Anatomy and Physiology Ch. 1
Early medical providers developed the language of anatomy and physiology from what?
Greek and Latin
Examples of molecules are
H 0 , C H O
Primitive people certainly suffered from what?
aches, pains, injuries, diseases, and broken bones
Anatomy and Physiology are difficult to seperate because
anatomical structures make possible their functions
Chemicals consist of tiny particles called
atoms
the heart valve ensures that
blood moves in the proper direction
A type of hydrostatic pressure in the human is
blood pressure
Digestion is
breakdown of food substances into simpler forms to be absorbed and used
Examples of macromolecules are
carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Within humans, the basic unit of a structure is
cell
Movement is
change in body position or position of body part, motion of an internal organ
Assimilation is
changing of absorbed substances into different chemical froms
All materials are made of
chemicals
Tooth decay was highest among who?
city residents
In a negative feedback mechanism, a deciation from the set point is ________ and the correction _________
corrected, reduces the actions of the effectors
Control centers funtion to
decide what a particle valve should be
Examples of atoms are
elements -H, N
Nutrients supply what
energy and raw materials for new living matter
What do anatomist rely on?
examination of the body
With agriculture, humans became susceptible to worm diseases because
excretement was used in fertilizer for plants
Physiologis rely on?
experimentation
Substances that provide organisms with nutrients are called
food
atmospheric pressure is
force acting on outside of a land organism due to weight in air above it
A form of energy used by the body is
heat
the organism studied in this class is the
human
Reseachers have recently sequenced_________ which will help explain anatomy and physiology at the _________ and __________ levels
human genome, cellular, molecular
Tooth decay was lowest among who?
hunter gatherers
a recent physiological discovery is
identification of a hormone called "ghrelin" controlls fat
The body uses oxygen when
in the process of releasing nutrients from nutrients
Growth is
increase of body size without change in shape
With urbanization, humans became more susceptible to what? (2)
infectious diseases and malnutrition
receptors provide
information about specific conditions in the internal environment- can be molecule or cell
What did the interests of our earliest ancestors most likely concern?
injures and illness
Examples of organ systems include
integumentary, skeletal, digestive
Before agriculture, infectous diseases did not spread easily because
isolated bands of people had little contact with each other
The anatomy of the hand, which is ________, allows it to grasp objects
long jointed bones, with attached muscles
Organelles are made of
macromolecules
When small molecules chemically combine they form
macromolecules
Four major uses of water by the body are
metavolic processes chemical reactions to transport substance and regulate body temperature
Examples of Organelles are
mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.
When atoms chemically bond together they form
molecules
Circulation is
movement of substances in body fluids
The forerunners of modern drugs were what?
notions and potions
Respiration is
obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from food
teeth can function to break solid foods because
of digestion
Organ systems are formed from
organ systems
Organisims are formed from
organ systems
Cells are made of small structures called
organelles
one-fifth of air is
oxygen
Absorption is
passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
The structure of the heart includes ____________ which allows it to propel blood into blood vessels
power muscular walls
the application of force on an object is
pressure
a recent anatomical discovery is
previously unknown muscle in hand
Reproduction is
production of new organisms and new cells
heat helps to regulate
rates of metabolic reactions
Responsiveness is
reaction to a change inside or outside of body
the shape of the mouth allows it to
receive food
The three components of a homeostatic mechanism are
receptors, a control center, and effectors
Excretion is
removal of waste products by metabolic reactions
Effectors are
responses within the body that alter conditions in internal environment
Homeostatic mechanisms are
self regulating mechanisms that maintain homeostasis
Tissues are formed from
similar cells to form tissue
Examples of tissues are
simple squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue
Examples of cells are
skin, blood, muscle, brain
Examples of organs are
skin, femur, heart, kidney
What is physiology?
study of functions of body parts
What is Anatomy?
study of structure of body parts (forms and organization)
Metabolism is
sum of all physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and utilize energy
At first healers had to rely on what?
superstitions and notions and potions
Homeostasis is
the bodies maintenance of a stable internal environment
The internal environment of the body consists of
the fluids that surrounds the cell, extra cellular fluids and the cell themselves
Hydrostatic pressure is
the pressure exerted by liquids
Organs are formed from
tissues
The most abundant substance in the body is
water
the five requirements of life are:
water, food, oxygen, heat, and pressure
Preserved bones from children can reflect malnutritioin because
when a child starves, the ends of the bones stop growing which leaves behind areas of dense bone