AMERICAN GOV - CHAPTER 18 Domestic Policy

B. disincentive.

A government policy that discourages particular behavior, such as a tax on pollution, is also known as a(n) A. incentive. B. disincentive. C. compromise. D. regulation. E. permissive.

D. many women are forced to leave the full-time work force to become heads of household.

A major cause of the feminization of poverty is that A. women do not have marketable work skills. B. most federal welfare programs are geared toward men. C. passage of the Equal Rights Amendment removed many welfare programs created specifically for women. D. many women are forced to leave the full-time work force to become heads of household. E. on average, women have less education than men.

D. public policy

A(n) __________ is a general plan of action adopted by government to solve a social problem, counter a threat, or pursue an objective. A. program evaluation B. agenda C. issue network D. public policy E. plan of action

C. laboratories

American federalism is often praised because the states can be like fifty _________ for developing policy. A. entrepreneurs B. schools C. laboratories D. nations E. multinational corporations

E. All of the above are true.

Among those who are less likely to have health insurance are A. young people. B. African Americans. C. Hispanics. D. families with incomes under $50,000 E. All of the above are true.

D. Options B and C are true.

An example of the modern dilemma of government is the A. growth of the U.S. military state after World War II. B. government taxing some citizens to redistribute income from rich to poor. C. the expansion of government social welfare programs. D. Options B and C are true. E. Options A, B, and C are true.

D. entitlements.

Benefits to which every eligible person has a legal right and that the government cannot deny are called A. means-tested benefits. B. public assistance. C. social security. D. entitlements. E. guaranteed policies.

C. 25 percent

By 1933, __________ of all Americans were unemployed. A. 5 percent B. 10 percent C. 25 percent D. 50 percent E. 32 percent

C. E-Verify.

Concerning the controversy over illegal immigration, several states are requiring employers to check their workers' residency status using a federal program known as A. the Arizona Model. B. the Commerce Model. C. E-Verify. D. the Real ID Model. E. None of the above is true.

D. Options B and C are true.

Critics of the No Child Left Behind Act argued that its emphasis on testing would mean that A. urban school districts would end up with more money. B. teachers would "teach to the test" and ignore subjects that were not tested. C. the federal government would fail to provide sufficient funds to help schools meet the law's standards. D. Options B and C are true. E. None of the above is true.

A. libertarians; conservatives

Decriminalization of currently illegal drugs would be favored by _________ and opposed by __________. A. libertarians; conservatives B. communitarians; liberals C. liberals; libertarians D. conservatives; liberals E. libertarians; liberals

E. California and Oregon

Frustrated by a lack of federal government action, __________ passed laws requiring manufacturers to add a bitter-tasting ingredient to their antifreeze to prevent small children from being poisoned. A. Alaska and Montana B. Michigan and Ohio C. Florida and Alabama D. Iowa and New Hampshire E. California and Oregon

C. been pleased with

Generally, state leaders have __________ the reforms that came with TANF. A. objected to and rarely complied with B. objected to and called for the repeal of C. been pleased with D. altered and erased E. failed to implement

B. social welfare programs.

Government programs designed to provide the basic living conditions necessary for all citizens are called A. charitable programs. B. social welfare programs. C. discretionary spending. D. disability programs. E. subsistence aid programs

D. Options B and C are true.

Health insurance providers have become increasingly concerned with the amount of risk they assume by providing insurance, and as a result have A. supported a government takeover of the health care industry. B. become more interested in covering healthy people who most likely need less care. C. become less interested in covering people with a preexisting condition. D. Options B and C are true. E. None of the above is true.

E. automatic increases in Social Security payments.

In 1968, the Republican Party platform included support for A. cutting Social Security benefits for existing retirees. B. the repeal of Social Security. C. the repeal of Medicare. D. Options B and C are true. E. automatic increases in Social Security payments.

B. 18 percent

In 2010, public and private spending on health care reached about __________ of the economy. A. 25 percent B. 18 percent C. 12 percent D. 7 percent E. 3 percent

D. $22,314.

In 2010, the official U.S. poverty threshold for a family of four was a cash income below A. $8,506. B. $11,312. C. $17,814. D. $22,314. E. $29,378.

D. 9

In 2011, there were 2.9 workers for every Social Security beneficiary; in 1955, there were __________ workers for every beneficiary. A. 43 B. 35 C. 15 D. 9 E. 4

A. made poverty more attractive by removing incentives to work.

In the wake of President Johnson's Great Society programs, critics of social welfare spending argued that antipoverty policies A. made poverty more attractive by removing incentives to work. B. would be more successful if they were provided with better funding. C. are only as good as the agencies that administer them. D. fail because of bureaucratic cultures that oppose them. E. would achieve most of their goals, given the proper amount of time to work.

C. from the federal government, so that it will be uniform nationwide.

Most industries prefer not to be regulated, but when regulation becomes inevitable, they usually prefer that it come A. in the form of both state and national regulations. B. from the states so that it will be adapted to local conditions. C. from the federal government, so that it will be uniform nationwide. D. from cities and counties. E. from within affected groups.

B. the funding is set to a fixed amount and does not change in response to increased need.

One difficulty with the block grant funding program set up by TANF is A. individual states lack discretion for how to spend the money. B. the funding is set to a fixed amount and does not change in response to increased need. C. the rate of increase in funding is indexed to the federal poverty level, not inflation. D. it does not include safeguards against employer discrimination of former welfare recipients. E. the federal government continues to centralize and regulate the job training of TANF recipients.

A. there is no guarantee that all relevant interests are represented within them.

One major criticism of issue networks is that A. there is no guarantee that all relevant interests are represented within them. B. individuals move rapidly among several different policy subsystems. C. members of the subsystem lack expertise in their fields. D. the number of groups involved in each subsystem is declining. E. members of one group often hinder policymaking by attempting to defeat another group's policy.

A. hospital insurance; physicians' fees

Part A of Medicare pays for _________; Part B of Medicare pays for __________. A. hospital insurance; physicians' fees B. physicians' fees; prescription drugs C. nursing homes; hospital insurance D. prescription drugs; nursing homes E. prescription drugs; hospital insurance

E. All of the above are true.

President Obama's Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted in 2010 A. allowed Americans under age 26 to remain on their parents' health plans. B. prohibited insurance companies from denying Americans coverage based on pre-existing conditions. C. raised philosophical debates about whether government had the authority to require people to buy insurance. D. raised debates about tradeoffs between economic liberty and equality. E. All of the above are true.

D. state and local governments.

President Reagan argued that instead of the federal government being responsible for guaranteeing the economic and social well-being of less fortunate citizens, such responsibility should be borne more by A. the affluent. B. American corporations. C. international charities. D. state and local governments. E. None of the above is true.

A. Ronald Reagan

President __________ abolished several social welfare programs, shifting the emphasis from economic equality to economic freedom. A. Ronald Reagan B. Jimmy Carter C. Bill Clinton D. John F. Kennedy E. Barack Obama

E. George W. Bush

President __________ passed the Medicare drug program expanding welfare benefits for seniors. A. Franklin D. Roosevelt B. Lyndon B. Johnson C. Ronald Reagan D. Bill Clinton E. George W. Bush

E. George W. Bush

President __________ proposed that individual workers be allowed to invest their own Social Security payroll taxes in the stock market. A. Franklin D. Roosevelt B. Lyndon B. Johnson C. Ronald Reagan D. Bill Clinton E. George W. Bush

B. 16

Roughly ___________ percent of Americans have no health insurance. A. 5 B. 16 C. 30 D. 40 E. 53

A. distributive policy.

Say the government provides $45,000 to a folk life festival in Nevada; this would be an example of a A. distributive policy. B. redistributional policy. C. public assistance policy. D. social welfare policy. E. None of the above is true.

C. today's workers support today's program beneficiaries.

Social Security is referred to as a pay-as-you-go system, meaning that A. the United States government borrows the proceeds to pay recipients. B. the system must be reappropriated by Congress each year. C. today's workers support today's program beneficiaries. D. all workers in effect pay for their own retirement by a mandatory process of savings. E. any surpluses from the Social Security system go back into the government's general revenue.

E. Options A, B, and C are true.

Social Security is social insurance that provides economic assistance to people faced with A. unemployment. B. disability. C. old age. D. Options A and C are true. E. Options A, B, and C are true.

C. Great Depression, the New Deal, and the Great Society.

Social welfare policy in the United States today has been significantly shaped by the A. Progressive era and World War I. B. Civil War and the Progressive era. C. Great Depression, the New Deal, and the Great Society. D. Jacksonian Revolution and the Civil War. E. Era of Good Feelings.

B. redistributional policy.

Suppose a state decides to reduce tax credits for low-income workers in order to finance tax cuts for businesses and corporations; this would be an example of a A. distributive policy. B. redistributional policy. C. public assistance policy. D. social welfare policy. E. None of the above is true.

B. issue definition.

Suppose the American people believe that all policy problems can be solved by different market approaches, and government regulation is therefore unnecessary; such a conception is an example of A. agenda setting. B. issue definition. C. policy formulation. D. incentives. E. fragmentation.

D. Options A and B are true.

The Economic Opportunity Act provided federal assistance to the states for job training A. College work-study programs. B. Summer employment for high school and college students. C. Job training for seniors eligible for Social Security. D. Options A and B are true. E. None of the above is true.

D. economically disadvantaged children.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provided national government aid to local school districts in order to improve the education of A. legally segregated public schools. B. foreign students. C. functionally illiterate adults. D. economically disadvantaged children. E. None of the above is true.

C. poverty became more concentrated in rural and inner city areas.

The Johnson administration's promise to end poverty in a decade did not come to pass, and critics who claimed President Johnson's War on Poverty failed based their assessments on the fact that A. the states had too much control over the Great Society programs. B. taxes were increased on the poor to pay for the Great Society programs. C. poverty became more concentrated in rural and inner city areas. D. poverty rates increased nationwide. E. None of the above is true.

D. Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The New Deal occurred under President A. Theodore Roosevelt. B. Woodrow Wilson. C. Herbert Hoover. D. Franklin D. Roosevelt. E. Lyndon B. Johnson.

A. a universal health-care system.

The United States is the only major industrialized nation without A. a universal health-care system. B. social insurance programs. C. entitlement programs. D. public assistance for needy children. E. unemployment benefits for single mothers.

C. 67.

The age at which the full benefits of social security can be paid to an individual born in 1960 or later is A. 60. B. 65. C. 67. D. 77. E. 75.

D. equality.

The central value underlying Lyndon Johnson's Great Society was A. freedom. B. democracy. C. order. D. equality. E. independence.

E. western Europe; eastern Europe and Asia

The concept of an "illegal immigrant" emerged in 1924 when the United States passed immigration legislation favoring immigration from __________ and limiting immigration from __________. A. eastern Europe and Asia; Latin America B. western Europe; Latin America C. Latin America; southern and eastern Europe and Asia D. Latin America; Africa E. western Europe; eastern Europe and Asia

D. $110,000 of wages earned.

The current Social Security tax is assessed at a rate of 6.2 percent on the wages workers earn in 2012 up to A. whatever amount the worker earns. B. $250,000 of wages earned. C. $1 million of wages earned. D. $110,000 of wages earned. E. None of the above is true.

D. over half

The disabled and the elderly account for __________ of Medicaid expenditures. A. five percent B. fifteen percent C. twenty five percent D. over half E. seventy five percent

D. workers' compensation.

The first example of social insurance in the United States was A. Aid to Families with Dependent Children. B. health care for the elderly. C. health care for the poor. D. workers' compensation. E. disability benefits.

B. allow illegal immigrants brought to the United States as children to become eligible for legalized status.

The national DREAM Act would A. provide federal college tuition aid to illegal immigrants who are accepted to colleges and universities. B. allow illegal immigrants brought to the United States as children to become eligible for legalized status. C. make illegal immigrants legally eligible for private health insurance. D. allow the children of illegal immigrants United States citizenship if they were born on U. S. soil. E. All of the above are true.

C. agenda setting

The term __________ refers to the process in which problems are defined as political issues. A. public framing B. issue networking C. agenda setting D. action listing E. policy manipulation

B. $339 billion.

Today Medicaid enrolls more that 60 million people at a cost of A. $5 billion. B. $339 billion. C. $125 billion. D. $10 billion. E. None of the above is true.

D. 5 years

Under the new provisions of TANF, families can receive no more than a total of __________ of benefits in a lifetime. A. 6 months B. 1 year C. 2 years. D. 5 years E. 10 years

C. 2 years.

Under the provisions of the 1996 welfare reform law known as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), adult recipients of welfare payments have to become employed within A. 6 months. B. 1 year. C. 2 years. D. 5 years. E. 10 years.

E. It was attacked as socialized medicine.

What was the nature of the early opposition to Medicare? A. It was not favored by a majority of citizens. B. It was viewed as a ploy by the insurance industry to make more money for itself. C. The American Medical Association could not convince citizens of the merits of the program. D. The elderly did not believe government was capable of administering such a program. E. It was attacked as socialized medicine.

E. regulation.

When government intersperses itself as a referee, setting rules as to what kinds of companies can participate in what kinds of market activities, it is engaged in A. incentive based reforms. B. earmarks. C. distributive policy. D. trickle down economics. E. regulation.

A. frame

When the debate over the death penalty was affected by DNA tests in the 1990s, a new __________ changed the existing perceptions by the public. A. frame B. grade C. network D. assessment rule E. concept norm

E. Persons under eighteen years old

Which of the following comprise the largest portion of the impoverished? A. The elderly B. Recent retirees C. Caucasians without high school diplomas D. Farmers E. Persons under eighteen years old

E. All of the above spurred greater interest in federal aid to education.

Which of the following events did not spur greater interest in federal aid to education? A. The Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite B. Lyndon Johnson's Great Society C. The discovery by state governors in the 1970s about the link between schools and their states' economic fortunes D. The publication of A Nation of Risk E. All of the above spurred greater interest in federal aid to education.

A. Elections sending messages to policymakers about widely discussed campaign issues

Which of the following is not a difficulty for a majoritarian vision of policymaking? A. Elections sending messages to policymakers about widely discussed campaign issues B. Policymaking decisions full of issue networks C. Regulating complex contemporary issues D. Policymaking fragmented by federalism E. All of the above are difficulties for majoritarian democracy.

A. Agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, policy evaluation

Which of the following is the correct sequential order for the policymaking process? A. Agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, policy evaluation B. Policy formulation, agenda setting, policy evaluation, implementation C. Policy formulation, agenda setting, implementation, policy evaluation D. Implementation, policy evaluation, agenda setting, policy formulation E. None of the above is true.

D. Children under the age of twenty-one

Which of the following represents the largest percentage of those benefitting from Medicaid? A. Those over sixty-five years of age B. Those who are blind and disabled C. Adults D. Children under the age of twenty-one E. Government employees

D. The first prescription drug benefit was added to Medicare.

Which of the following was not a part of President Obama's Affordable Care Act? A. People aged 19 to 25 become eligible to stay on their parents' insurance plan. B. By 2014 insurance providers can no longer deny people coverage because of preexisting conditions. C. All individuals are required to have health insurance by 2014 or pay a fine. D. The first prescription drug benefit was added to Medicare. E. Eligibility for Medicaid is expanded.

A. Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC)

Which poverty program ended in 1996 when President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Opportunity to Work Act? A. Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) B. Medicaid C. Social Security D. Income Assistance Program E. Food Stamps

C. issue network.

You are a Washington lawyer who specializes in municipal finance, and you interact regularly with members of Congress, congressional committee staff, the bureaucracy, and others who make policy in this area. You are a member of a(n) A. trade association. B. policy system dynamic. C. issue network. D. public interest group. E. agenda team.

D. The Economic Opportunity Act

__________ was enacted as part of the Great Society. A. Social Security B. The Affordable Care Act C. The Clean Water Act D. The Economic Opportunity Act E. Options A and C are true.