anatomy and physiology 1: chapter 13

The auditory cortex is located in the - parietal lobe. - temporal lobe. - frontal lobe. - occipital lobe. - insula.

- temporal lobe.

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. - cerebrum - pons - cerebellum - medulla oblongata - thalamus

- thalamus

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the - midbrain. - pons. - cerebellum. - thalamus. - medulla oblongata.

- thalamus.

Only about ________ percent of sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex and our awareness. - 1 - 10 - 25 - 50 - 95

- 1

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. - 31 - 6 - 12 - 2 - 22

- 12

The choroid plexuses produces CSF at a rate of about - 50 mL/day. - 150 mL/day. - 250 mL/day. - 1000 mL/day. - 500 mL/day.

- 500 mL/day.

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue. - 25 percent - 15 percent - 68 percent - 100 percent - 97 percent

- 97 percent

________ is a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus. - Adaptation - Sensation - Transduction - Reception - Integration

- Adaptation

The cerebellum - functions to maintain proper posture and equilibrium. - compares intended movement to actual movement. - if damaged, leads to uncoordinated and jerky movements. - receives input from the motor cortex and basal nuclei. - All the answers are correct.

- All the answers are correct.

Which brain region has been affected in a stroke victim who is unable to speak? (Module 13.12C) - primary auditory cortex - auditory association area - Broca's area - prefrontal cortex - Wernicke's area

- Broca's area

________ is the term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to where the axons originated. - Relaying - Descending - Coordinating - Decussation - Ascending

- Decussation

Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of cranial nerve - X. - I. - II. - IX. - IV.

- IX.

________ is a conscious awareness of a sensation. - Integration - Association - Stimulation - Reception - Perception

- Perception

Define referred pain. (Module 13.22A) - Referred pain is visceral pain sensations that can be well localized. - Referred pain is when thermoreceptors detect temperature extremes that cause a painful sensation. - Referred pain is a sensation felt in a part of the body other than its actual source. - Referred pain is when nociceptors send impulse of pain that is not actually there. - Referred pain is somatic pain sensations from the skin.

- Referred pain is a sensation felt in a part of the body other than its actual source.

________ are chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. - Nuclei - Gyri - Lobes - Fissures - Ventricles

- Ventricles

Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen? - VIII - XI - XII - IX - X

- X

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching array called the - cortex. - medulla. - vermis. - fourth ventricle. - arbor vitae.

- arbor vitae.

Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called - chemoreceptors. - proprioceptors. - nociceptors. - baroreceptors. - thermoreceptors.

- baroreceptors.

The neural tissue is isolated from the general circulation by the - choroid plexuses. - blood-brain barrier. - meninges. - dura mater. - arachnoid granulations.

- blood-brain barrier.

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the - cerebellum. - cerebrum. - medulla oblongata. - pons. - midbrain.

- cerebellum.

The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the - cerebral aqueduct. - central canal. - septum pellucidum. - interventricular foramina. - tentorium cerebelli.

- cerebral aqueduct.

Which region of the brain contains two ventricles? (Module 13.2B) - diencephalon - cerebrum - midbrain - brainstem - cerebellum

- cerebrum

The highest levels of information processing occur in the - cerebrum. - cerebellum. - medulla oblongata. - diencephalon. - corpus callosum.

- cerebrum.

A receptor that responds to chemicals dissolved in solution is a - thermoreceptor. - light receptor. - chemoreceptor. - nociceptor. - tactile receptor.

- chemoreceptor.

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brainstem? - midbrain - diencephalon - cerebellum - medulla oblongata - pons

- diencephalon

A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time. - CT scan - electrocardiogram - MRI - X-ray - electroencephalogram

- electroencephalogram

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the - choroid plexus. - dural sinus. - falx cerebri. - falx cerebelli. - tentorium cerebelli.

- falx cerebri.

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the - first. - second. - third. - fourth. - lateral.

- fourth.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by all of the following except that it - is characterized by a progressive loss of memory. - may be associated with damage to the hippocampus. - has a clear genetic basis. - is associated with the formation of plaques. - is the most common cause of senile dementia.

- has a clear genetic basis.

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long- term memories. - mammillary bodies - fornix - amygdaloid body - hippocampus - cingulate gyrus

- hippocampus

The visual cortex is located in the - parietal lobe. - frontal lobe. - insula. - occipital lobe. - temporal lobe.

- occipital lobe.

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. - hypothalamus - medulla oblongata - pons - cerebrum - cerebellum

- hypothalamus

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the - brainstem. - midbrain. - hypothalamus. - myelencephalon. - thalamus.

- hypothalamus.

Parkinson's disease is the result of - inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. - inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei. - weak response of the red nuclei of the midbrain. - hyperactivity of the limbic system. - decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra.

- inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. - thalamus - anterior commissure - mammillary body - infundibulum - brain stem

- infundibulum

Each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through a(n) - interventricular foramen. - septum pellucidum. - cerebral aqueduct. - medulla oblongata. - aqueduct of midbrain.

- interventricular foramen.

Cerebrospinal fluid - is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. - has almost the same composition as blood plasma. - is secreted by ependymal cells. - is formed by a passive process and has almost the same composition as blood plasma. - is formed by a passive process.

- is secreted by ependymal cells.

In most cases, the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in the - left cerebellar hemisphere. - left cerebral hemisphere. - thalamus. - right cerebral hemisphere. - right cerebellar hemisphere.

- left cerebral hemisphere.

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. - left temporal - right temporal - right frontal - occipital - left frontal

- left frontal

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are - sulci. - sinuses. - gyri. - lobes. - fissures.

- lobes.

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the - transverse fissure. - longitudinal fissure. - postcentral sulcus. - central sulcus. - parieto-occipital sulcus.

- longitudinal fissure.

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the - diencephalon. - midbrain. - pons. - medulla oblongata. - cerebellum.

- medulla oblongata.

Mechanoreceptors might detect all of the following sensations except - touch. - pressure. - muscle pain. - muscle length. - vibration.

- muscle pain.

The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is proportional to the - number of motor units in that region. - size of the nerves that serve the area of the body. - size of the body area. - distance of the body area from the brain. - number of sensory receptors in the area of the body.

- number of motor units in that region.

From superficial to deep, name the layers that make up the cranial meninges. (Module 13.3A) - outer pia mater, middle arachnoid mater, inner dura mater - outer dura mater, middle arachnoid mater, inner pia mater - outer pia mater, middle dura mater, inner arachnoid mater - outer dura mater, middle pia mater, inner arachnoid mater - outer arachnoid mater, middle dura mater, inner pia mater

- outer dura mater, middle arachnoid mater, inner pia mater

The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the - insula. - temporal lobe. - occipital lobe. - frontal lobe. - parietal lobe.

- parietal lobe.

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? - falx cerebelli - choroid plexus - pia mater - dura mater - arachnoid mater

- pia mater

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the - corpus callosum. - insula. - arcuate gyrus. - precentral gyrus. - postcentral gyrus.

- precentral gyrus.

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. - visual - olfactory - primary motor - auditory - primary sensory

- primary sensory

All of the following are a function of the hypothalamus except - regulating body temperature. - projecting visual information to the visual cortex. - controlling autonomic centers. - secreting hormones. - coordinating day-night cycles of activity/inactivity.

- projecting visual information to the visual cortex.

Receptors that monitor the position of joints belong to the category called - chemoreceptors. - nociceptors. - proprioceptors. - baroreceptors. - thermoreceptors.

- proprioceptors.

Complex motor activities such as riding a bicycle - only require neural processing at the level of the cerebrum. - usually escape notice by the cerebellum. - with practice, involve little input from the brain. - require the coordinated activity of several regions of the brain. - are largely controlled at the level of the spinal cord.

- require the coordinated activity of several regions of the brain.

The area of the brain that performs spatial visualization and analyzing is the - thalamus. - left cerebellar hemisphere. - right cerebral hemisphere. - left cerebral hemisphere. - right cerebellar hemisphere.

- right cerebral hemisphere.

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to - smell his food. - nod his head. - see. - smile. - blink his eyes.

- smell his food.

The tectum of the midbrain contains the - cerebral peduncles. - superior and inferior colliculi. - red nuclei. - basal ganglia. - substantia nigra.

- superior and inferior colliculi.

A fast- adapting mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a - root hair plexus. - free nerve ending. - tactile (Merkel) disc. - Ruffini corpuscle. - tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.

- tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.

The term general senses refers to sensitivity to all of the following except - touch. - taste. - vibration. - temperature. - pain.

- taste.

What is the function of the ascending and descending tracts in the medulla oblongata? (Module 13.4C) - to relay somatic information to the thalamus - to regulate vital autonomic functions - they contain sensory and motor nuclei of five cranial nerves - to link the brain with the spinal cord - to relay information to the red nucleus

- to link the brain with the spinal cord

Which of the following is not one of the special senses? - smell - touch - taste - hearing - balance

- touch

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the - vagus. - abducens. - glossopharyngeal. - facial. - trigeminal.

- trigeminal.

The CNS interprets the ________ of stimulus entirely on the basis of the labeled line over which it arrives. - intensity - type - location - duration - adaptation

- type

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a worm- shaped band of cortex called the - vermis. - arbor vitae. - folia. - pyramid. - cerebellar peduncles.

- vermis.

The Roman numeral VIII indicates the ________ nerve. - abducens - trochlear - trigeminal - vestibulocochlear - oculomotor

- vestibulocochlear

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the - prefrontal cortex. - Wernicke's area. - visual cortex. - Broca's area. - postcentral gyrus.

- visual cortex.