AMP 1 Ch 1

the heart and blood vessels work together to transport blood, containing oxygen, nutrients, and other substances, throughout the body

Cardiovascular system

is the study of biological molecules

Molecular biology

2nd part of the chemical level

Molecules combine in specific ways to form organelles, which are the basic unit of living cells

is the process of producing more cells or organisms

Reproduction

produces sex hormones and gametes for the production of offspring, female provides support for the developing fetus

Reproductive systems

provides airflow to allow exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere

Respiratory system

is the ability to detect changes in the internal or external environment and respond to them

Responsiveness, or irritability

Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances

immune

Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues

lymphatic

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are_______________ ______________ mechanisms that reduce or stop the effect of the stimulus, preventing severe changes within the body

negative feedback

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells/organs to regulate their activities?

nervous and endocrine systems

Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest level?

organismal

The regulated factor or event is called the

variable

the most abundant chemical substance in the body, provides an environment for chemical reactions and a fluid medium for secretions and excretions

water

eliminates nitrogenous wastes, and regulates water and ion balance

Urinary system

is the process of breaking down food into molecules that are usable by the body

Digestion

breaks down food into molecules that can be absorbed into the body, stores and eliminates wastes

Digestive system

source of hormones that regulate the processes of the body

Endocrine system

is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye

Gross (macroscopic) anatomy

is an increase in size in body parts or the whole organism

Growth

is the study of tissues (type of microscopic anatomy)

Histology

is the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment, regardless of environmental changes

Homeostasis

communication systems involving various components

Homeostasis is controlled through

focuses on development that occurs before birth (type of developmental anatomy)

embryology

Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones

endocrine

Excess nitrogenous waste and excess ions are removed from the blood and eliminated from the body by the

excretory system

1st part of the chemical level

Atoms, tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules

is a structure that carries out the response directed by the control center

An effector

is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to each other, and physiology is the study of the function of body parts

Anatomy

must be within an appropriate range so that proper gas exchange occurs in the lungs

Atmospheric pressure

is the study of individual cells (type of microscopic anatomy)

Cytology

is the study of the change in body structures over the course of a lifetime

Developmental anatomy

is the process of removing wastes

Excretion

What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function mean?

Function reflects structure and structure determines function

hair, skin, nails that protect the deeper tissues of the body

Integumentary system

circulates excess fluid to blood, removes debris, houses cells of the immune system, which protect the body from disease and damage

Lymphatic and immune systems

allows an organism to maintain separate internal and external environments or separate internal chemical environments

Maintaining boundaries

includes all chemical reactions that occur in the body

Metabolism

is the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

Microscopic anatomy

allows the organism to travel through the environment, and allows transport of molecules within the organism

Movement

allows movement, maintains posture, and produces heat

Muscular system

control system that responds to internal and external changes, activating the appropriate response

Nervous systemNervous system

is required for the chemical reactions of the body to occur at the proper rate

Normal body temperature

are consumed chemical substances that are used for energy and cell building

Nutrients

is required by the chemical reactions that release energy from foods

Oxygen

is the study of structural changes associated with disease

Pathological anatomy

enhance the effect of the stimulus, resulting in an amplifying effect of the stimulus, creating cascades that are used to control events that do not require continuous adjustment

Positive feedback mechanisms

is the study of internal structures using specialized visualization techniques

Radiographic anatomy

monitor changes in the environment and send some kind of signal to a control center

Receptors

is the study of all body structures in a given body region (type of gross anatomy)

Regional anatomy

bones protect and support organs, attach muscles, and provide for blood cell formation

Skeletal system

is the study of internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin (type of gross anatomy)

Surface anatomy

is the study of all structures in a body system (type of gross anatomy)

Systemic anatomy

is the smallest unit of life, and varies widely in size and shape according to the cells' function

The cellular level

is the simplest level of organization

The chemical level

is a structure that determines the set point for a variable, analyzes input, and coordinates an appropriate response by signaling an effector

The control center

is made up of discrete structures that are composed of at least two groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body

The organ level

is a group of organs that work closely together to accomplish a specific purpose

The organ system level

is the total of all structures working together to promote life

The organismal level

is based on the fact that what a structure can do is related to its form

The principle of complementarity of structure and function

feeds back to either reduce or amplify the effect of the stimulus

The response from the effector

is groups of cells having a common function

The tissue level

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

cardiovascular

Homeostatic imbalances often result in ______________

disease