Anatomical Movements

4 kinds of sagittal movements:

1. Flexion and Extension (at many joints) 2. Plantar flexion and Dorsiflexion (at ankle joint only) 3. Elevation and depression (temporomandibular joint only) 4. Scapular tilt and return from tilt (scapula only)

4 kinds of coronal plane movements

1. abduction and adduction (many joints) 2. right lateral bending and left lateral bending (head, neck and trunk only) 3. inversion and eversion (joints within foot only) 4. elevation and depression (scapula only)

Abduction and adduction

Abduction involves moving a body part sideways awar from the midline, ie. doing jumping jacks Adduction is simply the reverse - moving the body part back towards the midline. ie. using a thighmaster and moving your thighs back together

Depression and elevation

Can occur at other joints, but the mandibular joint is the only one at which these movements occur in the sagittal plane

5 types of transverse plane movements

Medial rotation - lateral rotation (shoulder and hip) Left rotation - right rotation (neck and trunk) Pronation - supination (radioulnar joints) Protraction - Retraction (temporomandibular joints and shoulder girdle) Horizontal abduction - Horizontal adduction (hip and shoulder joints)

Antagonistic movements

Movements are identified in pairs, and each consists of 2 opposite movements

Anatomical movements in combined planes (2)

Opposition and Reposition

Horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction

This pair of movements has a different starting point than the others. They begin with the arms already in front (flexed to 90 degrees) or held out to the sides (Abducted to 90 degrees) Horizontal abduction is the movement you use as you open your arms wide in preparing to hug someone Horizontal adduction is the movement you use to actually hug the person

2 significant criteria

What direction is the body part moving? In what plane is the movement occurring?

Extension

a straightening type of movement - usually results in an increase of the joint angle - usually a backward movement. ie. with elbow bent and hand at shoulder, movement back down to anatomical position

Flexion

a type of bending movement which usually results in a decrease of the joint angle - usually a forward movement ie. from anatomical position, bending at elbow so hand comes upwards towards shoulder (examples in my own words)

Protraction and retraction

are movements of only the mandible and the shoulder girdle PROTRACTION involves forward movement of the body part, ie protruding your mandible forward to create an underbite or rounding your shoulders. RETRACTION is the reverse - pulling the mandible back (overbite) or pulling the shoulders back (throw out your chest)

Sagittal plane movements - direction

are usually forward and backwards types of movements - ie. swinging your arms straight forward or backward

Dorsiflexion

involves lifting up your foot so your toes are off the floor and your weight is back on your heels

Lateral bending

involves the body part leaning sideways either to the left or right The only joints that can undergo lateral bending are the intervertebral joints (trunk, head plus neck)

Scapular tilt

is a movement that generally does not occur in isolation -occurs with extension of the shoulder joint behind the body- ie. in the backswing of bowling During scapular tilt, the subscapular fossa moves from facing forward to facing obliquely downward such that the inferior angle lifts off the ribcage and can be seen "sticking out" posteriorly

Plantar flexion

is the reverse movement of dorsiflexion and continues in the opposite direction to standing on your toes.

Lateral bending is also called

lateral flexion or side bending

Depression

lowering of the mandible

Inversion and eversion

movements of the foot that occur at the intertarsal joints - many joints within the foot. INVERSION occurs when you lift the inside of the foot upward so that the soles of your foot face inwards. EVERSION is the reverse - lifting the lateral edges of the foot so the soles face outward

Pronation and supination

movements that are specific to the forearm (at the radioulnar joints) SUPINATION is the movement of turning the palm face forward or face up PRONATION is the movement of turning the palm face backward or downward * these movements allow us to position the hand and the digits for grasping and manipulating objects

Medial and lateral rotation

occur only at the hip and shoulder joints Rotational movements at the hip or shoulder involve the femur or humerus turning around its long axis (like spinning a pencil) MEDIAL rotation occurs when the anterior of the bone turns to face medially LATERAL rotation is the reverse, when the anterior turns to face laterally

RIght or left rotation

only at the neck and trunk, involves twisting type of movements. ie. shoulder check when driving, or trunk rotations

elevation

raising of the mandible

Transverse plane movement involves

some type of twisting or turning movement

Scapular elevation and depression

the movement of shrugging your shoulders - involves the scapula and clavicle moving upwards Scapular depression is the reverse (also used when pushing against the armrests of a chair when trying to stand up)

Opposition and reposition

this pair of movements is particular to the thumb - occurring at the joint between the trapezium and the base of the 1st metacarpal OPPOSITION involves a combo of several movements: flexion, abduction, adduction, and a little rotation. The result is that the palmar surface of the thumb turns to face the palm of the hand and palmar surfaces of the fingers. REPOSITION is the return from opposition

Direction of coronal plane movements

usually sideways either away from or toward the middle of the body or body part.