Anatomay II- Chapter 6 Urinary System

Following the direction of urine flow, which structure does urine pass through right before reaching the ureter?

renal pelvis

The medulla of the kidney consists of ______.

renal pyramids

Which blood vessel is indicated in the figure?

renal vein

Following the path of blood through the kidneys, blood flows into the kidney via the ______ artery which then divides into several ______ arteries.

renal; interlobar

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by secreting an enzyme called

renin

The kidneys are located behind the peritoneum. The term that describes that location is

retroperitoneal

A medial depression on the concave side of the kidney leads into a hollow chamber that contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and urine-collecting structures. This chamber is called the renal ______.

sinus

The prefix "af-" means ______, while the prefix "prox-" means ______.

to; nearest

A kidney is approximately ______ centimeters long, 6 centimeters wide, and 3 centimeters thick.

12

What is hemodialysis?

A process using an artificial membrane that cleans the blood outside the body.

Match the term for each kidney structure with the appropriate letter.

A- major calyx B- minor calyx C-renal pelvis

Match the letter with the parts of the nephron and urine pathway. Instructions

A- renal corpuscle B-renal tubule C- collecting duct

Match each letter with the appropriate kidney structure. Instructions

A-collecting duct B-minor calyx C-nephron D-renal papilla

Match the letter with the correct kidney structure. Instructions

A-renal papilla B-renal pyramid C-renal column

The renal artery is indicated by letter ______, while the renal vein is indicated by letter ______.

A: B

The renal cortex is indicated by the letter ______, while the renal medulla is indicated by letter ______.

A; B

The kidneys, and other organs, are retroperitoneal. What does that mean?

They are located behind the peritoneal cavity.

What is the renal capsule?

a fibrous membrane around the kidney

Match the root words with the correct meaning. Instructions

af- to calyc- small cup cort- covering cyst- bladder detrus- to force away

The vessel that supplies blood to the nephron is a(n) arteriole

afferent

Which arteriole brings blood from the cortical radiate arteries into the nephron?

afferent arteriole

Following the path of blood through the kidneys, blood passes from the interlobar arteries into the ______ arteries.

arcuate

Name the arterial branch that travels along the base of a renal pyramid, marking the boundary between the cortex and medulla.

arcuate artery

The kidney is shaped like a(n) ______.

bean

The hilum of the kidney is the location where ______ pass into and out of the kidney.

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the ureter

The extensions of the renal cortex tissue into the renal medulla (between renal pyramids) are called renal ______.

columns

What is the renal fascia composed of?

connective tissue

The layer of the kidney tissue found just deep to the renal capsule, distinct from the innermost layer of the kidney, is the renal ______.

cortex

Name the type of arteries that branch off from the arcuate arteries to extend into the cortex.

cortical radiate arteries

Blood passes from an arcuate artery into which artery before entering afferent arterioles?

cortical radiate artery

The kidneys produce a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production called

erythropoietin

Which functions does the urinary system regulate?

excretion of drugs volume of body fluids pH balance removal of metabolic wastes

Pair each root word with its meaning. Instructions

glom- little ball juxta- near to mict- to pass urine papill- nipple trigon- triangular

Each afferent arteriole delivers blood to a mass of fenestrated blood capillaries within the renal corpuscle, called the

glomerulus

If a person is in renal failure, or if the kidneys are not functioning optimally, a person can be placed on , a process in which an artificial kidney cleanses the blood.

hemodialysis

The medial surface of the kidney is the site of the renal ______, a depression and slit where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and leave the kidney.

hilum

Name the arterial branch that passes through the renal medulla between the renal pyramids.

interlobar artery

The root word that means "near to" is ______ and the root word that means "to pass urine" is ______.

juxta-; mict-

The renal artery brings blood to which structure?

kidney

What does the root word "ren-" mean?

kidney

The organs that function to regulate the removal of excess water, electrolytes, and metabolic wastes from body fluids are called the

kidneys

Urine flows from the ______ into the renal pelvis, and from there into the ureter.

major calyces

The renal is the region of the kidney that consists of renal pyramids.

medulla

The renal pyramids are part of the renal

medulla

The major regions of the kidney are the renal and the renal

medulla cortex

Urine passes from the collecting ducts into the calyces, then into the calyces before reaching the renal pelvis.

minor major

Contributing to homeostasis, the kidney functions to maintain which of the following within normal ranges?

pH of body fluids volume of body fluids composition of body fluids

The blunt tip of a renal pyramid through which urine drains into a minor calyx is the renal ______.

papilla

The superior end of the ureter expands to form a funnel-shaped renal , located mostly within the renal sinus.

pelvis

Name the capillaries that surround the renal tubules within the renal cortex.

peritubular capillaries

The word element "nephr-," as in the term nephron, means ______.

pertaining to the kidney

What does the word root "nephr-" mean?

pertaining to the kidney

The kidneys are on the ______ wall.

posterior abdominal

Renal columns are made of cortical tissue and are located between the renal

pyramids

The kidneys release a hormone called erythropoietin which regulates ______.

red blood cell production

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

regulate the composition and volume of body fluids

The enzyme renin is secreted by the kidneys. What is its function?

regulation of blood pressure

The word element that specifically indicates the kidney is ______.

ren-

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is called the artery.

renal

This hollow chamber through which blood vessels, nerves, and ureters enter the kidney is called the

renal sinus

What is the thin fibrous sac that encloses the kidney called?

renal capsule

Which region of the kidney lies just below the renal capsule?

renal cortex

Which tissues help hold the kidneys in position?

renal fascia renal capsule renal fat

The arrow in the figure is pointing to what region of the kidney?

renal medulla

Which region of the kidney is composed of renal pyramids?

renal medulla

Name the tips of the renal pyramids that point toward the renal sinus.

renal papillae

Which statements correctly identify the numbers of organs in the urinary system?

two kidneys one urinary bladder

What are the tubular structures indicated in the figure?

ureters

The kidneys, urinary bladder, , and are organs of the urinary system.

ureters urethra

The tubular structure indicated by the arrow is the

urethra

The system that removes certain salts and nitrogenous wastes is the system.

urinary

List the four organs making up the urinary system.

urinary bladder urethra ureters kidneys

The kidneys lie on either side of the column in a depression high on the wall of the abdominal cavity.

vertebral posterior