Amendments 2-27

The 11th Amendment has been interpreted several ways over the ensuing two centuries. The first and broadest interpretation shields states from being ______ in federal court without their _____. Subsequent rulings have chipped away at state sovereign community. For example, ________ or ________ of state governments can be sued, and _______ can explicitly revoke state sovereign immunity through legislation.

-shields states from being sued in federal court without their consent - officers or agencies - Congress

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

10th amendment

"The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State."

11th amendment

"Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

13th amednment

the 24th amendment takes away the

15th amendment

Ratified in 1971, the 26th Amendment lowered the voting age across the US to ____, largely in response to student activism against the ______ War. -you shoulnt have the power to be drafted if u can't vote

18 -vietnam

how many senators

2

if president is unfit medically, psychologically, then they need a ____ vote from congress

2/3's

what amendment repeals the 18th

21st

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

4th amendment

"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

5th amendment

why was amendment 3 made

A response to a widely-hated phenomenon during the Revolutionary War

what was the 12th amendment a result of

Adams and Jefferson

the 13th amendment was adopted in 1865 by

Congressional Republicans and state legislatures

what does amendment 2 mean today

In the two centuries since, the 2nd Amendment has been broadly interpreted as an individual right to bear arms, but with state limitations permitted.

why was amendment 2 first proposed

Initially conceived as an answer to the national security needs of the 18th century, which relied heavily on citizen militias

The 25th Amendment, ratified in 1967 as a response to the _______ assassination, details the Presidential line of _______, and includes provisions for the incapacity of the President to discharge the duties of the office. If the President, or the Vice-President and majority of the cabinet, determine that the President is incapable of serving, written notice is given to the _____ and President pro Tempore of the _______, and the Vice-President becomes Acting President until the President gives written notice that he/she is capable of serving. There have been two Acting Presidents: George H.W. Bush and Dick Cheney

Kennedy -sucession -speaker and senate

what does the 4th amendment protect

The Fourth Amendment protects Americans' basic privacy rights

when did the 3rd amendment become an issue

The Third Amendment became a substantial issue during the Civil War, although because it was legally the suppression of insurrection the Third Amendment did not apply

The 17th Amendment, ratified in 1913, provided for the direct election of ____ ________ by the people of the states that they represent, replacing the previous method of appointing Senators by vote of state legislatures. The Amendment also allows states to fill __________ using their own methods, meaning acting Senators can be elected or appo

US Senators -fill vacancies

what is an exception to the 4th amendment

Unless legal authorities have probable cause of illegal activity

if prez dies ____ takes his spot

VP

the 25th amendment states that _____ succeeds the president if the president dies, impeached

VP

what did the 13th amendment do

abolish slavery section 1: no slavery except as punishment for crimes section 2: congress has power to enforce it

The 24th Amendment, ratified in 1962, was an early triumph of the _________ Movement. It bolstered the voting rights provisions of the 15th Amendment by stripping ______ of the power to disenfranchise or disincentivize black voters

african american civil rights -states

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed

amendment 2

"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

amendment 3

"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence."

amendment 6

"In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law."

amendment 7

"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."

amendment 8

"The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

amendment 9

The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from ______ arrest and ensures that people may not be compelled to testify against ________.

arbitrary themselves

A Constitutional catch-all, the Ninth Amendment protects implied rights left unstated by the _____ of ______ or subsequent amendments. It is a constraint against action by the ________, protecting rights that have either yet to be enunciated or explicitly defended by legislative act, court order, or Constitutional amendment.

bill of rights -government

The 11th Amendment was a reaction against the Supreme Court ruling ________ v. ________, which allowed a private citizen from South Carolina to sue Georgia over unpaid Revolutionary War contracts

chisholm v. georgia

states must extend Constitutional rights to ______

citizens (Birthright)

The Seventh Amendment extends the right to trial by jury into the realm of ________ _________ (lawsuit). The Seventh Amendment also ensures that the findings of a civil jury are ______ and cannot be _________ except as is laid out by law (i.e. appeals may only go through proper channels).

civil proceedings -final -overturned

amendment 12 is ________ as f****

confusing

"__________________" is a nebulous term that has shifted over two centuries due to evolving standards of decency.

cruel and unusual punishment

Today, the doctrine of cruel and unusual punishment has been at the root of challenges to the _____ ________ and life without parole for ________ ________, the mentally ill and disabled, and other legal petitioners

death penalty -juvenile offenders

has something to do with ___ ceiling ; president can raise it without approval of ______

debt Congress

amendment 12 says that the president and vp are elected by ________ ________ as a package

electoral college

Those rights explicitly detailed by the Constitution are _________ rights; those that are not explicitly detailed are considered _______ and still possessed by the American people.

enumerated unenumerated

empowers _______ courts to decide constitutionality

federal

10th amendment states that those powers not explicitly given to the ______ government (the enumerated powers of the Articles) or explicitly forbidden the states (conducting foreign policy, coining money, etc.) are assumed to belong to the states and/or the people.

federal (states) -unless the constitution says that states cannot do ________ they can do it

The Tenth Amendment undergirds the American system of _________ or states' rights

federalism

what did the 19th amendment do

gave women the right to vote ; no discrimination based on sex

what does amendment 2 gives rights to

gun ownership

In 1913, the 16th Amendment was passed, giving government the right to tax ______ directly. Income taxes had been levied in the past (typically during crises like the Civil War), but the ratification of the 16th Amendment gave the federal government a more stable and broader base of revenue than previous sources like tariffs and imposts.

income

the 20th amendment states that new term begins

jan 20th at noon

The 20th Amendment, ratified in 1933, was meant to prevent lengthy "_______ ________" sessions of the Presidency and Congress, as had happened in previous national emergencies like the Civil War and the worst stretch of the Great Depression in 1932-33.

lame duck

16th amendment has the rights to _____ income taxes; provide a government with stable base of ____ for its areas

levy (whatever that means) -funds

the 18th amendment bans

manufacture, sale, transportation, and importation of alcohol

what things had alc in it

medicines and poison substances

is the validity of debt questioned?

no

23rd amendment:

no representation of DC in elections

The Eighth Amendment limits the range of _______ that the government can impose in criminal proceedings.

penalties

if the VP dies ________ selects a new one to be approved by congress

president

if they aren't qualified VP becomes _____ until it gets thrown to Congress

president

14th amendment states that there is equal ___ for all US citizens

protection

The Fifth Amendment affords _________ against self-incriminatio= and guarantees basic ________ __________ rights.

protections habeus corpus due process

Ratified in 1992 (despite being originally proposed in 1789!), the 27th amendment prevents Congress from voting itself a pay _____ or _______ until the next Congress is seated after an election.

raise, decrease

22nd amendment was a result of

roosevelt vs trumen

if president is under anesthesia, for example, president pro tempore of the ____ and the ____ of the house are acting presidents

senate and the speaker of the house

The 15th Amendment explicitly prevents states from denying voting rights to people who were formerly ______ or on the basis of _____ ________. The 15th Amendment forced Southern states to resort to other methods like _______ tests and _____ taxes to suppress black voters during the Jim Crow era.

slaves -skin color -literacy -poll

" The 11th Amendment clarifies the principle of _______ __________ immunity: the idea that states cannot be sued without their consent

state sovereign

what was the 19th amendment a correction of

the 15th

what does amendment 3 state

the Third Amendment protected the rights of American homeowners, stipulated that soldiers shall not be stationed in private residences during peacetime, and only with appropriate legislation during the war.

What happens if no one gets a majority vote? who choses the president? and who chooses the VP? what does this ensure?

the house chooses the president and the senate chooses the VP -ensures that the President and VP have the same political view

Ratified in 1960, the 23rd Amendment provides _____electoral votes for Washington, DC, but does not provide _____________ representation.

three congressional

The Sixth Amendment guarantees a speedy ______ by jury for criminal prosecutions, to be conducted in the ______or ________ where the offense was committed. It guarantees defendants the right to see the _________ presented against them and to defend themselves.

trial -state or district -evidence

The 22nd Amendment, ratified in 1951, limits an elected President to ____ terms in office, and limits a succeeding Vice-President to a maximum of ______ years. When ratified, incumbent Harry S Truman was exempted, but declined to run due to low approval ratings

two ten- with half the term remaining

what happens if you were already in term at the time this amendment was passed?

u didn't need to face voters

Legal searches and seizures require _______ or equivalent ________ _________; incriminating evidence acquired in contravention of the Fourth Amendment is generally inadmissable in court.

warrants; court orders

can u consume alc if u have it

yeah

amendment 9 says

you have unenumerated rights beyond the Constitution until courts decided you do not (i.e. abortion)