of others are examples of Service before Self.

During a staff meeting, SSgt Bank says, "If you are the victim of unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that causes an offensive or hostile working environment, you need to report this immediately. In addition, if you are the victim of threats, harassment, or behavior that causes fear for your personal safety, this is something you need to report through the chain of command. Finally, another area you don't have to endure alone is if someone has forced abusive sexual contact with you. As your supervisor, I need you all to be able to focus and trust your fellow Airmen." SSgt Bank's final comments BEST explain _________ and its impact on unit effectiveness.

Sexual Assault

Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that involves unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when: a.Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of a person's job, pay, or career (quid pro quo sexual harassment). b. Submission to or rejection of such conduct by a person is used as a basis for career or employment decisions affecting that person (quid pro quo sexual harassment). c. Such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual's performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.

Spiritual Health

Spiritual health equips us with a particular strength during troubled times. During these distressful situations, people often experience spiritual pain that is as real and agonizing as physical or emotional pain. Spiritual pain occurs when one has difficulty finding meaning and purpose to life, experiences loss or guilt, or when suffering with a serious illness. One's spiritual health determines their ability to find comfort, meaning, and hope when faced with these difficult and often tragic circumstances allowing them to return to a state of psychological well-being.

Consequences of Stress

Stress shows itself in a variety of ways. For instance, an individual experiencing a high level of stress may develop high blood pressure, ulcers, irritability, and difficulty in making routine decisions, appetite loss, accident proneness, and the like. These symptoms fall under three general categories: physiological, psychological, and behavioral

NCO Responsibilities as Related to Substance Misuse

The Air Force charges members at all levels to "be mentally ready to accomplish the mission. Issues that can affect and detract from mental readiness are quality of life, financial problems, sexual harassment, discrimination, stress, marital problems, substance misuse, and lack of recognition. These types of issues can prevent individuals from focusing on the mission, diminish motivation, erode a positive attitude, and reduce the quality of work". As enlisted leaders, it is imperative that you ensure your subordinates conduct themselves within this standard.

Code of Conduct

The Code of Conduct is an ethical guide that includes six articles that: help you deal with your chief concerns as an American in combat; concerns that become critical when you must evade capture, resist while a prisoner, or escape from the enemy provide guidance on how to honorably survive captivity which often demands great courage, deep dedication, and high motivation help you endure the terrors of captivity, and prevail over your captors and return to your family, home, and nation with honor and pride

Air Force Culture of Responsible Choices

The Culture of Responsible Choices (CoRC) initiative helps us to focus on behaviors that impair mission readiness. We place a great deal of emphasis on responsibilities when it comes to drinking alcohol, and as such, have set behavioral guidelines. However, we also have a broader view of responsible choices in many settings. This initiative ties into protecting each other against sexual assault.

Military Ethics

The art of observing those moral obligations and precepts that is appropriate to a person's role within the military profession. Deal specifically with those values and expected rules of the profession that are appropriate to actions taken within the military environment. (Gabriel, 2003). The American military ethic is designed to put principle above self-interest. Personal integrity and moral courage are the keys to viability of that ethic (Flammer, 1976).

Human Relations

The basic definition of human relations is very simple—the relations between two or more people. In the Air Force, the goal of every supervisor is for human relations to have a positive connotation. Indications of appropriate human relations include: 1. Genuine concern for people 2. Acquiring knowledge about and respect for the backgrounds, values, goals, needs, and skills of subordinates 3. Willingness to listen and respond 4. Demonstrating trust and confidence in each individual's ability to do the job 5. Treating individuals and groups with dignity 6. Personal commitment for the growth, development, and advancement of all people 7. Setting a personal example that will generate a sense of pride and commitment to the Air Force 8. Exercising the level of authority necessary to accomplish the mission, but always with respect for the people who are the objects of your leadership

Self-Development

The concept of developing one's self requires all Airmen to grow and expand professionally as their rank, and span of control, scope of responsibilities, and sphere of influence increases. A concept that is reinforced by our Enlisted Force Structure, the purpose of which is to "Provide all enlisted Airmen the opportunity for professional growth."

Preventing Sexual Assault -What Is Your Responsibility?

The crime of sexual assault negatively impacts Air Force mission readiness and thus requires the full attention of all Air Force members. Historically, issues related to sexual assault have been viewed as women's issues and as such, educational efforts have been geared toward risk reduction versus true crime prevention

DOD Joint Staff Guide 5260, Service Member's Personal Protection Guide: A Self-Help Handbook to Combating Terrorism

The guidance contained in this section shall assist US Military personnel who find themselves isolated from US control in peacetime, or in a situation not related specifically in the Code of Conduct. United States Military personnel, because of their wide range of activities, are subject to peacetime detention by unfriendly governments or captivity by terrorist groups. The guidance in this section seeks to help U.S. Military personnel survive these situations with honor

Each accused perpetrator has seven basic rights.

The most important one that you need to know and be familiar with is the "Presumption of Innocence." Although we often seem to operate as if someone is "Guilty" until proven innocent, it is supposed to be the other way around. Treating someone as innocent until proven guilty requires us to invoke an important element of our core values...that of giving the accused the "Benefit of the Doubt." Guilt must be beyond a reasonable doubt and be established by legal and competent evidence.

How would you define intervention as it relates to substance abuse?

The process of helping the member recognize at the earliest possible moment that he or she needs treatment for self-destructive drinking or drug abuse. This professionally structured event includes significant others in the member's life.

Intervention:

The process of helping the member recognize at the earliest possible moment that he or she needs treatment for self-destructive drinking or drug misuse. This professionally structured event includes significant others in the member's life.

Mental Health Clinic

The staff at the Mental Health Clinic offers many types of counseling and support programs for victims of sexual assault. They have trained psychiatrists and psychologists on staff to assist victims with recovery.

Ethics

The study of what we understand to be good and right behavior and how we judge those behaviors. Ethics is a set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values. It is closely related to and generally interchangeable with our ideals about values and moral behavior. We characterize people as ethical when they act in ways that are consistent with societal moral values. Societies, not individuals, define the ethics of decisions and actions

The Air Force Symbol

The symbol has two main Parts: the upper half, the stylized wings represent the stripes of our strength-the enlisted men and women of our force. They are drawn with great angularity to emphasize our swiftness and power; the lower half has a sphere, a star, and three diamonds. The sphere within the star represents the globe. It reminds each of us of our obligation to secure our nation's freedom with global vigilance, global reach, and global power. The globe also reminds us of our challenge as an expeditionary force to respond to crises and to provide decisive airpower worldwide. The area surrounding the sphere takes the shape of a star. The star symbolizes space as the high ground of our nation's air and space force, and as a rallying symbol in all our wars; it represents the officer corps, which is central to our combat leadership. The star is framed with three diamonds that represent the Air Force core values. Combined, the Air Force symbol presents two powerful images-at once it is an eagle (the emblem of our nation) and a medal, representing valor in service to our nation

What is Airmanship?

The term "Airman," was once used in a narrow sense referencing only the members of the pilot profession. Since that initial time, the meaning of the word has expanded to include all who formally belong to the U.S. Air Force and employ or support its expeditionary and aerospace power capabilities. Airman includes all commissioned officers, noncommissioned officers, airmen, and civilian members that server in support of the almost 200 Air Force specialties codes. As such, Airmanship refers to all Airmen, skilled practitioners, and combatants of air, space, and cyberspace warfare.

The Three Rs

The three Rs provide guidance when considering the Os, they explain that when making decisions, and conducting one's self, it is the rules that give a person ethical guidance. The situation, circumstances, or realities influence if the rules are followed. Don't forget to consider the results or consequences of decisions and actions beforehand. Take a few moments to read and think about the below example. You and two fellow Airmen are held hostage by terrorists. Would you lie to protect your lives? You decide that the rule "do not lie" will result in the reality of death or imminent harm against you and your fellow Airmen; therefore, you lie to the terrorists to save your team.

The Perpetrator

There may be a time when the victim and perpetrator are both in your work center but you must be sensitive and support both. It is human nature to be angry or upset with the alleged perpetrator but you must push your human emotions aside and also protect the alleged perpetrator during the investigation. Remain non-judgmental and remind members of your work center to remain non-judgmental as well. Remind everyone that the matter is being handled by the authorities.

Organizations go through a cycle.

They are established, they grow, they become mature, and they eventually decline. An organization's life stage—that is, where it is in this four-stage cycle—creates different problems and pressures for individuals. The establishment and decline stages are particularly stressful. The former is characterized by a great deal of excitement and uncertainty, while the latter typically requires cutbacks, layoffs, and a different set of uncertainties. Stress tends to be least in maturity where uncertainties are at their lowest ebb.

Prevention is the best tool to eliminate sexual harassment in the workplace. Supervisors are encouraged to take steps necessary to prevent sexual harassment from occurring.

They should clearly communicate to subordinates that the Air Force will not tolerate sexual harassment. They can do so by establishing an effective complaint or grievance process and taking immediate and appropriate action when a subordinate complains. Almost every task required to accomplish the mission requires some kind of interaction between people.

Excellence in All We Do

This core value demands all Airmen continuously strive to perform at their best. They are compelled to strive to exceed all standards objectively based on mission needs. This demands a constant effort to discover new and innovative ways of accomplishing mission objectives.

Professional Development Guide (PDG

This resource was created as a reliable reference for promotion studying and used as a daily guide throughout an Airman's career

Drill

Throughout history, armies have practiced. In times of war, leaders used drill to move troops and equipment quickly from one location to another in an orderly manner. Drills also show how troops can move as one in a flawlessly timed effort. These unison movements are still important on the battlefield where mistakes can cost lives. In peacetime, drill, which also includes open ranks and reveille and retreat, provides a means of enhancing morale, developing a spirit of cohesion, and presenting traditional and well-executed ceremonies.

Documentation

To minimize substance abuse issues' impact on the workcenter, supervisors must document observed performance and behavior of suspected abusers assigned to their work centers. An important question to ask is, "How many times should this behavior go unchecked before documentation is necessary?" In a work center, what happens to one person often affects the entire duty section. All members will watch the situation closely, which can have a profound impact on how they view the duty section, their peers, and their leaders. You should document behavior associated with substance abuse after the first incident. Doing so may prevent further occurrences and allow for early intervention. Remember, it is better to document and not need it than to wait and wish you had.

Morals

Values that we attribute to a system of beliefs that help us define right from wrong, good versus bad. Typically, our values get their authority from something outside of us, i.e. higher being or authority.

TYPE 4:

Violence committed in the workplace by someone who doesn't work there, but has a personal relationship with an employee—an abusive spouse or domestic partner.

TYPE 2:

Violence directed at employees by customers, clients, patients, students, inmates, or any others for whom an organization provides services.

Workplace Violence

Violence in the workplace sabotages morale, cohesion, and productivity, while even more significantly it often results in a tragic loss of personnel. Most fatalities as a result of violence on our installations were determined to be extensions of domestic disputes. This points out that we can no longer assume individual duty performance is somehow insulated from off duty behavior and problems

TYPE 1:

Violent acts by criminals, who have no other connection with the workplace, but enter to commit robbery or another crime.

Supervisor Actions Following a Threat Allegation

While these may seem like tasks for Security Forces or the OSI, the concerned supervisor should also be in the loop for this information. It's recommended that the supervisor take the following actions when possible, once a threat allegation has been made: Relocate the workstation of threatened employees. Alter the employees work schedule. Provide photographs of stalkers or alleged perpetrators (spouses) to receptionists and security officers/forces. Encourage law enforcement to enforce restraining orders. If threats are recent, provide employees with time off. Deploy security cameras near entrances to employees work areas. Place silent alarms at employee workstations.

Retreat

With an understanding of your Air Force heritage and demonstrating your abilities proudly while properly wearing your distinctive uniform, you can truly advance the Profession of Arms. The benefit of inspections and flag ceremonies advance the POA through strengthening the commitment of members and Air Force culture, increased pride in uniform, increased pride in Air Force heritage, a renewal of the feeling of patriotism upon entering the Air Force, an increased ability to guide subordinates during reveille and retreat, and improved discipline and knowledge of the POA.

Restricted If an individual comes to you to report a sexual assault and you are in that person's chain of command, you are a mandatory reporter and the victim will lose the ability to make a restricted report.

With restricted reporting, a sexual assault victim can confidentially disclose the details of his or her assault to specified individuals without triggering the official investigative process. Service members who are sexually assaulted and desire restricted reporting under this policy may only report the assault to the SARC, Victim Advocate, or a Health Care Provider. the Restricted reporting program applies to Service members and their military dependents 18 years of age and older. It is important to note that EVERYONE has access to a sexual assault forensic medical examination (within a certain time frame), medical care, counseling, and victim advocate services, regardless of whether they make a restricted or unrestricted report. The SARC and assigned Victim Advocate, and VWAP liaison provide victims with important information about reporting, law enforcement, and criminal justice processes. restricted with exception, confidential for service members 18 and up no law enforcement no command

Give examples of physical and mental hardships you have had to face yourself and might face as a supervisor.

Your responses should center on: Falling ill or suffering a serious injury are two examples of physical hardships I might encounter. Marital problems, Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome after a deployment, and financial circumstances are all mental issues that could weigh heavily on me or any one of my troops.

SSgt Mayberry, the NCOIC is strongly devoted to his religious beliefs. While on watch he does not allow any talk about things he considers secular, like partying and drinking, and denies time off for activities which in his opinion, are not in good taste and do not promote ethical behavior. Although morale seems okay, one or two members have talked about switching flights. Because SSgt Mayberry ______, his actions will MOST likely ______ his effectiveness.

applied ethical relativism; hinder

Task demands

are factors related to a person's job. They include the design of the individual's job (autonomy, task variety, degree of automation), working conditions, and the physical work layout. Assembly lines can put pressure on people when their speed is perceived as excessive. The more interdependence between a person's tasks and the tasks of others, the more potential stress there is. Autonomy on the other hand, tends to lessen stress. Jobs where temperatures, noise, or other working conditions are dangerous or undesirable can increase anxiety. So too can working in an overcrowded room or in a visible location where interruptions are constant.

According to Chapter 4, the middle-tier NCO must

"Clearly meet, and strive to exceed, the standards and expectations levied upon junior enlisted Airmen. Epitomize excellence and lead by example through exhibiting professional behavior, military bearing, respect for authority, and the highest standards of dress and appearance. Instill professional behaviors in subordinates. Correct those who violate standards." NCOs must also, "Adopt, internalize, and demonstrate the Air Force Core Values and The Airman's Creed."

Leaders are to be familiar with the following confidentiality and privacy rules as stated in AFI 44-109:

"Communications between a patient and a psychotherapist or an assistant to a psychotherapist made for the purpose of facilitating diagnosis or treatment of the patient's mental or emotional condition are confidential communications and shall be protected from unauthorized disclosure. However, confidential communications will be disclosed to persons or agencies with a proper and legitimate need for the information and who are authorized by law or regulation to receive it, unless the evidentiary privilege applies."

Von Steuben incorporated the following belief into the army

"The indifferent quality of clothing instead of excusing slovenliness and unsoldierly conduct ought rather to excite each man to compensate for those deficiencies by redoubled attention to his personal appearance."viii As a result, military historians have credited von Steuben with bolstering the morale and fighting spirit of the Continental Army.

Warrior Ethos

"The warrior ethos has always been a part of an Airman's character, but some may have lost sight of it," said former Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. T. Michael Moseley. The warrior ethos is not limited to battlefield skills - it is a mindset, a warrior spirit that, in some respect, requires Airmen to change how they think about our Air Force. AFDD 1-1, Leadership and Force Development states, "Regardless of duty location, occupational specialty, or job position, all Airmen must embody the warrior ethos, tough-mindedness, tireless motivation, an unceasing vigilance, and a willingness by the military members to sacrifice their own lives for their country if necessary. Air Force Airmen, military and civilian, are committed to being the world's premier air and space force. This is the warrior ethos."

Wingman Concept and Philosophy

"The wingman is absolutely indispensable. I look after the wingman. The wingman looks after me. It's another set of eyes protecting you. That is the defensive part. Offensively, it gives you a lot more firepower. We work together. We fight together. The wingman knows what his responsibilities are, and knows what mine are. Wars are not won by individuals. They're won by teams."

Definition of Workplace Violence

"Workplace violence can be any act of violence, against persons or property, threats, intimidation, harassment, or other inappropriate, disruptive behavior that cause fear for personal safety and/or involve a substantial risk of physical or emotional harm to individuals, or damage to government resources or capabilities."

As NCOs, we must instill and support a culture that believes asking for help is a sign of strength NOT weakness, and we must expose and eliminate the myths surrounding the implications of seeing mental health providers. It leaderships' responsibility to ensure Airmen understand that:

(1) seeking help is encouraged and not a statement that they are somehow incompetent; and (2) negative career impact for seeking counseling is unlikely when Airmen seek help on their own and when it occurs before any misconduct.

Outward signs of substance abuse may include:

- Alcohol smelling breath at work - Glazed eyes or trouble focusing - Appearing intoxicated or disoriented during duty hours - Appearing disheveled or "hung over" at work - Indication of withdrawal, such as tremors, sweating, anxiety, and irritability - Frequent absences from work for vague illnesses - Interpersonal problems with family, friends, and/or coworkers - Changes in work quality, quantity, or duty performance - Overly frequent bathroom breaks, sleeping at work, extreme fatigue - Changes in habits—uniform wear, tardiness, forgetfulness

In addition to these indicators, the Wingman Concept incorporates the skills of Ask, Care, and Escort (ACE

- Ask: Have the courage to ask the question, "Are you thinking of killing yourself?" while remaining calm. - Care: Calmly control the situation: do not use force; be safe while actively listening to show understanding and to produce relief. Remove all means of self-injury. - Escort: Never leave your friend alone. Escort to your chain of command, Chaplain, Mental Health professional, or primary care provider, or call the national Suicide Prevention Lifeline. ***Only a commander can direct a military member to mental health***

Wingmen who know these indicators will:

- Assess the desire for self harm - Assess the means for self-harm (Does this person have a plan? Are there guns/weapons in the home?) - Assess the status of the Four Dimensions of Wellness - Stay with the person until positive handoff is complete (Don't leave member alone until handed off to Supervisor, 1st Sgt, CC and/or helping agency). - Look out for their fellow Airmen - Show sincere concern and actively listen - Appropriately intervene - Prevent fellow Wingman from engaging in self-destructive behavior

How does the understanding of and application of customs and courtesies impact NCO, unit, and mission effectiveness?

- Being more proud of who we are helps us to be motivated to have Excellence in All We Do. -As I become more familiar with my role as a supervisor, I can better educate my future subordinates. - Taking pride in who we are and what we do makes it easier for us to present a untied front.

Factors and Common Triggers

- Changes in policy, procedures, and working conditions - Projection of blame, "I didn't do anything, they're out to get me." - Frustration over an unmet need or demand - Concluding that "They can't get away with this." - Perceived/actual rejection or loss of love (fatal attraction, end of a relationship, and divorce) - Alcohol or drugs - Perceived or actual loss of status (loss of position, title or rank) - Sleep deprivation - Perceived or actual loss of advancement (passed over for promotion, reduction in force, not selected for special positions or assignments) - Feelings of humiliation and rage - Perception of supervisor (or organization) as unjust (rewards, recognition, excessive temporary duty/denial of leave, long working hours, inappropriate distribution of work tasks) - Loss of employment benefits or entitlements - Discrimination - Discharge for discipline or poor performance - Financial difficulties - Retirement concerns - Selective Early Retirement Board determination - Death of family member - Unemployment, and fear of job loss

Some events that may cause PTSD include

- Combat or military exposure - Child sexual or physical abuse - Natural disasters (fire, tornado, hurricane, flood, or earthquake) - Sexual or physical assault - Serious accidents (car wreck, etc.) - Terrorist attack

Subsequent to a critical incident, the following are recommended:

- Demonstrate concern for unit members' well-being - Ensure that the basic needs of survivors are met (i.e., shelter, food, safety, and security) - Let people talk about their experience ("emotional first aid") - Minimize exposure to environmental stressors (e.g., heat, cold, noise, disturbing visual scenes) - Be attentive to the needs of family members. - Provide factual information; prevent the spread of rumors. - Continuously evaluate the environment for additional threats; ensure member's needs are continuously met. - Foster unit cohesion

Some of the risk factors to watch out for include:

- Duration of deployment greater than six months - Repeat deployments without sufficient time to recover and reset - Sleeping less than 6-8 hours per day on average - Witnessing death close up, especially of other Airmen or civilian non-combatants - Being responsible for the death of serious injury of a non-combatant or allied combatant - Being physically injured - Handling remains, especially other Airmen - History of previous stress injuries, whether sustained during or prior to service - Previous mental health problems - Lack mutual trust with other unit members - Being impacted by family, relationship, or other home front stressors - Being young and inexperienced - Potential exposure to nuclear, biological, and chemical agents

Ethical Traps include:

- Ethical Relativism - making decisions based on personal values/beliefs rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct - Loyalty Syndrome - making decisions based on respect and/or loyalty to an individual, unit, or organization etc. rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct - Worry Over Image - making decisions based on how they impact one's reputation/standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, community etc. rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct. - Drive for Success - making decisions based on a "win at all cost" attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct.

Advanced Warning Signs

- Expresses an intention of harming self or others - Behaves in a manner which would lead you to conclude that there was imminent risk of this harm - Decreased or impaired emotional status - Thoughts of suicide - A suicide plan - Access to the method of suicide described - Stating they intend to complete the plan

Recognizing advanced warning signs goes hand in hand with knowing the type of help, resources, and referral agencies available for managing risk factors associated with suicide. Though services vary by installation, typical offerings include:

- Financial counseling - Employment assistance - Couples group - Parenting groups Respite Care Infant and toddler play groups Life skills groups (stress management, depression, anxiety, anger, etc.) Workshops (conflict resolution, dealing with difficult people, supervising, etc.)

Ethical Decision-Making

- First is the ability to recognize ethical issues and to reason through the ethical consequences of decisions, while being able to see second and third order effects. - Second is the ability to look at alternative points of view, deciding what is right in a particular set of circumstances. - Third is the ability to deal with ambiguity and uncertainty; making a decision on the best information available.15 Sometimes making a decision stops at consciously acknowledging that there are no significant ethical consequences to consider. On the other hand, there may be one or several ethical consequences to consider when making a decision.

Fear

- Helplessness: "I can't do anything to help" - Hopelessness: "Nothing I do matters"

Obtaining PTSD depends on several factors:

- How intense the trauma or how long it lasted - If you lost someone you were close to or were hurt - How close you were to the event - How strong your reaction was - How much you felt in control of events - How much help and support you got after the event

warning signs that Airmen may display when experiencing combat/operational stress. When a leader recognizes the following warning signs, they have a better chance of preventing or at least minimizing CSRs. Some of those warning signs are as follows:

- Hyperactivity - Trembling or cowering - Loss of feelings in limbs - Loss of mobility - "Spaced out" appearance - Irritable or angry outburst - Reckless behavior - Hallucinations - Misconduct - Significant mood changes - Withdrawal - Depression - Apathy - Confusion - Poor hygiene - Memory loss - Inability to sleep or fear of sleep - Emotional Outbursts - Frantic, panicky behavior

Subject interview data is information that answers the following questions:

- Intent, plan, and means to perpetrate violence? - What is subject's history? - Subjects perspective on the trigger incident/accusation? - Alcohol and drug use/abuse? - Any compulsive, paranoid, antisocial, or dependent personality features? - Any history of violence against the victim or former romantic partners? - Any features of impulsiveness, brooding, or sense of "being wronged"? - History of other forms of violence? - Does psychological testing show evidence of severe mood, thought or personality disorder (See DeBecker below)?

Anger

- Lack of compassion: Inability to care Criticism: Blaming

In addition to a strong Wingman culture that provides a great deal of social support, the Air Force has 10 specific policy and training elements which collectively comprise the Air Force approach to taking care of Airmen. These include:

- Leadership involvement - Professional Military Education - Use of mental health services - Community preventive services, education and training - Investigative interview policy - Trauma stress response - Integrated delivery system (IDS) and community action information board (CAIB) - Limited privilege suicide prevention program - Integrated delivery system consultation assessment tool (formally behavioral health survey) Suicide event surveillance system

In addition to modeling the above behaviors, NCOs should create and promote an ethical climate and foster ethical behavior using the following three principles:

- No rewards for unethical behavior - Sanctions and forgiveness for mistakes - Take appropriate action(s) when dealing with dereliction of duty Unethical behavior by any Airman destroys morale, trust, and the desire to work as a team. Most importantly, in warfighting, unethical behavior can result in compromise of our national security and needless loss of life. It takes great character and personal integrity to practice ethical behavior in all we do.

The purpose of a ceremony is to accomplish one or more of the following:

- Provide distinctive honors to national symbol or individuals on special occasions - Display proficiency and the state of training of the troops of a command - Promote teamwork and pride in an Air Force organization - Contribute to the public morale by displaying symbolically the strength and unity of the military in support of the nation.

Some of the reactions to stress by adult family members may include

- Sadness - Anger - Anxiety - Nervousness - Difficulty with children - Fear for the deployed spouse - Depression

Children of deployed members may show various reactions such as changes in:

- Sleep habits - Interests - Energy - Eating habits - Behaviors

The team typically includes:

- Supervisor - Family Support Center - Behavioral Science Flight - Chaplain - Military Equal Opportunity - Civilian Personnel Officer - Security Forces - Exclusive Recognized Union - Office of Special Investigations

The Air Force Defines Substance Misuse as:

- The use of any illicit drug, the misuse of any prescribed medication, or the abuse of alcohol - Any substandard behavior or performance in which the consumption of alcohol is a primary contributing factor - Any pattern of unconventional misuse of any substance for nonmedical purposes that produces a known health risk or constitutes a danger to self or others

Source data is information that answers the following questions:

- What exactly was said or done? - Are any other employees involved perhaps in a love triangle? - What is the relationship between the subject (threatener) and the hearer (potential victim)? - What is the context of the threat, gesture, or act? - How long has there been a problem? - What happened just before and just after the threat, gesture, or act? - Has the victim sought restraining orders? - Why does the hearer feel concerned or fearful? - Does the perpetrator know the victim's work schedule? - Are there other witnesses or individuals with relevant information? - Does the perpetrator know other employees? - Where is the subject now?

Honesty

- being truthful, straightforward and having candor are aspects of honesty. - Truthfulness means having moral courage to avoid lies and deception. - Straightforwardness adds frankness to truthfulness and is necessary to promote public confidence and to ensure effective, efficient conduct of operations. - Candor is the forthright offering of unrequested information.

What do the numbers in the 0-0-1-3 formula represent?

0 = Number of underage individuals drinking alcohol 0 = Number of individuals driving under the influence 1 = Maximum number of alcoholic drinks per hour 3 = Maximum numbers of alcoholic drinks per night

The AEP is designed to ensure that:

1. All personnel actions and employment practices are based solely on merit and fitness. 2. All facilities, activities, and services—operated by, sponsored by, or participated in by the Air Force—are not segregated, and their use will not be determined by race, color, religion, age, gender, national origin, or handicapping condition. They will be made available to eligible personnel on an equal basis. 3. The Air Force continues to seek out and correct or eliminate any personnel management policy, procedure, or practice that may result in any advantage in employment or deny equality of opportunity to any group or individual on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, age, national origin, or handicapping condition. Reasonable accommodation will be made to religious needs of employees, including those who worship on a day other than Sunday, when such changes can be made (by granting leave, changing tours of duty, etc.) without undue hardship on the Air Force mission. 4. Reasonable accommodation will be made to the physical and mental handicaps of otherwise qualified employees or applicants for employment when these accommodations can be made without undue hardship on the Air Force mission. 5. The skills of Air Force employees will be used to the fullest possible extent. Underutilized employees will be identified and, when possible, provided with working opportunities in concert with mission requirements and commensurate with their knowledge, skills, and abilities.

Supervisors' responsibilities are to make sure the members of their work centers:

1. Are able to present complaints in an atmosphere not conducive to retaliation 2. Are encouraged to discuss problems and complaints 3. Know the various channels and procedures for filing complaints or otherwise seeking outside assistance 4. Know that unlawful discrimination is illegal and will not be tolerated 1. Implement preventive measures to promote EOT in the work center 2. Take action to address allegations of discrimination

Your role in preventing sexual assault is three-fold:

1. Modeling appropriate behavior, 2. Dealing with inappropriate behavior when it is brought to your attention or when you see it or hear it first hand 3. Teaching your subordinates, peers, and even supervisors proper prevention and response.

As stated in AFI 44-109, Mental Health, Confidentiality, and Military Law

confidential communication is defined as communication not intended to be disclosed to third persons other than those to whom disclosure is in furtherance of the rendition of professional services to the patient or those reasonably necessary for such transmission of the communication.

An important fact for you to keep in mind is that the Air Force bases its EOT and EEO policies on public law and United States Code;

consequently, violations are dealt with through the punitive articles of the UCMJ and AFI 36-704 for civilian personnel. Unlawful discrimination includes discrimination based on color, national origin, race, religion, or sex. Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination.

Organizational Structure

defines the level of differentiation in the organization, the degree of rules and regulations, and where decisions are made. Excessive rules and lack of participation in decisions that affect an individual are examples of structural variables that might be potential sources of stress.

The Airman's Creed

defines what makes Air Force members uniquely different from that of any other sister service. It provides the fundamental guiding truths and beliefs that solidify our membership in best Air Force in the world. To maintain this state of supremacy, a sense of pride and honor in what it means to be a 'Professional Airman' must be cultivated. In other words, a sense of Airmanship must be promoted and instilled!

The Three Ds

discern, declare, and do state that you must try to discern the truth; at appropriate times, you declare the truth as you have discerned it; and then you do what you have discerned and declared. Simply put, the three Ds emphasize that you have a moral charge to educate yourself as best as you can in light of the truth, to speak up for truth, and then to act in truth. One more D actually comes into play here, the process of moral decision, a word that the dictionary tells us means "the idea of coming to a conclusion after some question, talk, or thinking over."

Leaders who model _____ ______ inspire confidence in those they lead, inspiring them to accept and follow decisions from ethical leaders and organizations with an ethical climate rather than from unethical leaders or organizations with a corrosive environment

ethical behavior

This guideline, "0-0-1-3,"

is a scientifically based formula that should reduce situations where loss of inhibitions, poor judgment, or violence occurs. The first "0" relates to the goal of no underage drinking. The second "0" means no DUIs are allowed. The "1" refers to the standard of having no more than one drink per hour. The "3" sets the cap for maximum drinks per evening. This formula aims to reduce alcohol use issues in the Air Force, to include sexual assaults, loss of duty time, mission degradation, and alcohol-related fatalities. When organizational events or activities include alcohol, ensure that subordinates are aware that the "0-0-1-3" guideline is to be followed by all members

Accountability

is accepting responsibility for decisions and the resulting consequences. This includes avoiding even the appearance of impropriety because appearance affects public confidence. Accountability promotes careful, well thought out decision making and limits thoughtless action

Stress

is defined as the reaction our bodies experience to an external demand by our continually changing environment. It has physical and emotional effects on us, and can create positive or negative feelings or behaviors.

Sexual assault

is intentional sexual contact, characterized by use of force, threats, intimidation, abuse of authority, or when the victim does not or cannot consent. Sexual assault includes rape, forcible sodomy (oral or anal sex), and other unwanted sexual contact that is aggravated, abusive, or wrongful (to include unwanted and inappropriate sexual contact), or attempts to commit these acts. Sexual assaults can occur without regard to gender or spousal relationship or age of victim.

Excellence in All We Do

is our commitment to the highest standards in everything ranging from product excellence to operations excellence. It directs us to develop a sustained passion for continuous improvement and innovation that will propel the Air Force into a long-term, upward spiral of accomplishment and performance

Loyalty

is the bond that holds the nation and the federal government together and the protection against dissention and conflict. It is not blind obedience or unquestioning acceptance of the status quo. Loyalty requires careful balancing among various interests, values, and institutions in the interest of harmony and cohesion

Service Before Self

is the essence of our commitment to the nation, and reminds us that military service is a calling. Professional duties must take precedence over our personal desires. While personal goals often coincide with Air Force goals, there is no room for personal agendas. A leader who is unwilling to sacrifice individual goals for the good of the unit cannot convince other unit members to do so. Careerism (personal career ambition) and self-interest are all too common in a hierarchical system. Behaviors from leaders that promote self-interest, personal agendas, or even careerism do more damage to the institution. Leaders who serve selflessly inspire support from their followers.

Respect

is treating people with dignity, honoring privacy, and allowing self-governing. Lack of respect leads to a breakdown of loyalty and honesty within an organization.

Worry over Image

making decisions based on how the decision will impact one's reputation/standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, community etc., rather than on military rules, regulations, and conduct of conduct.

Loyalty Syndrome

making decisions based on respect and/or loyalty to an individual, unit, or organization, etc, rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conducts.

The three Ps

operate in the context that Airmen must put principle (truth telling and honor) first; purpose (mission accomplishment and duty) second; and people (fellow citizens, Airmen, etc.) third. The three Ps provide the perspective for the way to think about the Os. Airmen are to adhere to the precedence of principles, purpose and then people, switching the order would negate the entire process. When considering these principles, keep in mind that they refer to the requirements and needs of the Air Force, and not one's individual principles and purpose.

Traumatic Stress Response (TSR) teams

or services exist on each base to help individuals recover from or remain functioning despite the potential negative effects of traumatic incidents. TSR teams enable people to understand the normal reactions to traumatic events and to promote use of effective coping skills. This is accomplished through peer counseling, education, group meetings, command consultation, and on-scene supportive services

Bystanders (witnesses) are

people who see the potential for a sexual assault. The bystander may want to act, but may not know what to do. Alternatively, perhaps they do not feel responsible for the actions of others. However, we are all responsible for the safety of each other.

Protective Factors Basic Risk Factors Factors associated with preventing suicide:

pg100-102

4-Domains of Wellness

physical, emotional, spiritual, social

Organizational leadership

represents the managerial style of the organization's senior executives. Some chief executive officers (CEO) create a culture characterized by tension, fear, and anxiety. They establish unrealistic pressures to perform in the short run, impose excessively tight controls, and routinely fire individuals who "don't measure up."

During a pre-deployment briefing SSgt Rener says, "I know you are all leaving out next week and this is a first deployment for some of you. All of you will face new challenges and hardships. Use the training and support network you have so you can endure, bounce back, and develop in these hard times. When you return, the unit needs you back at one hundred percent." SSgt Rener's comments BEST explain ______ and its impact on mission effectiveness.

resilience

SSgt Hester is a PME instructor who is conducting a lesson on customs and courtesies. He reminds his students about the importance of being professional in and out of uniform. He explains to them whether you're in Air Force PT gear or ABUs you must always render the proper respect to the flag. He also reminds them of an age old tradition that is held at the end of each duty day and it serves as a dual function. SSgt Hester's comments BEST illustrates a__________________.

retreat ceremony

As a positive influence (eustress

stress can compel us to action; it can result in a new awareness and an exciting new perspective. As a negative influence, it can result in feelings of distrust, rejection, anger, and depression, which can lead to health problems such as headaches, upset stomach, rashes, insomnia, ulcers, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke

Just as in suicide, there is often plenty of warning

that violence is about to erupt. Unfortunately, too many supervisors or coworkers are intimidated by this type of individual, and do not appropriately confront them (almost always male), which only serves to reinforce the sense of power through intimidation the avenger feels. Another common, but equally dangerous reaction of others is to down play the likelihood of violence with such armchair psychology as, "that's just the way _____ is, he would never do anything." A second, very real, and growing threat for workplace violence is not the aggrieved, terminated employee described above, but "the angry lover." A recent survey of security directors for 248 companies in 27 states found that 93% rated domestic violence as an increasing security problem relative to other security issues. The Labor Department's Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that slightly more than 10% of the men that die at work die are murdered, but it is more than 40% for women. Inaction by supervisors in these "personal problems" can prove fatal.

Perpetrators are

the criminals who assault victims. Often perpetrators calculate carefully and their intentions are camouflaged by what seems like common social behavior. In other words, they blend in. They groom their victims looking for vulnerability and accessibility

Victims are

the people assaulted by perpetrators. Victims of sexual assault do not expect this kind of criminal act to take place. Victims are never at fault; no one asks to be assaulted. This is the one crime in which society often blames the victims for their behavior due to lack of understanding about the true nature of this crime and those who perpetrate it.

Organizational Factors

there are no shortages of factors within the organization that can cause stress: Pressure to avoid errors or complete tasks in a limited time period, work overload, a demanding and insensitive boss, and unpleasant coworkers are a few examples. These factors are categorized around task, role, and interpersonal demands, organizational structure, organizational leadership, and the organization's life stage

SSgt Amani tells TSgt Rowe, "I noticed something was different about SrA Jack. He let me know he was going through a rough patch and after our talk, he decided to speak to a chaplain. Even though I had a lot of work to do, I drove him to the chapel and waited until he was finished. I talk with him every day and he seems to be feeling much better now." SSgt Amani's _______ will MOST likely ________ his effectiveness.

understanding of the Wingman Concept; enhance

All personnel who are referred to the ADAPT program

will attend a minimum of three sessions of awareness education aimed at assisting participants to make appropriate behavioral changes. Substance misuse education does not just take place after a referral to ADAPT. Education is required for personnel at all levels in the Air Force, from first duty station members all the way through members involved in substance abuse-related incidents

When a victim comes to you,

your first priority is his or her safety and well-being and to let the victim know that you are there for them and support them. Once the immediate needs are taken care of, you should also be prepared for ongoing support of the victim. Seek input from the victim about time-off for counseling or medical issues and any other issues that may impact her or his ability to perform military duties. Work with your supervisor to support the victim through the recovery process.

The Air Force does not tolerate illegal or improper use of drugs by Air Force personnel, and such use is considered:

• A serious breach of discipline • Not compatible with service in the Air Force • A factor that automatically places the member's continued service in jeopardy • Behavior that can lead to criminal prosecution resulting in a punitive discharge or administrative actions, including separation or discharge under other than honorable conditions

Air Force leaders need to be familiar with these potential reactions to stress. Some of these reactions include

• Anxiety • Irritability • Decreased attention to detail • Unclear thinking • Sleep troubles • Appetite changes • Emotional display over dead or wounded • Loneliness and isolation • Diminished confidence - lost of trust in self and unit

Sexual assault affects us at multiple levels:

− Individual − Unit − Air Force

The Air Force has zero tolerance for any type of sexual assault or attempted assault. The well-being of all Airmen is a primary concern for the Air Force. This concern is displayed by:

− Mutual respect: No Airman should ever be afraid of another Airman. − Mutual support: Wingmen always take care of their fellow Airmen. − A strong team: Healthy relationships contribute to a strong team. − Success: We are winners when we are at our best and take care of each other.

How can you prevent sexual assault? First, walk the talk, don't just talk about ways to prevent it, do it by setting an example with your own behavior:

− Refrain from sexist and gender biased comments, jokes, and actions − Coach, counsel, and redirect when you hear or see this behavior in others − If a situation seems dangerous to you, trust your intuition and intervene Second, actively encourage your subordinates, peers, and supervisors to do the same.

To review and paraphrase what both policies state,

"All personnel, military and civilian, will be treated equally, regardless of their race, color, religion, national origin, or sex."

How does the Air Force define Consent?

"Consent" shall not be deemed or construed to mean the failure by the victim to offer physical resistance. Consent is not given when a person uses force, threat of force, coercion, or when the victim is asleep, incapacitated or unconscious.

Brief Airmen on the top enlisted member's stance on sexual assault:

"Everyone deserves to be treated with respect and all are responsible for creating a climate where that's the expectation. This involves exercising personal responsibility and moral courage; for example, choosing not to have one more drink or laughing at a derogatory joke when your buddies are. It also involves taking courage to let your leaders know when there is a problem." Former Chief of Staff General Mark A. Welsh III and Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force James Cody

Oath of Enlistment

"I, (NAME), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. So help me God."

Assault:

A violent physical or verbal attack, an unlawful threat, or an attempt to do violence or harm to somebody else.

The survey results showed that within the 12 months preceding the survey:

- 3.4 percent of women and .5 percent of men experienced sexual assault. - Only 16.7 percent of women and 5.8 percent of men reported the assault. - 18.9 percent of women and 2.1 percent of men had been sexually assaulted since joining the Air Force - 60 percent of women who were raped said they did not want their superiors to know - 63 percent of women said they "did not want their fellow airmen to know." - Nearly half said that they "did not want to cause trouble in their unit." - The survey also discovered that most assaults occur while victims are at home station, as opposed to during deployments or temporary duty assignments, and most offenders are other Airmen.

A person who is considered emotional and mentally healthy has:

- A sense of contentment - Self-confidence and high self-esteem - A zest for living and the ability to laugh and have fun - The flexibility to learn new things and adapt to change - A balance between work and play, rest and activity, etc - The ability to build and maintain fulfilling relationships - The ability to deal with stress and bounce back from adversity - A sense of meaning and purpose, in both their activities and relationships

Common reactions experienced by persons following a sudden death include:

- Disbelief—"This can't be true." - Questioning the reasons/justifications for the death - Anger at being deprived by the death - Guilt/blame - Helplessness - Sleep difficulty - Nightmares - Difficulty with concentration - Numbness and detachment - Depression - Anxiety Figure

12 Targets to Enhance Resilience and Operational Performance:

1.Be a Wingman: Taking responsibility to care for themselves, others, and AF families. 2. "Comm." Check: Improving interpersonal communication skills by studying the communication model (sender-message-receiver-response), promoting healthy communication. 3. Lead from the Front: Demonstrating good leadership by personally using these techniques. Discuss them with other Airmen and hold them accountable. 4. Mental Rehearsal: Practicing and incorporating the practice of imagining oneself accomplishing a task before actually doing it. Visualization is a proven technique that supports success. 5. Nutrition: Eating healthy foods and drinking plenty of water together the optimal fuel to ensure the mind and body operate at peak performance. 6. Physical Fitness: Exercising regularly improves strength and stamina, enhancing the body and mind to function at peak performance, creating a sense of well-being. 7. Problem-Solving: Using effective problem-solving techniques that increase the probability for sound solutions. 8. Purpose=Y (Why): Maintaining a clear understanding of one's purpose, role in the mission, reasons for serving, and contributions to the bigger mission can rejuvenate a sense of purpose in life. 9. Recharge: Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and participating in activities that encourage relaxation allowing the body time to recover between challenges. 10. Situational Awareness (SA): Assessing each situation, leveraging thoughts, awareness of the situation, and training to improve performance during challenging situations. 11. Strategic Thinking: Evaluating life's events paying attention to the thoughts one has during each good and bad situation. Keeping thoughts balanced, building self-confidence by recollecting previous challenges and what was learned with each circumstance. 12. Tactical Breathing: Using breathing techniques to release muscle tension and return one's focus and attention to the task at hand.

Anxiety

- Over-protectiveness: Reduce autonomy - Under-protectiveness: Casual avoidance

Other situations that may be potential sources of long-term problems at home for Airmen and their families are as follows:

- Poor communication - Remaining spouse experiences of loss of job - Remaining spouse being a victim of a crime - Dissolution of marriage - Remaining spouse is pregnant - Medical problems - Special needs family member - Substance abuse issues

The Air Force has two programs that deal with unlawful discrimination:

1) Equal Opportunity and Treatment (EOT) program for military members, and 2) Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) program for civilians.

A few of the more well-known time management principles are:

1. Make daily lists of activities to be accomplished 2. Prioritize activities by importance and urgency 3. Schedule activities according to the priority 4. Know your daily cycle and handle the most demanding parts of your job during the high part of your cycle when you are most alert and productive.

Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, and AFI 36-2706, Military Equal Opportunity Program. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to the following:

1. The victim as well as the harasser may be a woman or a man. The victim does not have to be of the opposite sex. 2. The harasser can be the victim's supervisor, an agent of the employer, a supervisor in another area, a coworker, or a nonemployee. 3. The victim does not have to be the person harassed, but could be anyone affected by the offensive conduct. 4. The harasser's conduct must be unwelcome.

Webster's II New Riverside University Dictionary defines discriminate as:

1. To make a clear distinction: differentiate 2. To perceive the distinguishing features of

Assault__

A violent physical or verbal attack, an unlawful threat, or an attempt to do violence or harm to somebody else

Alcoholism:

A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by 1) Impaired control over drinking, 2) Preoccupation with the drug alcohol, 3) Use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and 4) Distortions in thinking, most notably denial. (Note: Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic

Stressor

A stressor is any mental or physical challenge or challenges

What Air Force Manual (AFM) or Air Force Instruction (AFI) governs Dress and Appearance?

AFI 36-2903, Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel.

Personal Discrimination

Actions taken to deprive an individual or group of a right because of color, national origin, race, religion, or sex. Can occur overtly, covertly, intentionally, or unintentionally

What do the three diamonds in the Air Force symbol represent?

Air Force Core Values

Substance:

Alcohol and other mind or mood-altering drugs, including illicit drugs, prescribed medications, and over-the-counter medications

Why do people commit suicide?

Although no one knows for sure, theory suggests it is because they believe they: Are a burden to others, do not contribute to the group, are a liability to the group's well being or safety, have no sense of belonging or connection to others or to the unit.

Workplace Violence__

Any act of violence, against persons or property, threats, intimidation, harassment, or other inappropriate, disruptive behavior that cause fear for personal safety and/or involve a substantial risk of physical or emotional harm to individuals, or damage to government resources or capabilities

Racism

Any attitude or action of a person or institutional structure that subordinates a person or group because of race.

Recovering From a Workplace Violence Emergency

As mentioned earlier, despite our best efforts, workplace violence occurs. When it does, NCOs must be aware of the three stages of "crisis reaction" following a violent incident

Sexism

Attitudes and beliefs that one sex is superior to another

Sexism

Attitudes and beliefs that one sex is superior to another.

Goal Setting

Based on an extensive amount of research, individuals perform better when they have specific and challenging goals, and receive feedback on how well they are progressing toward these goals. The use of goals can reduce stress as well as provide motivation. Feedback related to specific goals reduces uncertainties concerning actual job performance. The result is less individual frustration, role ambiguity, and stress

Behavioral Symptoms

Behaviorally related stress symptoms include changes in productivity, absence, turnover, as well as changes in eating habits, increased smoking, or consumption of alcohol, rapid speech, fidgeting, and sleep disorders So far, you've read about organizational and individual factors that cause stress, learned that people react differently to stressors, discussed the three types of symptoms, and briefly looked at the most obvious psychological effect from stress. Now it is time to look at individual and organizational approaches to stress management.

TOO MUCH DDR

Can result in micromanaging, lack of appropriate delegation, Can lead to rewarding average performance which reduces the impact of the rewards program and negatively impacts morale/mission

Ceremonies

Ceremonies demonstrate the proficiency and training state of troops. Ceremonies are an extension of drill activities. The precision marching, promptness in responding to command, and teamwork developed on the drill field determine the appearance and performance of the group in ceremonies.

Aggravated Assault __

Causing serious physical injury to another; using a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument; committing an assault by any means of force that causes temporary but substantial disfigurement, etc.

Aggravated Assault:

Causing serious physical injury to another; using a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument; committing an assault by any means of force that causes temporary but substantial disfigurement, temporary but substantial loss or impairment of any body organ or part or a fracture of any body part; committing an assault while the victim is bound or otherwise physically restrained or while the victim's capacity to resist is substantially impaired.

Caring

Compassion is an essential element of caring for others. Courtesy and kindness to those we serve and to those we work with help to ensure fair treatment. Caring for others is the protection against the temptation to pursue the mission at any cost.

Ethical Traps

Confusion or uncertainly as to what actions or behaviors to take because of conflicting opinions/values.

Courtesies

Courtesies are marks of respect, etiquette, or courteous behavior shown to persons or symbols. Military courtesy is based on the idea of mutual respect between military professionals. Courtesies are also known as acts of politeness. Again, when you practice courtesy, you show respect among members of a unique profession. Some examples of courtesy are using common phrases like "Please" and "Thank you" and having telephone etiquette by introducing yourself when you answer. The primary benefits of customs and courtesies are self-discipline and pride.

Customs

Customs are practices that are the result of the need for order and discipline and are established by frequent use over a long period. This says the custom has worked, been accepted, is meaningful, and must be continued. Customs help support the military professional, because when you uphold the customs of your organization, you identify yourself as a member of the organization.

Common barriers to seeking out help include:

Denying the problem exists Avoiding the problem altogether Fear that accessing help will result in a negative career impact Fear that the chain of command will be contacted (i.e., breach of privacy and confidentiality)

What are common barriers that at-risk personnel face when seeking out help?

Denying the problem exists, avoiding the problem altogether, fear that accessing help will result in a negative career impact, fear that the chain of command will be contacted

Unlawful Discrimination

Discrimination based on color, national origin, race, religion, or sex that is not authorized by regulation.

Negative stress is distress

Distress is the stress of losing, failing, overworking, and not coping. Distress affects people in a negative and often harmful manner. We all experience distress from time to time; it's a normal, unavoidable part of living

Promise Keeping

DoD employees (to include Airmen) are obligated to keep their promises in order to promote trust and cooperation. Because of the importance of promise keeping, it is critical that DoD employees (to include Airmen) only make commitments that are within their authority.

(A) Perceived Ability:

Does the person believe he/she can successfully deliver the blow, bullet, or bomb?

(J) Perceived Justification:

Does the person feel justified in using violence?

Relationship and financial problems, family crisis, grief and loss, experiencing failure, illness, or injury, difficulty adjusting to a new life change, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), career problems, and low self esteem.

Emotional Health

What are the framework with which military activities take place and are the basis for Air Force policies, guidance, and focus?

Ethical Principles

A set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values is...

Ethics

Stereotype

Exaggerated belief about a category of people. It rationalizes our conduct toward that category.

What are some advanced warning signs of suicide?

Express an intention of harming themselves, suicide plan, decreased or impaired emotional status, access to the method of suicide described, thoughts of suicide.

What are three common reactions that people have when faced with a suicide situation?

Fear, anxiety, and anger

Primary Ethical Values

Honesty, integrity, loyalty, Accountability, fairness, caring, respect, promise keeping, responsible citizenship, pursuit of excellence

What are some of the outward signs of substance abuse?

Frequent financial shortages, avoids friends and colleagues, blames others for their problems and shortcomings, has complaints leveled concerning domestic disturbances or problems at home, demonstrates a decline in personal appearance, complains of vague illnesses

Stress Management Strategies

From the organization's standpoint, management may not be concerned when individuals experience low to moderate levels of stress. The reason is that such levels of stress can be functional and lead to higher individual performance. However, high levels of stress or even low levels sustained over long periods can lead to reduced performance, and thus require action by management.

the internal force one uses to face and handle mental and/or physical challenges

Hardiness of spirit

Suicide Awareness:

Heightened individual and community awareness of suicide, suicide risk factors, and the fact that suicide is only the "tip of the iceberg" of psychosocial problems.

What are the general goals for post-suicide intervention?

Help friends and colleagues understand and begin the grieving process, to help maintain mission readiness and morale, identify/refer individuals who are at increased risk for distress

(C) Perceived Consequences:

How does the person view the consequences associated with using violence?

List at least 10 warning signs associated with combat/operational stress.

Hyperactivity, trembling or cowering, loss of feeling in limbs, loss of mobility, "spaced out" appearance, irritable or angry outburst, reckless behavior, poor hygiene, memory loss, inability or sleep or fear of sleep, hallucinations, misconduct, significant mood changes, withdrawal, depression, apathy, confusion, emotional outbursts, frantic, panicky behavior.

The Unit

If a sexual assault does occur in your work center or unit, there will undoubtedly be fallout. Work center or unit cohesion and trust will be hampered, especially in the days after the assault is reported. It's up to you as NCOs to help rebuild the trust and cohesion in your work center or unit. If both individuals are in your unit, it might be difficult for other people in the unit-friends of the victim and of the perpetrator. People might take sides, or at least be upset. There will probably be discussion and rumors about what happened-people will be distracted. The victim could be out away from the work center with appointments and the victim or perpetrator could be reassigned until the investigation is complete.

Workplace Violence

Imagine a violent situation escalates in your work area. Would you be prepared to handle it appropriately? These types of events are becoming more common in today's working environment. While many of these events seemingly happen in the civilian sector, workplace violence is a current issue in the Air Force. Incidents involving fatalities in Myrtle Beach, McGuire, Fairchild, and the Air Force Academy illustrate that you, as supervisors, play a vital role in recognizing potentially violent situations. You should also know how to take proactive measures in reducing the negative impact such incidents might create.

Theory of "Negligent Supervision"

In a Risk Management article titled, Making sense of violence in the workplace author Sandra Kelley (1995) notes, "Courts frequently recognize the theory of negligent supervision when one employee alleges that an employer should have taken reasonable care in supervising a second employee who is threatening the first with violent conduct. As representatives of our employer, we must be diligent about preventing workplace violence."

Pursuit of Excellence

In public service, competence is only the starting point. DoD Employees (to include Airmen) are expected to set an example of superior diligence and commitment. They are expected to be all they can be and to strive beyond mediocrity

Stage One:

In this stage, the unit members experience emotional reactions characterized by shock, disbelief, denial, or numbness. Physically, members experience shock or a fight-or-flight survival reaction in which the heart rate increases, perceptual senses become heightened or distorted, and adrenaline levels increase to meet a real or perceived threat.

What is the difference between restricted and unrestricted reporting?

In unrestricted reporting an investigation is conducted, in restricted reporting a sexual assault victim can disclose details of his or her assault to specified individuals without triggering the official investigation process.

Alcohol-Related Misconduct:

Includes driving while intoxicated, public incidents of intoxication and misconduct, under-aged drinking, or similar offenses and is a breach of discipline.

Organizational Communication

Increasing formal communication reduces uncertainty by lessening role ambiguity and role conflict. Given the importance perceptions play in moderating the stress-response relationship, management can also use effective communications as a means to shape individual perceptions.

Personal Discrimination

Individual actions taken to deprive a person or group of a right because of color, national origin, race, religion, or sex. Such discrimination can occur overtly, covertly, intentionally, or unintentionally

Relaxation Training

Individuals can teach themselves to relax through techniques such as meditation, hypnosis, and biofeedback. The objective is to reach a state of deep relaxation where one feels physically relaxed, somewhat detached from the immediate environment, and detached from body sensation. Deep relaxation for 15 to 20 minutes a day releases tension and provides a pronounced sense of peacefulness.

Risk Factors

It is important to recognize that we all have a breaking point no matter what our deployment experience may be. There are both internal and external factors that may cause one to reach that breaking point. There are certain risks factors that may increase the likelihood that these stress reactions will occur. Having knowledge of these risk factors can help leaders modify, reduce, or eliminate the possibility of combat/operational stressors.

The Victim

Law enforcement experts recognize that sexual assault is one of the most underreported crimes committed. Many surveys indicate fear and embarrassment as the top reasons why this crime is not reported. Instead, victims suffer in silence. Some of that fear and reluctance occurs because in general little is done in society to protect and support victims of sexual assault, even among groups. We can help change this. If you are sensitive to victims of sexual assault, your troops will know, and will be more likely to come to you if they are assaulted.

Intervention

Leaders also have the responsibility to intervene when they suspect substance abuse. As defined above, intervention is the processes of helping the member recognize at the earliest possible moment, that he or she needs treatment for self-destructive drinking or drug abuse. This professionally structured event includes significant others in the member's life.

Lead By Example

Leading by example is an effective way to minimize the impact of substance misuse in your work center. Supervisors must realize that the example they set will go a long way toward younger Airmen's compliance with policy. Senior NCOs, supervisors, commanders and first sergeants who enforce rules they don't follow themselves set the squadron up for serious discipline problems

Proactive Steps to Prevent Violence in the Workplace

Many incidents of workplace violence can be prevented by some direct, if not always simple, precautionary actions.

Risk factors for Airmen include:

Male E1- E4s between the ages of 21 and 25 are at the highest risk for suicide - Members receiving care from multiple clinics/agencies are at risk for poor hand-off care Airmen appear most at risk to commit suicide between Friday and Sunday On average, 1 out of every 3 Airmen (includes military and civilian employees of all ranks) is having a major life problem right now, but are not currently getting help for it

The art of observing those moral obligations and precepts that is appropriate to a person's role within the military profession is...

Military Ethics

The Three Os

Military ethics based upon egotism cannot function, but rather they must be rooted in three Os, which states that you must know who US Constitution, Air Force, Unit and what you owe; display proper ordering of ethical priorities and understand what you should, or ought to do.

the will to stand up for what is right, regardless of personal cost

Moral courage

Individuals Involved in a Sexual Assault

Most assaults-80%-are committed by an acquaintance, and often other people are involved in events that lead to an assault

Physical Exercise

Noncompetitive physical exercise, like aerobics, power walking, jogging, swimming, and bicycle riding have long been recommended by physicians as ways to deal with excessive stress levels. These forms of exercise increase heart capacity, lower at-rest heart rate, provide a mental diversion from work pressures, and offer a means to "let off steam."

Additionally, research conducted by supporting agencies found the following:

Northwestern National Life 40 percent of workers report their jobs as "very or extremely stressful" Families and Work Institute 26 percent of workers report they are "often or very often burned out or stressed by their work" Yale University 29 percent of workers report they feel "quite a bit or extremely stressed out at work"36 If these are some of the documented effects of stress on American industry and the civilian workforce, imagine the impact stress may have on you, your Airmen, and your organization. This reading assignment synthesizes the material contained in several different works for use by midlevel supervisors.

Fairness

Open-mindedness and impartiality are important aspects of fairness. Leaders must be committed to justice in the performance of their official duties. Decisions must not be uninformed, impulsive, or biased. Individuals must be treated equally and with tolerance.

Operational Stress

Operational stress occurs when there are changes in mental functioning or behavior during military operations other than war (e.g., humanitarian missions, rescue missions, natural disasters).

Ethical Values

Our Joint Ethics Directive, DODD 5500.7-r, Joint Ethics Regulation, states that ethics are standards by which one should act based on values. It defines values as core beliefs, like duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitudes and actions. It also explains that not all values are ethical (integrity is; happiness is not). Ethical values relate to what is right or wrong, therefore we are expected to consider them over nonethical values when making decisions.

Wellness Programs

Our final suggestion is to offer organizationally sanctioned and supported wellness programs. These programs focus on the individual's total physical and mental condition

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

PTSD is an anxiety disorder that may occur in an individual following exposure to a traumatic event. A traumatic event is anything the individual deems scary or horrible where they feel their or others' lives are in danger. The person may feel they have no control over the outcome of the situation

the observable action taken when faced with fear, pain, uncertainty, or danger.

Physical courage

Zero Tolerance Policy__

Places all employees on notice that threats, assaults, or other acts of violence, made directly or indirectly, even in jest, toward other employees or customers will result in severe disciplinary action. Employees subjected to a threat or assault must immediately report the incident to their commander. Employees are also encouraged to report any unusual situation that has the potential to cause workplace violence

Sitting with SSgt Roy, TSgt Ingram says, "You seem a little different since you returned from combat operations." Roy replies, "Lately, I feel anxious all the time...like I need to watch my back." Ingram adds, "I've also noticed that you don't play sports or take on challenging tasks anymore." Roy replies, "I couldn't care less about those things. Why take excessive risks? Besides, I don't have the energy I used to have because every time I try to sleep my mind replays graphic scenes from the last convoy. Aside from that, I think I'm handling it all pretty well." This scenario BEST illustrates ____________ and its impact on NCO effectiveness.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Educate

Prevent substance use abuse disorder by educating (and mentoring) Airmen on the negative consequences and dangers of excessive alcohol use, on the zero tolerance policy for drug abuse and role modeling responsible use of alcohol. Supervisors can also incorporate personal or relevant examples of substance misuse incidents into safety briefings. Another piece of education is to teach your Airmen early on about the local city, state and base laws and punishments relating to things like driving under the influence (DUI), driving while intoxicated (DWI), public intoxication, and alcohol related incidents. Some examples include but aren't limited to, loss of base driving privileges for a year, points on state driving license or even suspension of a state driver's license, court fees, jail time, loss of rank, etc.

Airman's Creed

Prprovides a tangible statement of beliefs that Airmen can hold most dear...it focuses on and identifies a spirit -- a warfighting ethos -- that transcends time from the past to the present and into the future, and it requires a pride in service and fosters a fighting-focused culture

Job Redesign

Redesigning jobs to give individuals more responsibility, greater participation in decision making, more meaningful work, more autonomy, and increased feedback can reduce stress because these factors provide greater control over work activities and lessen dependency on others. Note that when it comes to job design, not all individuals want enriched jobs

According to the trend data (table 1), what were the most prevalent problems associated with suicide?

Relationship problems, legal problems, financial problems, deployed in previous year, receiving psychological services

The US Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for PTSD lists four types of PTSD signs and symptoms:

Reliving the Event (Also Called Re-experiencing Symptoms, Avoiding Situations That Remind You of the Event, Feeling Numb, and Feeling Keyed up (Also Called Hyperarousal

What are the four types of PTSD signs?

Reliving the event, avoiding situations that remind you of the event, feeling numb, feeling keyed up.

What are some examples of how enlisted leaders can practice and advocate the de-glamorization of substance abuse?

Responsible drinking at social outings, ensure nonalcoholic drinks are also available, share consequences of risky behavior, don't promote alcohol drinking contests, don't promote drinking at all

What signals the start of the official duty day?

Reveille is the signal for the start of the official duty day.

Service before Self is also composed of nine ethical characteristics of an Air Force professional:

Rule following: Good professionals understand that rules have a reason for being, and their default behavior must be to follow those rules unless there is a clear, operational reason to refuse or deviate. Faith in the system :To lose faith in the system is to adopt the view that you know better than those you are expected to obey and support within the chain of command. In other words, losing faith in the system is to place self before service. Respect for Others: Airmen must place the welfare of their peers and subordinates ahead of their personal needs or comfort. Military professionals acknowledge that all people possess a fundamental worth as human beings. Communicating with tact is an element of respecting others. Self-Discipline: Service members are to continuously act with confidence, determination, and self-control to advance their self-development and maximize their contribution to the Air Force mission. Professionals refrain from openly displaying self-pity, discouragement, anger, frustration, or defeatism. Self-Control: Military professionals, especially those in command positions, are to refrain from displaying anger that discredits themselves and the Air Force. Airmen must exercise control in the areas of appetites and religious toleration. Appropriate Actions or Desires Attributed to a deep sense of honor, Airmen must refrain from actions that contribute to one's personal comforts or satisfy uncontrolled selfish appetites. Alcohol and drug abuse, sexual misconduct, unprofessional relationships, or other undisciplined behaviors are incompatible with military service and discredit the profession of arms. These behaviors also damage the trust of the American people. Tolerance Airmen must understand an organization is capable of achieving excellence when all members are encouraged to excel in a cooperative, accepting environment free from fear, unlawful discrimination, sexual harassment, intimidation, and unfair treatment. Loyalty Professionals are loyal to their leaders, fellow Airmen and the organization they serve and demonstrate allegiance to the Constitution, the chain of command that includes the President and Secretary of Defense, regardless of political affiliation.

To comply with this directive, there are five structured methods used to identify substance use disorders in the Air Force:

Self-Identification, Commander Referrals, Medical Identification, Substance-Related Incident, and Drug Testing

What are the five methods used by the Air Force to identify substance abuse?

Self-Identification, Commander referrals, Medical identification, Substance-related incidents, drug testing

What are the primary benefits of customs and courtesies?

Self-discipline and pride

Some of these benefits include:

Sense of Belonging: Being among people who truly care and accept you for who you are. Knowing you are not alone can go a long way toward coping with stress. Increased Sense of Self-Worth: Having people who consider you a friend reinforces the idea that you're a good person to be around. Feeling of Security: Your social network gives you access to information, advice, guidance and other types of assistance should you need them. It's comforting to know that you have people you can turn to in time of need.

Organizational Approaches

Several of the factors that cause stress—particular task and role demands, and organizational structure—are controlled by management. As such, they can be modified or changed. Strategies that management might want to consider include improved personnel selection and job placement, use of realistic goal setting, job redesign, improved organizational communication, and establishment of corporate wellness programs

How does the Air Force define Sexual Assault?

Sexual assault is intentional sexual contact, characterized by use of force, threats, intimidation, abuse of authority, or when the victim does not or cannot consent.

Ethical Dilemma

Situations where one is forced to choose between two alternatives (both alternatives can be unfavorable and/or less right and more right or less wrong and more wrong).

This type of wellness requires a support network consisting of family, friends, and coworkers and offers tremendous benefits for your health and wellness especially when dealing with difficult situations.

Social Health

In addition to the signs and symptoms listed above, PTSD can cause many other common problems in individuals

Some of those problems include drinking and drug problems, feeling hopeless, shame or despair, employment problems, relationship problems to include divorce and violence, and various physical symptoms.

This type of wellness determines one's ability to find comfort, meaning, and hope when faced with difficult and often tragic circumstances, allowing them to return to a state of psychological well-being.

Spiritual Health

Impact of Prevention

Substance misuse and abuse prevention has some far-reaching effects. It promotes responsible behavior patterns and an environment of open communication. There is less time spent on administrative actions, less physical and mental health-related expenses, and less lost duty time.

Psychological Symptoms

Stress can cause dissatisfaction. Job-related stress can cause job-related dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction in fact, is "the simplest and most obvious psychological effect from stress. However, stress shows itself in other psychological states; for instance, tension, anxiety, irritability, boredom, and procrastination.

From your reading, how would you define stress?

Stress is the bodies reaction to an external demand, the physical, mental, and emotional response to a situation.

The Air Force's approach to preventing substance misuse focuses on:

Substance misuse prevention, which is a collaborative effort shared among various agencies to include the mental health (ADAPT), drug demand reduction, and health promotions and includes Education Counseling Referral Follow-up

Observe Performance and Behavior

Supervisors must be aware of signs that may signal a problem with alcohol or drugs. By knowing your personnel, you have the most important supervisory tool for detecting problems.

What are the organizational factors that can cause stress?

Task Demands, role demands, interpersonal demands, organizational structure, and organizational leadership

AFI 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure

The Enlisted Force Structure outlines roles, responsibilities, and expectations for enlisted members in each enlisted tier and describes official terms of address for enlisted members

Reporting a Sexual Assault

The Department of Defense is serious about supporting victims of sexual assault. The original reporting policy created in 2005 was immediately adopted by the Air Force. Today the Air Force continues to support victims of sexual assaults. The original policy that created two options for reporting a sexual assault, Restricted and Unrestricted, was updated as of January 2012.

Sexual Assault Response Coordinator (SARC

The SARC is the first point of contact for reporting a sexual assault and is considered the center of gravity when it comes to issues of sexual assault. Starting in 2005, the SARC is responsible for education, victim support, and maintaining a volunteer staff of Victim Advocates. The SARC is located on your base or at the base that provides your support. The SARC is linked to helping agencies throughout the base and local area.

Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)

The UCMJ provides ethical guidance by clearly describing what is considered a crime in the military; thus, it promotes justices, assists in maintaining good order and discipline, and promotes efficiency and effectiveness in the military establishment, thereby strengthening the national security of the United States

Wingman Philosophy

The Wingman philosophy impacts a wide range of Air Force issues including effective: - Suicide awareness and prevention - Sexual assault response and prevention - Domestic violence intervention and prevention - Workplace violence intervention and prevention - Substance abuse intervention and prevention - Financial management - Responsible decision-making and behavior in all phases of our lives

Systemic Discrimination

The action by an institution (or system) that, through its policies or procedures, deprives a person or group of a right because of color, national origin, race, religion, or sex. Such discrimination can occur overtly, covertly, intentionally, or unintentionally

Systemic Discrimination

The action by an institution that, through its policies or procedures, deprives a person or group of a right because of color, national origin, race, religion, or sex.

Values

The core beliefs we hold regarding what is right and fair in terms of our actions and our interactions with others; what individuals believe to be of worth and importance to their life. Do not confuse personal values with military core values

Ethical Codes of Conduct

The ethical codes of conduct listed below are widely accepted by the Air Force. These help NCOs make proper ethical decisions when faced with various ethical dilemmas or issues. These codes make it possible to act and behave in an ethical manner in any situation.

Everyone in the Air Force must make decisions. What are the three qualities individuals must possess to make ethical decisions?

The first is the ability to recognize ethical issues and to reason through the ethical consequences of decision, while being able to see second and third order effects. The second is the ability to look at alternative points of view, deciding what is right in a particular set of circumstances. The third is the ability to deal with ambiguity and uncertainty; making a decision on the best information available.

Training:

The following topics are considered essential for supervisors to help them create a workplace environment in which violent outbursts may be less likely to occur. When leadership is knowledgeable about these issues they can be confident that their workplace is equipped to prevent, defuse or respond to violence. a. Establish Clear Policies: Zero tolerance for violence, including intimidation through verbal or physical means and require a 100% reporting policy for all incidents. b. Give Members a Voice: Promote communication channels that keep members from feeling helpless and helps resolve conflict. Establish an atmosphere where individuals know they can, without fear of retaliation, approach you for complaint resolution. Remember, a smoldering pot will always boil over. c. Stress Management: The old mind set saw expressions of stress, depression, marital problems, decreased morale, and productivity as signs of individual failure. Today, we know that seeking help for these issues is strength not a weakness. As leaders we must ensure our Air Force family is aware of and takes advantage of all support/resources possible to help decrease stress. d. Marital/relationship counseling: Military supervisors at all levels often expect members to leave their personal problems at the front door. However, quality of life surveys consistently tell us that our people work (and fight) their best when they know their loved ones are taken care of back home. Therefore, it is incumbent on us to provide all available resources to our people to preserve their marital or intimate relationships. e. Alcohol/Drug Abuse: Because supervisors are "key" to identifying potential abusers and in reducing possible violence in the workplace, it is paramount that NCOs understand alcoholism, drug abuse, and other destructive behaviors. f. Diversity Training and Conflict Resolution: Differences are critical if new ideas and new procedures are to be generated in our ever-changing society. However, some workplace violence stems from misunderstanding or outright prejudice. Leaders must tap into the myriad of training available to educate our work force on diversity and conflict resolution. g. Reducing Risk When Taking Disciplinary Action: Discipline often becomes a trigger event to violence or retaliation. Always use effective counseling principles when taking disciplinary action. It is especially important to remember that the true purpose of disciplinary action is rehabilitative rather than punitive. Nevertheless, there are times when termination of employment becomes necessary. In light of the increasing threat of employment-related violence, consider the following when dealing with members being involuntarily separated Be sensitive to the fact that involuntary separation is highly stressful to most people Give separation notices at the end-of-the-day Escort individuals from the location of the termination meeting to the exit of the installation If members are allowed to clean out their desk, room, office, etc, ensure they do so in your presence members' potential for violence. 4. Evaluation: Units should have in place a mechanism to evaluate what took place to determine if everything was done that could have been done to prevent the incident and to determine what can be done to prevent it from happening again. Always include threat assessment and emergency response teams as part of this process.

Progressive Professionalism(P2)

The goal of P2 is for all members of the profession of arms to consider where they believe they are in their professionalism and commitment and strive to progress toward the right side of the above continuum. Direction, Discipline, and Recognition (DDR) and Self-Development are two concepts that support P2

Workplace Violence Awareness Team (WVAT

The good news is you do not have to go it alone when dealing with actual or potential workplace violence. Most bases have a Workplace Violence Awareness Team (WVAT) dedicated to helping us prevent workplace violence and, when necessary, helping you handle the situation during and after an event.

Drug Abuse:

The illegal, wrongful, or improper use, possession, sale, transfer, or introduction onto a military installation of any drug defined in this instruction.

The Enlisted Force Structure (AFI 36-2618) states that NCOs must understand the institutional competencies

The institutional competency of "Embodying the Airman Culture" includes the sub-competency of "Warrior Ethos." An NCOs responsibility to that sub-competency is to "realize how all Airmen contribute to the military mission." Airmen must realize that without the function they perform our AF, DOD, and nation cannot be holistically effective.

Substance-Related Incident

The majority of members who enter ADAPT are identified because of an alcohol-related incident. The commander will refer the member to ADAPT after notification in such instances that law enforcement or other disciplinary authority becomes involved. Commanders will direct drug testing within 24 hours of suspected alcohol-related incidents, misconduct, episodes of bizarre or aberrant behavior, or where there is a reason to suspect drug use and the member refuses to provide testing consent.

Human Relations Climate

The prevailing perceptions of individuals concerning interpersonal relationships within their working, living, and social environment

Referral Agencies/Treatment Programs

The primary purpose of the Air Force Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment Program (ADAPT).31 Is to: Promote readiness and health and wellness through the prevention and treatment of substance misuse and abuse Minimize the negative consequences of substance misuse abuse to the individual, family, and organization Provide comprehensive education and treatment to individuals who experience problems attributed to substance misuse and abuse Return identified substance abusers to unrestricted duty status or to assist them in their transition to civilian life, as appropriate

Workplace Bullying:

The repeated, unreasonable, and unwanted actions by individuals or groups directed at individuals or groups with the intent to intimidate, harass, degrade, or offend

Workplace Bullying__

The repeated, unreasonable, and unwanted actions by individuals or groups directed at individuals or groups with the intent to intimidate, harass, degrade, or offend.

What is the twofold purpose of a Retreat ceremony?

The retreat ceremony signals the end of the official duty day and serves as a ceremony for paying respect to the flag.

Equal Opportunity

The right of all persons to participate in, and benefit from, programs and activities for which they are qualified. These programs and activities shall be free from social, personal, or institutional barriers that prevent people from rising to the highest level of responsibility possible. Persons shall be evaluated on individual merit, fitness, and capability, regardless of race, color, sex, national origin, or religion.

Individual Factors

The typical individual works about 40 hours a week. The experiences and problems that people encounter in those other 128 non-work hours each week can spill over to the job. Our final category encompasses factors that comprise the individual's personal life. Primarily, this focuses on family and personal economic problems. National surveys consistently show that people hold family and personal relationships dear. Marital difficulties, the breaking off of a relationship, and discipline troubles with children are examples of relationship problems that create stress for individuals. These problems aren't left at the front door when they arrive at work

What characteristic distinguishes the Profession of Arms from all other professions?

The unlimited liability clause

Substance Use Abuse Disorder:

The use of any illicit drug or the misuse of any prescribed medication or the abuse of alcohol. "Abuse" refers to any pattern of unconventional misuse of any substance for non-medical purposes that produces a known health risk or constitutes a danger to self or others

How does the Air Force define substance abuse?

The use of any illicit drug, the misuse of any prescribed medication, or the abuse of alcohol. Any substandard behavior or performance in which the consumption of alcohol is a primary contributing factor. Any pattern of unconventional misuse of any substance for nonmedical purposes that produces a known health risk or constitutes a danger to self or others.

Role of Leadership

There is no simple way to deal with the death of a unit member. Leaders should enlist help from a variety of sources such as the chaplain's office, Life Skills Support Center (LSSC), and Casualty Affairs. Consult with the TSR team chief as to what services may be appropriate. In the case of a suicide, the grief experienced by people close to the victim can be especially complex. The general goals of post-suicide intervention are to help friends and colleagues understand and begin the grieving process, to help maintain mission readiness, full functioning and morale, and to identify/refer individuals who are at increased risk for distress

Physical Security Measures:

These include reducing the number of exterior entrances, adding entry control devices and panic buttons (alarm indicators to alert security), and periodic physical security surveys. Other actions include using an internal rumor control "hot line" to reduce stress and use of local resource protection/crime prevention specialist for training, education, and evaluation.

AFI 36-2909, Professional and Unprofessional Relationships

This AFI establishes command, supervisory and personal responsibilities for maintaining professional relationships between AF Members and civilian employees of the Department of Defense, to include AF civilian employees, and between AF members and government contractors.

Stage Two:

This is the "impact" stage where unit members may feel a variety of intense emotion, including anger, rage, fear, terror, grief, sorrow, confusion, helplessness, guilt, depression, or withdrawal. This stage may last a few days, a few weeks, or even a few months.

Stage Three:

This is the "reconciliation stage" in which unit members try to make sense out of the event, understand its impact, and through trial and error reach closure of the event so it does not interfere with their ability to function and grow. This stage may be a long-term process.

Drug Testing

This is the overarching umbrella for the substance misuse and abuse program. Testing occurs for a variety of reasons: probable cause, random selection, voluntary consent, command directed, self-identification, and rehabilitation. The intent of this program is to deter and detect illicit drug use.

Threat Assessment Protocol

This protocol provides a meaningful line of inquiry to help collect information after learning of a possible threat of violence. Use it to guide your assessment of the potential threat and to help predict future violence (further threats or actions).

Since 1956, popular culture has wholeheartedly embraced the concept of stress

Today, the cultural meaning of stress often overpowers its actual definition. Some see stress as an excuse, a state of mind, a marketing tool, and even a physiological phenomenon. Stress and its noted effects tend to become more visible when events and situations become uncontrollable. Modern-day stress has become a classification, personification, and for many a diagnosis to justify a problem. Stress is an unavoidable consequence of life for people, and for some, can be enough to drive them over the edge to points of no return.

Victim Witness Assistance Program (VWAP Liaison

VWAP liaisons are individuals (medical or mental health care provider, judge advocate, paralegal, or other appropriate person) who assist a victim during the military justice process. A liaison is also responsible for making contact between victims and service agencies and arranging for those services, when appropriate.

Victim Advocate

Victim Advocates are individuals who are specially trained to support victims of sexual assault. They are not counselors and are not part of the legal or law enforcement agencies. Instead, they are volunteers whose main purpose is to provide support to a sexual assault victim and to help them get the care that they need.

TYPE 3:

Violence against coworkers, supervisors, or managers by a present or former employee.

The Bottom Line

We do not prevent suicides in the hospital emergency room; we prevent them in the Unit by addressing quality of life concerns on a daily basis. Suicide is a major concern for the Air Force. The simple fact that 1 out of every 3 Airmen is having a major life problem right now, and is not currently getting help for it, is reason enough for every NCO to be an active participant in suicide prevention. Figure

Physical Health

What does it mean to be "physically ready?" Physical fitness is defined as, "a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity." In other words, it is more than being able to run a mile and a half or lift a lot of weight. Being fit physically requires you to focus on five specific components: Cardio Respiratory Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Body Composition, and Flexibility.

Overconfidence:

When one responds to a workplace violence incident with an "I can handle it" attitude when the right thing to do is consult with professional help

Overconfidence__

When one responds to a workplace violence incident with an "I can handle it" attitude when the right thing to do is consult with professional help

Selection and Placement

While certain jobs are more stressful than others, individuals often differ in their responses to stressful situations. We know, for example, that people with little experience, an external locus of control, or Type A behavior tend to be more prone to stress. These facts should be taken into consideration when making decisions concerning personnel selection and placement.

Who is at fault?

While there are things one can do to reduce the risk of sexual assault, most of which are the same things we do to ensure our physical safety, the victim is never to blame.

What is the relationship between the AF Core Values and Airmanship?

Your response should center on: The Air Force Core Values are what we stand for, how we live our lives, and how we lead others. As Airmen, we must embrace these beliefs, traditions, values, principles, and techniques of our profession, hence encompassing Airmanship. Airmanship embodies the Air Force Core Values

In your own words, explain the significance of the oath of enlistment.

Your response should center on: The oath of enlistment is the commitment that starts our career. Its significance is different for each of us and we all raise our right hand for different reasons, but the oath of enlistment brings us all together because the promise is the same, to defend our constitution from all enemies.

Explain the relationship between warrior ethos and the Air Force Core Values.

Your response should center on: The relationship between Warrior ethos and the Air Force Core Values is that they both contain very similar characteristics of one another. The Core Value of Integrity speaks to moral and physical courage, military/executive bearing, and self-discipline and self-control that stems from Warrior Ethos. Service Before Self touches on our hardiness of spirit to persevere despite any physical and mental hardships. Finally, Excellence in All We Do requires us to continuously hone our skills and seek opportunities that will develop/enhance decision-making abilities under pressure or in combat situations, which enable us to develop the confidence, judgment, courage, and integrity to perform.

Facilitators are

are people who enable, encourage, or create situations or environments that allow perpetrators to act. They may also fail to stop someone else; even though they know an attack is possible

Interpersonal demands

are pressures created by other individuals. Lack of social support from coworkers and poor interpersonal relationships can cause considerable stress, especially among individuals with a high social need.

Integrity

being faithful to one's convictions is part of integrity. Following principles, acting with honor, maintaining independent judgment and performing duties with impartiality help to maintain integrity and avoid conflicts of interest and hypocrisy.

Integrity First

exemplifies the willingness to do what is right even when no one is looking. Doing this will set the right example and earn the respect of subordinates and superiors alike. The moral traits (courage, honesty, responsibility, accountability, justice, openness, self-respect, and humility) of integrity combine to form a moral compass for the military professional

Recently promoted, SSgt Dooney is well respected and liked throughout the work center. Although he is in charge, he still desires to have the same relationship with his former peers, so he makes decisions based on their desires. As a result, the work center has missed several important deadlines and Dooney is having a hard time getting people to accomplish even the simplest mission related tasks. SSgt Dooney's actions BEST illustrate

falling for an ethical trap

As SSgt Conklin conducts his ORI preparation meeting, SrA Watt stumbles in late. After the meeting, Conklin asks Watt, "Have you been drinking?" Watt replies, "I didn't get home until early this morning from a party. Maybe I have had a little too much to drink." Conklin replies, "Watt, your actions are in violation of the standards. Let's go see the first sergeant." SSgt Conklin's _________ will MOST likely __________ his effectiveness.

inappropriate substance abuse intervention; decrease

Unlawful discrimination

includes discrimination based on color, national origin, race, religion, or sex that is not otherwise authorized by law or regulation

unlawful discrimination

includes discrimination based on color, national origin, race, religion, or sex.

Perceived Burdensomeness

is a sense that, "I am a burden to others, I do not contribute to the group, and I am a liability to the group's well-being or safety."

Thwarted Belongingness

is a sense that, "I have no connection to others and those previously meaningful relationships that I did have been strained beyond recovery or lost outright."

Drive for Success

making decisions based on a "win at all cost" attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct.

Ethical Relativism

making decisions based on personal values/beliefs rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct.

Unrestricted

not confidential, all personal, law enforcement investigation, command involvement

Consider this list of Do's and Don'ts as a guide for you and your personnel:

pg 160

We will examine the following areas:

potential sources of stress, consequences of stress, and stress management strategies

Role demands

relate to pressures placed on a person as a function of the particular role he or she plays in the organization. Role conflicts create expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy. An individual experiences role overload when time does not permit him or her to complete all assigned tasks. Role ambiguity occurs when the individual is not sure what his or her role expectations are

"Consent"

shall not be deemed or construed to mean the failure by the victim to offer physical resistance. Consent is not given when a person uses force, threat of force, coercion, or when the victim is asleep, incapacitated, or unconscious

A1C Royce works at the base chapel. Over the last week, Royce has been late three times. This morning he strolls in a half hour late and as his supervisor presents him with paperwork, he asks, "Why can't you come in on time? I need you here to take care of phone calls and our visitors, especially first thing in the morning." Royce replies, "As chapel assistants, we don't actually counsel people or make a difference, so what's the big deal if I'm a few minutes late? Besides, you know my wife just gave me divorce papers, I could use a little understanding from you while I get through this trying time in my life." A1C Royce's initial comments BEST illustrate a failure to understand _______ impact on mission effectiveness.

the profession of arms and its

AFI 44-121 as "a type of conduct of offenses that is a breach of discipline. This can include, but is not limited to

• driving while intoxicated (DWI) • driving under the influence (DUI) • domestic disturbances • aberrant behavior, altercations, or underage drinking • other behavior inconsistent with Air Force standards The term also includes problem drinker, alcohol abuser, or diagnosed alcohol dependent categories.