anatomy and physiology chapter 3 (assignment)

water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration

osmosis

kinases add ______ to proteins

phosphates

when sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when ________

the dissolved sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution

the directional movement of ions by facilitated diffusion through protein channels is determined by ___

the electrochemical gradient of the ion being transported

atp is converted into the second messenger cAMP by the enzyme _______

adenylate cyclase

facilitated diffusion requires ______

carrier proteins

water you drink is absorbed into the blood from the digestive tract. an increase in water intake causes a(n) ______ in the plasma osmolarity.

decrease

a reduction in the number of glucose carrier proteins within the plasma membrane ______ the rate of glucose diffusion

decreases

when sodium ion channels open, sodium will always diffuse ______

down its own concentration gradient

cellular products such as hormones and neurotransmitters are released by the process of ______

exocytosis

simple and facilitated diffusion differ because

facilitated diffusion requires the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, while simple diffusion does not

the ______ determines if glucose moves into or out of the hepatocyte

glucose concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluid

lysosomes are membrane bound vesicles that arise from the _________

golgi complex

the movement of water by osmosis is always from a _____

high to low water concentration

the lysosome contains _______ enzymes

hydrolytic

facilitated diffusion occurs _______

in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule

simple diffusion is defined as the movement of ________

molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. this process is best described as ________

phagocytosis

phagocytosis and pinocytosis differ in that _________

phagocytosis allows for the transport of larger particles than pinocytosis

the most specific type of endocytosis is _______

receptor mediated endocytosis

exocytosis is a process by which cells _________

release substances from the cell via vesicles

a red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will _______

shrink

when the acetylcholine binds to the receptor sites ________

the sodium channels open

changes in the membrane potential trigger the opening or closing of ____

voltage gated channels