American History Chap 10

The ultimate goal of Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1830 was to integrate the Five Civilized Tribes into the American society.

False

describe Tocqueville's observations in Democracy in America

Freedom in the young democracy was connected to belief in equality, an active public sphere, and a shared goal to improve society. The idea that sovereignity belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens was a new departure in Western thought.

describe responses to the Panic of 1819

Kentucky established a state bank that flooded the state with paper money. Many states suspended the collection of debts.

describe the Latin American Wars of Independence

Latin American constitutions were more democratic than the United States Constitution. The Spanish empire in America eventually dissolved into seventeen different nations.

John Quincy Adams announced in his first message to Congress in December 1825 that "the spirit of improvement is abroad in the land." Whom did he believe should be the patron of the "spirit of improvement"?

the federal government

describe the economic impact of the Panic of 1837

After 1837, many farmers, due to declining income from decreased demand, could not pay their mortgages and lost their land. By 1842, nine states defaulted on the debts, mostly incurred to finance ambitious infrastructure projects.

candidates for the presidency in the election of 1824

Andrew Jackson Henry Clay

How was Jackson able to enlarge the powers of the presidency?

As a political leader Jackson developed the idea that the president was the sole representative of the people—not Congress. He enhanced the power of the presidential office even while he was reducing the power of the government as a kind of administrative structure.

relationship between property and voting rights in America.

By 1860 in all but one state, land ownership was not a requirement to vote.

causes of the economic Panic of 1819

European demand for American farm goods returned to pre-War of 1812 levels. Demand for western lands plummeted, bankrupting many speculators.

describe William Henry Harrison, the 1840 Whig candidate for president

Harrison's key accomplishment, like Jackson's, was his military success against the British in the War of 1812. Harrison's running mate was John Tyler, former Democrat from Virginia. Harrison did not have an actual political platform.

life and career of Andrew Jackson.

Jackson was suspicious of banks and paper money and feared that the market revolution was a source of moral decay.

illustrate the complex relationship between race and voting

New York removed property qualifications for white voters but raised the requirement for blacks to $250. North Carolina did not disenfranchise its free black community until 1835.

statements that illustrate the complex relationship between race and voting

New York removed property qualifications for white voters but raised the requirement for blacks to $250. North Carolina did not disenfranchise its free black community until 1835.

Based on your understanding of the Bank War, what does this political cartoon reveal about the conflict?

Nicholas Biddle, the president of the Second Bank of the United States, is represented with the head of a demon and shown running from an all-powerful Andrew Jackson holding the order to remove federal funds from the bank.

What justifications did Van Buren give for the creation of the Democratic Party?

Party competition provided a check on those in power and offered voters a real choice in elections. Rather than being dangerous and divisive, as the founding generation had believed, political parties were a necessary and indeed desirable element of political life. Incorrect Answer(s)

the American System

Proposed by President Madison, the plan rested on three pillars: a new national bank, a tariff on imported manufactured goods, and federal funding of the building of canals and roads.

describe President Andrew Jackson

The "Whig Party" was the name given to the political party created in opposition to Jackson. Jackson was accused by his critics of being a tyrant acting above the law and they used the title "King" as a term of derision.

three main principles of the Monroe Doctrine

The United States gave warning to the European powers not to interfere with the newly independent states of Latin America. The United States would oppose any further colonization efforts by the European powers in the Americas. The United States would abstain from involvement in the wars of Europe.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, Marshall declared the Second Bank of the United States a legitimate exercise of congressional authority. What was his argument to legitimize the bank?

The bank was legitimate due to the Constitution's clause that allowed Congress to pass "necessary and proper" laws. Because the legislation in this case promoted "the general welfare," it was legitimate as "all means which are ... not prohibited ... are constitutional."

Missouri Compromise and slavery in the United States in 1820

The northeastern coast of the country, from Maine to New Jersey, was comprised entirely of free states and territories. Present-day North and South Dakota, which were part of the unorganized territory, were both closed to slavery

Why was Tyler so disliked by members of his own party?

Tyler vetoed the creation of a new national bank. Tyler vetoed a higher tariff.

John Quincy Adams's positions prior to becoming president.

United States ambassador to Prussia, Russia, the Netherlands, and Britain senator from Massachusetts

describe the Indian Removal.

While southern tribes peacefully departed, Seminoles living in Florida resisted The forced march of the Cherokee to Oklahoma became known as the "Trail of Tears" as it inevitably led to the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Indians.

statements that were given to justify the disenfranchisement of women.

Women were too prone to be swayed by passion. Women were too "pure" to be "contaminated" by politics.

Identify the Supreme Court case that held that Indian nations are a distinct people with the right to maintain a separate political identity.

Worcester v. Georgia

steam power

allowed for greater output and the rise of the mass-circulation "penny-press"

Monroe's two terms were an era of one-party government. Identify the term used to describe his tenure.

the Era of Good Feelings

hard money

currency based only on gold and silver

low postal rates

enabled many newspapers to expand their circulation far beyond their places of publication

Senator Henry Clay

engineered the second Missouri Compromise

Jackson's Democrats were firm believers in using the power of the government to legislate a unified moral vision on society, especially "temperance" laws that restricted alcohol use and production.

false

The tariff of 1816 did not offer protection for goods produced in the United States, and as a result it significantly increased the United States' dependency on Great Britain for imported goods and services.

false

Whigs believed that liberty and power were incompatible and that an activist government was to be avoided at all costs as a grave threat to liberty.

false

New York Sun and New York Herald

introduced a new style of journalism that appealed to mass audience by emphasizing sensationalism, crime stories, and exposés of official misconduct

Exposition and Protest

justified South Carolina's arguments for nullification by drawing on the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798.

soft money

paper currency issued by banks

Force Act

passed by Congress to enforce the federal tariff of 1832

John Quincy Adams

performed strongest in the Northeastern states, including New York, Massachusetts, and Maine

John Adams

persuaded many northerners that the South had too much influence in Washington; the only non-Virginian among the first five presidents of the United States

Senator Jesse Thomas

proposed a three-part compromise to end the Missouri crises

Congressman James Tallmadge

proposed that the introduction of more slaves be prohibited

tariff of abominations

raised taxes on imported manufactured goods made of wool, as well as raw materials such as iron

nullification crisis

represented a conflict between the federal government and South Carolina that eventually led to well-developed political philosophy

As property qualifications were lifted as a barrier to participating in American democracy, by what new boundaries were the rights of citizens restricted?

sex race

pet banks

state banks that were chosen by elected officials to receive federal funds

describes the spoils system

the practice of a political party awarding posts to its supporters

John Quincy Adams

thought that the Missouri controversy had revealed how the issue of slavery could eventually result in civil war

As a result of the Dorr War, property qualifications for voting were eliminated for native-born black and white men.

true

Immediately upon assuming the office of the presidency, William Henry Harrison contracted pneumonia. He died a month later, and John Tyler succeeded him.

true

Martin Van Buren was elected president in 1836. Under Van Buren, the hard-money, anti-bank wing of the Democratic Party came to power.

true

The portion of James Monroe's annual message of 1823 that became known as the Monroe Doctrine was written by his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, and outlined America's diplomatic declaration of independence.

true

Thomas Jefferson

viewed the entire Missouri controversy as an attempt by Federalists to revive their party by setting northern and southern Republicans against each other

Henry Clay

won a larger portion of the popular vote than William H. Crawford, but received fewer electoral votes

Andrew Jackson

won the largest portion of the popular vote and the electoral vote