Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 20 Review Wiley
In a typical electrocardograph (ECG) the first deflection wave is the ___ wave, which measures atrial depolarization.
P
Which represents the correct flow of excitation through the cardiac conduction system? SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers right and left bundle branches, bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches, bundle of His, AV node, SA node AV node, SA node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers AV node, SA node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
What is occurring during isovolumetric contraction? the amount of blood in each atria is the same the semilunar valves are open and the AV valves are closed the point at which all blood has been ejected from the ventricles all four valves are closed both atria are ejecting blood at the same time
all four valves are closed
The __________ arises from the left ventricle and delivers oxygenated blood throughout the body.
aorta
The left ventricle ejects blood into the .
aorta
Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through the _________valve before entering the aorta.
aortic
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the A tricuspid valve B bicuspid valve C pulmonary semilunar valve D aortic semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
The orientation of the heart is directed anteriorly and inferiorly with the ____________ to the left.
apex
Blood ejected by the right ventricle flows through the pulmonary ____________ to the lungs.
arteries
Heart valves are designed to open and allow a one directional flow of blood and then close to prevent
backflow
The upper atrial chambers (mostly the left atrium) forms the __________ of the heart.
base
The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the A aortic semilunar valve B tricuspid valve C bicuspid valve D pulmonary semilunar valve
bicuspid valve
The ___________ are vessels that allow for exchange of nutrients and gases.
capillaries
The amount of blood ejected from either ventricle every minute is called:
cardiac output
All of the following structures are associated with the right atrium except A coronary sinus B pectinate muscles C sinoatrial node D chordae tendineae
chordae tendineae
Atrioventricular valves are anchored to papillary muscles by
chordae tendineae
The left coronary artery branches into the anterior interventricular branch and the _________ branch.
circumflex
Branching off the ascending aorta, the _____ ___________carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium of the heart.
coronary arteries
Branching off the ascending aorta, the ______ _________carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium of the heart.
coronary arteries
There are three vessels that deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. The _________ ___________ drains the myocardium of the heart and returns the blood to the right atrium
coronary sinus
The fibrous skeleton of the heart is composed of __________ ____________ tissue.
dense connective
The ductus arteriosus shunted __________ blood into the aorta.
deoxygenated
The is the innermost lining of the heart
endocardium
The heart is often described as the size of your
fist
A prominent fetal structure found in the septum between the right and left atrium is the
foramen ovale
The function of the pericardial fluid is to reduce
friction
The first branches of the ascending aorta deliver oxygenated blood to the
heart
The fibrous skeleton of the heart not only anchors the valves and prevents overstretching of the valves, it serves as an electrical ___________ between the atria and the ventricles.
insulator
Mitral valve prolapse allows a backflow of blood into the
left atrium
The __________ ___________ receives oxygenated blood from the left and right pulmonary veins.
left atrium
During aortic insufficiency there is a backflow of blood from the aorta into the .
left ventricle
Identify the chamber of the heart that has the greatest resistance and works the hardest to maintain blood flow. A left ventricle B left atrium C right atrium D right ventricle
left ventricle
Identify the chamber of the heart that pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve.
left ventricle
The ________ ___________ of the heart has the thickest myocardium.
left ventricle
Identify the structure in the adult that represents the remnant of the fetal connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta. A foramen ovale B ligamentum arteriosum C liagmentum venosum D ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs
Ninety-five percent of the cardiac wall is formed from cardiac muscle fiber and is known as the
myocardium
The contractile, functional layer of the heart is the A myocardium B endocardium C epicardium D pericardium
myocardium
The heart wall that is the thickest is the A epicardium B pericardium C endocardium D myocardium
myocardium
Which of the layers of the heart are responsible for the pumping action of the heart? A endocardium B myocardium C visceral pericardium D epicardium
myocardium
When pressure in the atria is greater than ventricular pressure, the atrioventricular valves are
open
__________ muscles are found in the anterior portion of each atrium.
pectinate
The _______ is found between the layers of the serous pericardium.
pericardial fluid
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is the
pericardium
Valves of the heart open and close in response to __________________as the heart contracts and relaxes.
pressure changes
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the A pulmonary semilunar valve B aortic semilunar valve C tricuspid valve D bicuspid valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
Identify the structure indicated in this diagram.
pulmonary valve
The coronary arteries fill with blood from the aorta when the heart is
relaxing
Both the right and left ventricles eject the same volume of blood, but the ____________ ventricle is thinner because the required workload needed is less than the opposing side.
right
The __________ ____________chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus.
right atrium
The superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus all drain into the A right ventricle B left ventricle C left atrium D right atrium
right atrium
Which of the following is the correct pathway of blood starting at the right atrium? right atrium, left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta right atrium, aorta, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary trunk, right ventricle, pulmonary veins right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta right atrium, pulmonary trunk, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta, right ventricle
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Identify the chamber of the heart that pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve. A left ventricle B left atrium C right atrium D right ventricle
right ventricle
The __________ valves are composed of three crescent moon-shaped cusps.
semilunar
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states:
the more the heart is stretched pre-contraction the stronger the force of contraction
All of the following are characteristics of the right ventricle except A thick myocardium B tricuspid valve C chordae tendineae D pulmonary semilunar valve
thick myocardium
The heart lies within the mediastinum with two-thirds of the mass of the heart oriented A towards the right B with the apex superior and base inferior C towards the left D midline to the sternum
towards the left
The raised ridges of cardiac muscle found in the ventricles are called the chordae tendineae trabeculae carneae pectinate muscle ligamentum arteriosum fossa ovalis
trabeculae carneae
The atrioventricular valve found between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the
tricuspid valve
The anterior interventricular branch of the coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of both
ventricles
The atrioventricular valves close when there is an increase in
ventricular pressure
How many flaps are in each semilunar valve? A 3 B 1 C 2 D 4
3
The heart is composed of ____________ layers.
3
The human heart has _____ chambers.
4
A shallow groove on the anterior surface of the heart that defines the external boundaries of the left and right ventricles is the A anterior interventricular sulcus B coronary sulcus C coronary sinus D interventricular septum
A
All of the following structures are associated with the right atrium except A chordae tendineae B coronary sinus C pectinate muscles D sinoatrial node
A
Blood flow from the pulmonary veins increases interatrial pressure and opens these valves. A bicuspid valve B aortic semilunar valve C tricuspid valve D pulmonary semilunar valve
A
Contraction of papillary muscles A prevent the atrioventricular valves from projecting into the atrium B close semilunar valves C increase atrial pressure and ensure blood movement to ventricle D close atrioventricular valves
A
During ventricular diastole, which of the following describe the orientation of the heart valves? A atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves closed B atrioventricular valves closed, semilunar valves closed C atrioventricular valves closed, semilunar valves open D atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves open
A
In fetal circulation, most of the blood entering the left atrium enters through A foramen ovale B pulmonary arteries C ductus arteriosus D pulmonary veins
A
Pacemaker potentials, unlike hyperpolarizing potentials will allow which of the following to occur? A activate the Sino-atrial node to fire B activate the Atrio-ventricular node to fire C activate a nerve impulse through the AV bundle D allow a nerve impulse to pass through the bundle branches
A
The coronary sinus returns blood from the myocardium into the A right atrium B right ventricle C left atrium D left ventricle
A
The foramen ovale in the adult interatrial septum is A fetal remnant B a congenital defect C nodal cells D ligamentum arteriosum
A
When the semilunar valves are open which of the following statements are true? 1. Atrioventricular valves are open. 2. Atrioventricular valves are closed. 3. Blood enters the pulmonary trunk. 4. Blood enters the aorta. 5. The ventricles are in systole. 6. The ventricles are in diastole. 7. Intraventricular pressure is high. 8. Intraventricular pressure is low.
A
Which chamber receives blood from the four pulmonary veins? A left atrium B right atrium C left ventricle D right ventricle
A
Which layer of the heart covers the valves of the heart and is continuous with the lining of the large blood vessels? A endocardium B visceral pericardium C myocardium D epicardium
A
Chordae tendineae A form and reinforce the floors of the ventricles B prevent the atrioventricular valves from everting C reinforce the valves of the heart D form part of the conduction system of the heart
B
The bicuspid valve is located A between the right atrium and the right ventricle B between the left atrium and the left ventricle C at the opening of the aorta D at the opening of the pulmonary trunk
B
The inner most layer of the serous pericardium is also called the A parietal pleural B epicardium C visceral pleural D fibrous pericardium
B
The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to all tissues except A head and upper arms B pulmonary alveoli of the lungs C myocardium of the heart D trunk and lower limbs of the body You selected A : head and upper arms got it wrong the correct Answer is B : pulmonary alveoli of the lungs
B
The left ventricle is anatomically different from the right ventricle because A it is innervated by parasympathetic neurons B the myocardium is larger and generates more force C the ventricular chamber is smaller D it makes up the base of the heart
B
The left ventricle pumps blood to the A pulmonary circuit B system circuit C right atrium D right ventricle
B
The pericardial cavity is located between the A myocardium and the epicardium B parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium C visceral layer of the serous pericardium and the epicardium D parietal layer of the serous pericardium and the fibrous pericardium
B
The structure that encircles the heart and serves as a demarcation between the atria and the ventricles is the A great cardiac sulcus B coronary sulcus C interventricular sulcus D anterior interventricular sulcus
B
The trabeculae carneae muscles are A muscles that anchor chordae tendineae B muscles that make the foundation of the ventricles C muscles that reinforce the valves of the heart D muscles that reinforce the walls of the atrium
B
The valve separating the left ventricle and ascending aorta is the A bicuspid valve B aortic semilunar valve C pulmonary semilunar valve D tricuspid valve
B
This heart chamber is designed to create the greatest pressure. A right ventricle B left ventricle C right atrium D left atrium
B
Which blood vessels deliver blood to the left atrium? A inferior vena cava B left and right pulmonary veins C superior vena cava D coronary sinus
B
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? A left atrium B left ventricle C right atrium D right ventricle
B
Which chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood? A left and right atrial chambers B right atrium and right ventricle C left atrium and left ventricle D left and right ventricular chambers
B
A patient has pulmonary edema but not peripheral edema. Which of the following is probably true of the patient's heart? A The patient's left atrium is failing. B The patient's right ventricle is failing. C The patient's left ventricle is failing. D The patient's right atrium is failing.
C
All of the following describe the atrium except A receiving chambers B superior heart chambers C arterial blood fills the chamber D contain auricles
C
Blood flows into coronary vessels A when the aorta is under low pressure B when the pulmonary artery is under pressure C when the heart relaxes D when the heart contracts You selected C : when the heart relaxes got it correct
C
Blood that enters the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava enters the atrium flows through the ____________ valve and enters the ventricle. A pulmonary semilunar B aortic semilunary C tricuspid D bicuspid
C
Cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that cardiac muscle cells A are larger than skeletal muscle cells B are linear C are chemically and functionally connected into a single functional unit D are all self-excitatory
C
Contraction of papillary muscles A increase atrial pressure and ensure blood movement to ventricle B close atrioventricular valves C prevent the atrioventricular valves from projecting into the atrium D close semilunar valves
C
Depriving the heart muscle of oxygen by blockage of the coronary arteries is called A angina B reperfusion C infarction D stenosis
C
Identify the layer of the pericardium that adheres directly on the heart. A fibrous pericardium B serous pericardium C visceral layer of the serous pericardium D parietal layer of the serous pericardium
C
The greater, middle and anterior cardiac veins all carry blood into the A circumflex branch B marginal branch C coronary sinus D great cardiac vein
C
The heart may be described by all of the following anatomical descriptions except A the size of a closed fist B resting on the diaphragm and posterior of the sternum C obliquely oriented with the apex toward the right D the base of the heart containing mostly the left atrium
C
The membrane that surrounds and is attached to the heart is A parietal pericardium B endocardium C visceral pericardium D fibrous pericardium
C
The right atrium, right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk are involved in A systemic circulation B cerebral circulation C pulmonary circulation D abdominal circulation You selected A : systemic circulation got it wrong the correct Answer is C : pulmonary circulation
C
Which blood vessel receives blood during right ventricular systole? A aorta B superior vena cava C pulmonary artery D pulmonary veins
C
Which of the following statements comparing the atria and the ventricles is true? A The thickness of the myocardium is the same in atria and ventricles. B Pectinate muscles line the walls of atria and ventricles. C The ventricles are capable of holding more blood than the atrial chambers. D The atrial chambers receive only deoxygenated blood.
C
Which of the following structures contain valves that regulate blood flow? A the superior and inferior vena cava and the entry into the right atrium B the right and left pulmonary veins and entry into the left atrium C between the atrium and ventricle on the left side and the right side D between the coronary sinus and the right atrium
C
Which part of the cardiac conduction system relays the action potential to the ventricles? A SA node B Purkinje fiber C bundle of HIS D AV node
C
In pulmonary capillaries, the blood unloads _________ ___________ and picks up oxygen.
Carbon dioxide
All of the following are functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart except A prevents overstretching of the valves as blood flows through them B acts as point of insertion for the cardiac muscle fibers C provides structural foundation of the heart valves D acts as a conductor of electrical signals from the atrium to the ventricles
D
All of the following are true of cardiac valves except A they ensure a one directional flow of blood through the heart B both semilunar and atrioventricular valves close to prevent backflow C they open and close due to pressure differences D they are all connected by chordeae tendineae
D
An individual appears in the ER with severed chordae tendineae in the right ventricle. The result of this would be A decrease blood volume to the pulmonary trunk B eversion of the tricuspid valve C reduced valve efficiency D all of these are results of severed chordae tendineae
D
Atrioventricular valves open A during ventricular systole B the same time semilunar valves open C due to increased tension from chordae tendineae D when atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure
D
Conduction cells reach threshold because A nodal cells reach threshold because of a sodium/potassium ATPase pump B a nerve innervates the nodal cell and opens a sodium channel C a ligand binds to a nodal receptor that opens a sodium channel D nodal cells do not have a stable membrane potential
D
The mechanism of closing a semilunar valve is A a decrease in atrial pressure B an increase in atrial pressure C an increase in ventricular pressure D a decrease in ventricular pressure
D
The prolonged depolarization (plateau) in cardiac contraction cells is due to A inflow of Ca++ only B inflow of K+ and outflow of Ca++ C inflow of Ca++ and outflow of Ca++ D inflow of Ca++ and outflow of K+
D
The pulmonary semilunar valve guards the entrance to the A left ventricle B pulmonary veins C right ventricle D pulmonary trunk
D
When the semilunar valves of the heart are open, which of the following occur?1. The AV valves are closed. 2. The ventricles are in systole. 3. The ventricles are in diastole. 4. Blood enters the aorta. 5. Blood enters the pulmonary artery. 6. The atria contract. A 1, 2, 3, and 5 B 2, 3, 5, and 6 C 2, 3, 4, and 6 D 1, 2, 4, and 5
D
hese valves have three flaps with chordae tendineae, they are A aortic semilunar valves B pulmonary semilunar valves C bicuspid valves D tricuspid valves
D
If the heart rate is 65 beats/min and the stroke volume is 70 ml, cardiac output is 135 ml/min. True or False
False
Which of the following places the phases of the cardiac cycle in correct order? isovolumetric contraction, atrial contraction, ventricular filling, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation, atrial contraction atrial contraction, isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular filling, atrial contraction atrial contraction, isovolumetric contraction, ventricular filling, isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, atrial contraction atrial contraction, isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, ventricular filling, atrial contraction atrial contraction, isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular filling, isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, atrial contraction
atrial contraction, isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular filling, atrial contraction
Incompetent or damaged chordae tendineae may allow blood to regurgitate (backflow) into the
atrium
The dog ear-like flap that extends from each atria are the
auricle
