Anatomy 10A Final Study Guide: Unit 3&4
Surface of the tongue
Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places
outer; middle
The ________ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ________ ear, which contains auditory ossicles.
endometrium
The ________ is the inner lining of the uterus.
perimetrium
The ________ is the outer lining of the uterus.
somatic
The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.
central
The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
Epinephrine
The adrenal medulla produces
carries blood to the glomerulus
The afferent arteriole in the kidney
Trachea
The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the
adenohypophysis
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
Temporal lobe
The auditory cortex is located in the
Central Nervous System (CNS)
a major subdivision of the nervous system that interprets incoming information and issues orders
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
a major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication lines, linking all parts of the body to the CNS
myopia
a person suffering from _______ can see objects that are close, but distant objects appear blurred
hyperopia
a person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close
Esophagus
food chute; has no digestive or absorptive role
Oral cavity
two anatomical regions involved in physical breakdown of food
tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
which of the following descriptions best matched the term otoliths
bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia
Lower respiratory tract
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli all make up the
myelin sheath
increases the speed of impulse transmission
Endomysium
individual muscle cell surrounded by what connective tissue
Cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres
A cortex is found on the surface of both the
Endomysium
A delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the
1200ml
A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.
Circular
A muscle that controls the diameter of an opening is a ___________ muscle.
myofibril
Actin or myosin containing structure
Chyme
After food and gastric juices combine the gastric contents are referred to as
Left frontal
After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.
Upper respiratory tract
Air entering the body is filtered warmed and humidified by the
Phonation
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces
produces aqueous humor (consists of the sclera limbus and cornea, provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye, contribute substantial focusing power, is where extrinsic eye muscles insert)
All of the following are true of the fibrous layer of the eye, except that it
maintains acidic environment (lubricates the eye, washes away debris, nourishes the cornea and conjunctiva)
All of the following is a function of tears except
Have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals
All target cells
female external genitalia
Another term for vulva is
hard palate
Anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity supported by bone
Rectum
Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the
vestibule
Area between teeth and lips/cheeks
Gallbladder
Bile is stored in the
Appendix
Blind sack hanging from the initial part of the colon
mouth
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
Stomach
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine
Circular folds and intestinal villi
Dendrite
Conducts electrical currents toward the cell body
Perimysium
Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
Sarcomere
Contractile unit of muscle
Three, four and six
Cranial nerves that innervate and extraocular muscles are
prepuce
Cuff of skin encircling the glans penis
tympanic membrane
the external ear ends at
pharyngotympanic tube
the middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the
formation of cerebrospinal fluid
Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the
Oligodendrocytes
the myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by
play the piano
Damage to the somatic motor association area of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to
profundus
Deep muscles are given the term
Bladder
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except
cribriform plate
Factory organs are located in the nasal cavity inferior to the preforated bony structure known as
Villi
Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption
Storage of fecal material prior to defection, absorption of vitamins, reabsorption of water and compaction of feces
Functions of the large intestine include
Axon
Generally conducts impulses away from the cell body
Cerebrum
Highest levels of information processing occurs in the
gonadotropins
Hormones that regulate male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
Medulla
Inner portion of the adrenal gland is the
Muscle contraction
Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for
Lesser omentum
Membrane attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
contraction
Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consist chiefly of cells that are highly specialized for
Superficialis
Muscles visible at the body surface are given the term
Perimysium
Nerves and blood vessels that service the muscle fibers are located in the connective tissues of the
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves and ganglia
pupil
Opening in the iris through which light passes is the
colon
Organ primarily involved in water absorption and feces formation
Large intestine
Organ responsible for most food and water absorption
Tongue
Organ that mixes food in the mouth
Duodenum
Organ that receives pancreatic juice and bile
Cerebellum
Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the
ductus deferens
Passageway from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Composed of amino acids
Peptide hormones are
hyperglycemia, excessive thirst, glucosuria, and polyuria
Person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit which of the following symptoms
Microvilli
Projections of the plasma membrane of a cell that increase the cells surface area
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Pulmonary ventilation refers to
constriction, dilation
Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ___________, and sympathetic activation causes ___________.
Providing gas exchange
Respiratory defense system is important for all of the following reasons except
thalamus
Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the
myoblasts
Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called
Microglia
Small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called
have many nuclei
So fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers
Anterior chamber
Space between the cornea and the iris is the
spermatogonia
Sperm develop from stem cells called
pyloric splinter
Sphincter, controlling the movement of food from the stomach into the duodenum
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
Steroid hormones
Neuroglia
Support, insulate, and protect cells.
Mucociliary elevator
The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the
Tendon
The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches a muscle to bone is called a(n)
Belly
The central body of a muscle is also known as the
Hypoxia
The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as
medulla oblongata
The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in
Epimysium
The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
Epiglottis
The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the
Insertion
The end of a muscle that is attached to the point that moves when the muscle contracts is called the
Origin
The end of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts is called the
digestive enzymes
The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces
Support, move, embrace the limbs
The function of the appendicular muscles is to
Oxytocin
The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is
Jejunum
The middle segment of the small intestine is the
Apex
The most superior portion of the lung is termed the
external nares
The openings to the nostrils are the
Stratified squamous
The oral mucosa has_____ epithelium
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The order of the small intestine segments from proximal to distal is
Cortex
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the
Estrogen
The ovaries secrete __________ when stimulated by FSH
Insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
Insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is
Iris
The part of the eye that determines eye color is the
ileum
The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the
neurohypophysis
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
Precentral gyrus
The primary motor cortex ("motor strip") is the surface of the
spermatozoa
The process of spermiogenesis produces
sarcomere
The repeating contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consist of
three lobes; two lobes
The right lung has ________; the left lung has ________.
gustation
The sense of taste is also known as
Alveoli
The site of gas exchange within the lungs are
tectorial membrane
The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the
Primary sensory
The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ______ cortex
Testosterone
The testes produce
Cornea
The transparent portion of the fibrous layer is the
transitional
The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.
jejunum
The villi are most developed in
Larynx
The vocal folds are located within the
12
There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves
greater omentum, mesentery, lesser omentum
Three extensions/modifications of the peritoneum
Epididymis
Tubular storage site for sperm; hugs the lateral aspect of the testes
follopian tubes
Usual site of fertilization
Thyroid Cartilage
Visible and palpable prominence on the throat known as the Adams Apple is part of the
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex is located in the
Primary bronchi
What branches from the trachea
Small intestine
What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption
Volume of the thorax increases
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,
They are derived from cholesterol, they are produced by reproductive glands, they bind to receptors within the cell, they are lipids
Which of the following are true of steroid hormones
Cilia
Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine
oropharynx
Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system
Respiratory
Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange
costalis
Which of the following terms could be used with a muscle that is associated with the ribs
Large intestine
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials
Hormones
_____ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells and other tissues
ventricles
______ are chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.
proprioceptors
______ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints
cones
_______ are photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color
ependymal cells
_______ lines the brain ventricles and spinal canal
rods
___________ are photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light
conjuctivitis
_____________, or pinkeye, results from damage or irritation of the conjunctival surface
Fascicle
a discrete bundle of muscle cells
a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle
a glomerulus is
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, retina, choroid
a ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?
Appendix
a small wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial purpose of the cecum is the
construction of the pupillary constrictor muscles with decrease in pupil size
a sudden rise of brightness would cause
Neuroglia
able to divide; therefore are responsible for most brain neoplasms
the neural tube (the blood-brain barrier, bones of the skull, cranial meninges, CSF)
all of the following help(s) to directly protect the brain except
Fovea centeralis
an area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the
neurons
are amitotic
tendon
at each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, and each perimysium and endomysium, come together to form a
medulla oblongata
autonomic centers the control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion located in the
Telodendria
axons terminate in series of fine extensions known as
vagina
canal that receives the penis during sexual intercourse
uterus
chamber that houses the developing fetus
Peyer's patches
collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
Epimysium
connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle
spermatic cord
connective tissue sheath enclosing the ducts deferens, blood vessels, and nerves
urethra
conveys both sperm and urine down the length of the penis
tendon
cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the muscle, serving to attach it to the bone
Neurons
demonstrate irritability and conductivity, and thus transmit electrical messages from one area of the body to another area
ovidut
duct through which the ovum travels to reach the uterus
adrenal glands
each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the
clitoris
erects during sexual stimulation
scrotum
external skin sac that houses the testes
pilcae circulares
folds of the small intestine wall
Rugae
folds of the stomach mucosa
renal corpuscle
glomerular capsule and glomerulus make up
Diabetes mellitus
inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
Menstruation
is the process of sloughing off the old functional layer of the endometrium
cell body
location of the nucleus
the astrocytes isolate the CNS by forming a blood-brain barrier
many medications introduces into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because
fimbriae
move to create fluid currents to draw the ovulate egg into the uterine (fallopian) tube
fiber
muscle cell
Ganglia
neuron cell bodies in the PNS are clustered together in masses called
vesicles
neurotransmitter for release is stored in synaptic
olfactory bulb
olfactory receptors sent axons through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Those axons synapse on neurons in the
Stomach
organ in which protein digestion begins
Small intestine
organ into which the stomach empties
penis
organ that delivers semen to the female reproductive tract
bulbourethral glands
organs that contribute to the formation of semen
Sarcolemma
plasma membrane of a muscle cell
axolemma
plasma membrane of axon
Sarcolemma
plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is called
ileocecal valve
prevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it has entered the large intestine
cervix
primary female reproductive organ
bulbourethral glands
produces a lubricating mucus that cleanses the urethra
seminal vesicles
produces over half of the seminal fluid
5,1,4,2,3
put the following urinary structures in order to represent the flow of newly produced urine: 1. minor calyx 2. renal pelvis 3. ureter 4.major calyx 5. renal papilla
anus
region, containing two sphincters, through which feces are expelled from the body
grey
regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the _____ matter
white
regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the _____ matter
Neurons
release neurotransmitters
axonal terminal
releases neurotransmitters
haustra
saclike outpocketings of the large intestine wall
peritoneum
serosa of the abdominal cavity wall
testis
site of testosterone production
tympanic membrane
sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the
ciliary action
sperm are moved along the ductus deferent by
seminiferous tubules
sperm production occurs in the
Mesentery
structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system
subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle, and glands; it is also called the involuntary nervous system
prostate
surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder; produces a milky fluid
Cornea
the ____ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye
automatic
the ______ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity
Thalamus
the _______ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex
Mesentery
the _______ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves lymphatics and blood vessels
Fimbriae
the ________ are fingerlike projections that capture the freshly ovulated ovum
cataracts
the abnormality that develops when a lens loses its transparency is known as
tympanic membrane to the oval window
the auditory ossicles connects the
synapse
the axon is connected to the cell body at
neuron
the basic functional unit of the nervous system is the
Insulin; lowers
the beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce_____ which ________ blood sugar
medulla oblongata
the cardiovascular reflexes are based in
renal pelvis
the cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the
Astrocytes
the cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillaries to create the blood-brain barrier
adjust the shape of the lens for close vision
the ciliary muscle contracts to
Pharynx
the common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
dysuria
the condition called _________ is characterized by painful or difficult urination. this condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes.
fibrous layer
the cornea is part of the
Cardia
the esophagus connects to which region of the stomach
Equilibrium
the formal term for the sense of gravity, rotation, and linear acceleration is the sense of
nephron
the functional unit of the kidney is the
vitreous humor
the gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the
Astrocytes
the largest and most numerous neuroglia in the CNS that absorb and recycle
pia mater
the layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the
vagina, uterus, ovaries, mammary glands
the main organs of the female reproductive tract include
body
the main portion of the uterus is called
testis
the make gonad is called a(n)
blood vessels (ganglion cells, photoreceptor cones, supporting cells, photoreceptor rods)
the neural layer contains all of the following except
blood-brain barrier
the neural tissue is isolated from the general circulation by the
Schwann cells
the neurilemma of the axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by
ductus deferens
the organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the
Epididymis
the organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the
Uterus
the organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing
fibrous capsule
the outmost layer of the kidney is the
hilum
the prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
synapse
the site of intercellular communication between neurons is the
Microglia
the smallest neuroglia of the CNS that act as phagocytes are the
meiosis
the special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called
basilar membrane
the structure that supports the organ of the court is the
cerebral aqueduct
the third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the
tunica albuginea
the tough fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis is called the
fourth
the ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the
myometrium
thick muscular layer of the uterus is the
Endomysium
thin connective tissue investing each muscle cell
the ureters
urine is carried to the urinary bladder by
uninary bladder
urine is temporarily stored in the
Soft palate
uvula hangs from its posterior edge
auditory ossicles
vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the
Peristalsis
waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
tympanum, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, round window
what is the correct sequence
produce gametes
what is the function of gonads
serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluid, receives the penis during coitus, holds spermatozoa prior to their passage to the uterus, forms the lower portion of the birth canal
what statement is true of the vagina?
ciliary body
what structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?
Pia mater
what structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surfaces of the brain
glucagon is released
when blood glucose levels fall
Insulin is released
when blood glucose levels rise
semicircular canals
when you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling?
diaphragm
which of following is a barrier method of birth control
- Sense the internal and external environments - Integrate sensory info - Coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities - Control peripheral functions
which of the following are functions of the nervous system?
interneurons (ependymal cells, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes)
which of the following are not types of neuroglia?
constantly produced and recycled
which of the following descriptions best matched the term aqueous humor?
moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
which of the following descriptions best matched the term basilar membrane?
provides cushioning for delicate neural tissue, provides buoyant support for the brain, acts as a transport medium for nutrients, acts a transport medium for waste products
which of the following is a function of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
support, phagocytosis, secretion of cerebrospinal fluid, and maintenance of blood-brain barrier
which of the following is a function of the neuroglia?
regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes, regulates blood volume, contributes to stabilizing blood pH, eliminates organic waste products
which of the following is a function of the urinary system
Contains photoreceptors ( provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye, regulates the amount of light entering the eye, secretes and reabsorbed the aqueous humor, and controls the shape of the lens)
which of the following is not true of the vascular layer of the eye
diencephalon
which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brainstem?
bulbourethral gland
which of these glands secretes a fluid that lubricates the tip of the penis
flax cerebri; between cerebral hemispheres, tentorium cerebella; between cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum, flax cerebella; between cerebellar hemispheres, dural venous sinuses; large collecting veins located within the dural folds
which of these is correctly matched with its located
uterine tube
which structure in the female reproductive system is lined with cilia?
chemical
which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system?
