ANAT-A215 exam 1 (extra credit questions)

How many pairs of autosomes are found in human somatic cells? 22 46 1 23

22

The size of a cell nucleus usually averages from about ___________ micrometers to 7 micrometers in diameter.

5

Which structural level of organization is comprised of the basic units of structure and function in organisms? Organ Cellular Chemical

Cellular

Nervous tissue

Conducts impulses for internal communication

endocrine system function

Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete homoromes, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions

The three distinct phases of the interphase period of cell division are, in order of their occurrence, ________ phase, ________ phase, and ________ phase. G1, S, G2 G2, G1, S S, G1, G2

G1, S, G2

Which of the following is true of meiosis? It yields haploid cells. It yields identical daughter cells. It yields four daughter cells. It yields two daughter cells. It yields diploid cells.

It yields haploid cells. It yields four daughter cells.

In which branch of anatomy are individual cells or thin slices of some part of the body prepared for examination? Developmental anatomy Regional anatomy Microscopic anatomy

Microscopic anatomy

prophase (mitosis)

Nuclear envelope disappears

When the nose, pharynx, and trachea collaborate to clean, warm, humidify, and conduct air from the atmosphere to the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs, which level of organization is depicted? Organ level Organ System level Organismal level Tissue level

Organ System level

Muscle tissue

Produces movement

Connective tissue

Protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs

digestive system function

Responsible for nutrient absorption

Which is an accurate description of the anatomic position? The arms are positioned so that the thumbs point toward the body. The eyes look forward, and the head is level. The arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing rearward. The individual is lying on his/her back.

The eyes look forward, and the head is level. The palms face forward, with the arms at either side of the body, in the anatomic position.

Females have two X chromosomes. Males have one X chromosome and one _____________ chromosome.

Y

saggital plane

a plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either left or right of it

Visualizing the body in the________position is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions.

anatomic

Which directional term means "toward the front surface"? anterior proximal caudal dorsal

anterior

The anatomical term for the ______ is sural. calf neck thigh lower back

calf

The simplest organizational level within the human body is the ______ level.

chemical, molecular, atomic

One of the main factors that influence membrane permeability is ______. presence of amino acids amount of lysosomes concentration gradient smooth ER

concentration gradient

Epithelial tissue

covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

When does Division of the cell producing two daughter cells occur & the division of the cytoplasm

cytokinesis

The watery, viscous, syrup-like fluid of the cytoplasm is called ___________

cytosol

Some membrane proteins catalyze (speed up) the rate of metabolic reactions. These proteins are acting as___________

enzymes

The four major tissue types in the body are ______. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous connective, blood, muscle, and bone nervous, blood, muscle, and bone epithelial, bone, muscle, and nervous

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

True or false: Haploid cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. True False

false Haploid cells contain 23 individual chromosomes. They are not paired. Sex cells are an example.

urinary system function

filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

DNA of the nucleus is organized into _____. ribosomes transfer RNA codons genes

genes

A pair of similar autosomes are called ______ chromosomes. hetero homologous sister

homologous

Daughter cells produced through mitosis are ______. not identical identical

identical

Melanin and protein crystals are examples of ______. inclusions microfilaments organelles cytoskeleton components

inclusions

The anatomical term describing the groin is _______

inguinal

In the cell cycle, _____ is the time between cell divisions when the cell maintains and carries out normal metabolic activities. cytokinesis interphase mitosis prophase

interphase

what is the time of normal cells activities called

interphase

_____ are substances that are insoluble in water; examples include fats and oils. Amino acids Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates

lipids

_____ are substances that are insoluble in water; examples include fats and oils. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Amino acids

lipids

_________ is the cell division that can replace aging, damaged, or dead cells.

mitosis

____________ is the cell division that takes place in somatic cells. Mitosis Anaphase Meiosis Synthesis

mitosis

what is the division of the nucleus called

mitosis

Of the following, which is a main factor that influences membrane permeability? Collagen concentration Smooth ER Molecular size Rough ER

molecular size

The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane structure called the ______________ envelope.

nuclear

The three parts of the cytoplasm are cytosol, ____________, and inclusions.

organelles

oblique plane

pass through the specimen at an angle

The anatomical term for the entire foot is ______. digital pes calcaneal plantar

pes

All materials that enter or leave the cell must pass across the__________ membrane.

plasma

the _______ membrane is also called the cell membrane

plasma

The _____ forms the outer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment. nucleus plasma membrane nuclear membrane cytoplasm

plasma membrane

The nuclear envelope is made up of two membranes and has holes in it called nuclear ___________

pores

Muscular system function

produces body movements, generates heat when muscles contract

female reproductive system function

produces female sex cells (oocytes) and the female hormones, receives spec from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus, and produces and secretes breast milk for nourishment of newborn

male reproductive system function

produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones; transfers sperm to the female

In the cell cycle, interphase directly precedes ______. anaphase metaphase prophase telophase

prophase

_____ cells are all the cells in the body except sex cells. Pluripotent Somatic Gamete

somatic

A patient has a cut between the knee and ankle. His cut is in the ______ area. brachial gluteal sural popliteal

sural

Organs of the cranial cavity include ______. the brain and spinal cord the heart the brain only the spinal cord only

the brain only

A group of muscles cells performing a common function would be called a(n) ______. organism tissue cell organ

tissue

Derived from Greek, the word anatomy means "______". to study disease to cut apart to put together to name correctly

to cut apart

lymphatic system function

transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid transported through lymph vessels) and initiates an immune response when necessary

The _____ canal contains the spinal cord

vertebral or spinal

If a cell does not dispose of its _____, it will die. proteins wastes organelles water

wastes

transverse plane

(cross sectional plane, horizontal plane) cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body. the body into superior (upper) and inferior(lower) parts

coronal plane

(frontal plane) A vertical plane where the body is cut into (anterior) front and (posterior) back parts.

midsagittal plane

(median plane) extends through the body vertically and divides the structure into equal left and right halves

anaphase (mitosis)

Centromeres split and chromosomes move toward opposite poles

telophase (mitosis)

Chromosomes arrive at poles

metaphase (mitosis)

Chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate

Which statements characterize cytosol? It contains many dissolved solutes. It contains proteins and carbohydrates. It is the same thing as cytoplasm. It is also called intracellular fluid. It has a high water content.

It contains many dissolved solutes. It contains proteins and carbohydrates. It is also called intracellular fluid. It has a high water content.

Which statements describe the nuclear envelope? It is a double membrane. It contains phospholipids. It is a single membrane. It has ribosomes attached to it. It controls the entry of substances into the nucleus.

It is a double membrane. It contains phospholipids. It has ribosomes attached to it. It controls the entry of substances into the nucleus.

Which statements characterize organelles? They are generally located within cells. Each type of organelle has a specific function. They play roles in growth, repair, and cellular maintenance. All organelles have the same function.

They are generally located within cells. Each type of organelle has a specific function. They play roles in growth, repair, and cellular maintenance.

In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization? Chemical level Tissue level Organ level Cellular level

Tissue level

nervous system functions

a regulatory system that controls body movements, responds to sensory stimuli, and helps control all other systems of the body. Also responsible for consciousness, intelligence and memory

Glycogen is a type of ______ that is considered a cell inclusion. carbohydrate protein lipid nucleic acid

carbohydrate

The anatomical term for head is ______. occipital mental cephalic oral

cephalic

cardiovascular system function

consists of the heart (a pump), blood, and blood vessels; the heart moves blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases and pick up waste products

The function of the nucleus is to ______. destroy non-functioning organelles transport nutrients synthesize lipids synthesize proteins control cellular activities

control cellular activities

In cell division, one cell divides to produce two identical cells. These new cells are called ________________ cells.

daughter

The nucleus contains _____. DNA mitochondria vacuoles ribosomes

dna

Proteins in the plasma membrane perform a variety of functions including ______. enzyme activity transport intercellular connection DNA synthesis cell to cell recognition

enzyme activity transport intercellular connection cell to cell recognition

Examples of lipids include ______. fats cholesterol oils integral proteins steroids

fats cholesterol oils steroids

What are the two categories of organelles? internal and external large and small smooth and rough membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound

membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound

Structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye are examined in _________ anatomy.

microscopic (or histology)

The ___________is the cellular structure that contains genetic material and controls cellular activities.

nucleus

The small intestine is an example of a(n) ______. tissue organ system organ cell

organ

The structure that contains two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions is called a(n) _______

organ

In which structural levels do different tissue types combine to form a functional structure? Organismal level Organ level Tissue level

organ level

The _______ level is the highest structural level of organization in the human body.

organismal

special relationship exists between anatomy and ______ because structure and function cannot be completely separated. physiology radiology pathology microscopic anatomy

physiology

The cell structure that functions as a 'gatekeeper' to regulate the passage of gases, nutrients, and wastes between the internal and external environments is the ______. plasma membrane nucleus nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria

plasma membrane

The proper sequence of the stages of mitosis are ______. anaphase, metaphase, telophase, prophase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase telophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Not all cells contain a nucleolus. The presence of nucleoli in a cell indicates that the cell produces large amounts of ______. DNA lipids protein sugars

protein

integumentary system functions

provides protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D; prevents water loss

skeletal system functions

provides support and protection, site of hempoiesis, stores calcium and phosphorus, provides sites for muscle attatchments

The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is ______. perineal pubic inguinal coxal

pubic

respiratory system function

responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

Nucleoli are responsible for making the small and large subunits of ______. nuclei mitochondria ribosomes lysosomes

ribosomes

Meiosis occurs in oocytes. Oocytes are types of ______. somatic cells sex cells

sex cells

The replication of the DNA molecule during interphase occurs during the _____ phase. synthesis mitotic cytokinesis gap 2 gap 1

synthesis

Organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions are ______. organ systems tissues organs molecules

tissues

True or false: Many cells of the body can undergo cell division and reproduce themselves. True False

true