American History- Test 4

What labor system for former slaves developed soon after plantation owners reclaimed their land after the Civil War?

Sharecrop system.

Under the original compromise proposal

Slave trading was banned in Washington, D.C.

What motivated Harriet Beecher Stowe to write Uncle Tom's Cabin?

The Dred Scott decision.

Beyond even racism, what motivated Southerners in their determination to expand slavery into western territories?

The defense of property rights and ability to move that property.

What liberty did Southerners try to protect with their secession?

The liberty to own, buy, sell, and transport slaves.

Which amendment to the Constitution officially ended slavery, or "involuntary servitude," in the United States?

Thirteenth Amendment.

New immigrants usually found work as

Wages laborers in cities

Lincoln's claim that the Union could not survive "half slave and half free" earned him Stephen C. Douglas's taunt

"Black republican."

African American soldiers constituted what percentage of the Union Army?

10 percent.

What percentage of Southern white families owned slaves in 1860?

25 percent.

Most white southerners regarded John Brown as

A demented old man who wanted them dead.

What trend developed in agricultural employment in the 1850s?

A lower percentage of farmers grew more food than before.

After the Civil War, North Carolina witnessed

A wave of violent assaults against black people.

What group formed the backbone of the Republican Party in the South during Reconstruction?

African Americans.

Once the Lower South had seceded, Republicans concluded that

Any compromise amounted to northern surrender to southern blackmail.

Where did the Union army build the contraband camp known as "Freedman's Village"?

At Arlington, Robert E. Lee's plantation in Virginia.

General Sherman's troops liberated

Atlanta.

In what battle did General George McClellan's army stop General Robert E. Lee's first invasion of Maryland in 1862?

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg).

The first real test of Union and Confederate arms came in July 1861 at the

Battle of Bull Run, or Manassas.

Northerners who came south in the aftermath of the Civil War to introduce reforms or capitalize on opportunities were known as

Carpetbaggers.

What argument regarding Congress's proposed restrictions on the expansion of slavery was advanced by John C. Calhoun?

Congress had no right to impose such limits.

What had become the most profitable product of the South by 1850?

Cotton

What helped tie the sections of the United States into a single national market?

Extensive development in transportation and communication

Who would have jurisdiction in fugitive slave classes following passage of the Compromise of 1850?

Federal commissioners.

What strategy did the new leader employ to get the compromise proposals through Congress?

He offered five separate bills, each designed to win different majorities.

What was the most surprising outcome of the presidential election in 1856?

How close the Republican Party came to victory.

What was the first accomplishment of the Fourteenth Amendment?

It overruled the Dred Scott case defining citizenship.

How did the constitution of the Confederacy differ from that of the United States?

It stated specifically that whites were superior to blacks.

Why did supporters of women's suffrage oppose ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment?

It would subject elite, educated women to the rule of base and illiterate males, especially immigrants and blacks.

What was the South's greatest military advantage?

Its defense of its own territory.

Who was selected to serve as president of the Confederate States of America?

Jefferson F. Davis of Mississippi, a moderate

By the spring of 1861, most Southerners had concluded that

No additional compromise with the North would succeed.

What was the title of the Union's plan to squeeze the Confederacy into submission?

Operation Overlord.

What motivated most northern men to serve in the Union army?

Patriotism and preservation of the Union.

When Douglas divided Nebraska Territory into two territories, he expected popular sovereignty to

Result in one slave state and one free state

With what did abolitionist and former slave Frederick Douglass most associate freedom?

Right to earn a living

To what does the term "contraband" refer?

Runaway slaves in Union custody.

Southerners who collaborated with northerners after the Civil War were known as

Scalawags.

What created the uproar in the northern reaction to Judge Roger Brooke Taney's decision in the Dred Scott case?

Scott was not a citizen because he was black.

Who was the first presidential candidate of the new Republican Party?

John C. Fremont.

Abraham Lincoln lost the election in 1858, and his battle

Made Lincoln a leading spokesman for the Republican Party.

Those who advocated a harsh peace for the South and citizenship for former slaves were called what?

Radical Republicans.

Who were the "cooperationists" during the secession crisis?

Residents of the Upper South who agreed to remain in the Union if the Lincoln administration cooperated with remaining slave states.

What is meant by the term "redemption"?

Restoration of local, white control in former Confederate states.

What did Abraham Lincoln demand in 1854?

The restoration of the Missouri Compromise.

How was the Fugitive Slave Law received in African American communities in the North?

With terror, because they believed every African American was subject to slavery.

During the Civil War,

Women were permitted to serve only in noncombat roles.