Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 6 Test

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

epiphyseal growth has ended

Which of the following bones contains the cribriform foramina?

ethmoid

The bony structure of the orbit is composed of which of the following?

ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine

Typical movement at a hinge joint includes

extension flexion

Which of the following is a step in the intramembranous ossification?

fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue

The paranasak sinuses are located in the ______ bone.

frontal ethmoid sphenoid maxillary

The coronal suture is the boundary between which bones?

frontal and parietal

The lateral contour of the shoulder is formed by what part of the humerus?

greater tubercle

Structural characteristics of the pelvic girdle that adapt it to the role of bearing weight of the body include

heavy bones strong and stable joints

The joints between the phalanges are classified as

hinges

The trochlea is a part of the

humerous

Most bones in the appendicular skeleton develop from

hyaline cartialge the process of endochondral ossification

The bones of the pelvis

include both axial and appendicular elements

The hormone calcitonin functions to

increase the rate if bone deposition

A movement that turns the sole of the foot inward is an example of

inversion

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed

inversion

The patella

is a sesamoid bone

The structure that surrounds a diathrotic joint is called a

joint capsule

The largest, most complex synovial joint is the

knee

The lateral collateral ligament is part of which joint

knee

Layers of bone are reffered to as

lamellae

The bones of the limbs are classified as

long bones

Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk?

lumbar

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include

maintaining blood calcium levels

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the

mandible

The point of attachment for muscles that extended and rotate the head is the

mastiod process

Which of the following bones bear teeth?

maxillae mandible

A cleft palate is malformation of which bone?

maxillary

An accessory structure of a joint that subdivides a synovial cavity, channels the flow of synovial fluid, or allows for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces is a

meniscus

The bones that form the palms of the hands are the

metacarpals

Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is

most robust, adapted for weight bearing

The special movement of the thumb that allows it is grasp an object and hold onto it is called

opposition

Immature, active bone cells are termed

osteoblasts

Red bone marrow functions are the formation of

osteoblasts

In intramembranous ossification

osteoblasts differentiate within a connective tissue ossification occurs at the ossification center

Bone cells capable of breaking down bonds are termed

osteoclasts

Infection of a bone is called

osteomyelitis

Which of the following is only found in compact bone?

osteons

Which of the following make up most of the bone tissues?

osteons

In addition of osseous tissue, a typical bone contains

other connective tissues smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls) neural tissues

The bony rood of the mouth is formed by

palatine bones maxillae

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

periosteum

The fibula

provides lateral stability to the ankle

Coxal bones include the

pubis ishichium ilium

Various classifcations of joints are based on

range of motion permitted structural composition specific type of movement

The appendicular skeleton consists of

the bones of the arms the bones of the legs the bones of the hands and feet the bones that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

The pelvic girdle consists of

the ilium, ischium, and pubis

The joints that are subjected to the greatest forces would be found in

the legs

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?

the scapula

The temporomandibular joint is

the site of the articulation between the cranium and mandible

The ribs articulate with

the transverse processes of the vertebrae

As you proceed from the head inferiorly down the vertebral column

the vertebrae become larger the transverse processes become shorter the body of the vertebrae become heavier the spinous processes become larger

Costal processes are located on _______ vertebrae

thoracic

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the

thoracic and pelvic

Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured?

wrist

Imroper administration of CPR can force the _____ into the liver

xiphoid process

The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the

xiphoid process

Which of the following is most likely to be damaged during CPR?

xiphoid process

Functions of the curves of the vertebral column include which of the following?

acommodation of the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera

One role of the frontanels is to

allow for compression of the skull during childbirth

Intervertebral joints are

amphiarthrotic. symphyses. gliding joints. actually made up of three separate joints.

Compared to the male pelvis, the female pelvis has

an enlarged pelvic outlet. a wider, more circular pelvic inlet. a broader pubic arch.

The structure of the hip bone that can easily be felt on the front of the hip is the

anterior superior iliac spine

Bones within the temporal bone that are important to hearing are called

auditory ossicles

The divisions of the skeletal system include

axial and appendicular

In which of the following is rotation a permitted movement?

ball and socket

A small, synovial-fluid-filled pocket in connective tissue, which may be connected to a joint cavity, is a

bursa

The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a `

condyle

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

connective tissue

The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is the

coronoid fossa

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Blood vessels invade the perichondrium 2. Osteoblasts create a marrow cavity 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify 4. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone 5. The perichondrium is converted into periosteum, and the inner layer produces bone

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

The coccyx is composed of ______ fused vertebrae

3-5

The vertebral column contains ______ lumbar vertebrae

5

The vertebral column contains _____ cervical vertebrae

7

In the skeletal system, compact bone is located

where bones are most heavily stressed

Paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones? (1) frontal bone (2) sphenoid (3) ethmoid (4) maxilla (5) nasal bone

1, 2, 3, 4

Humans have ___ pairs of ribs

12

The appendicular skeleton contains ______ bones

126

Billy is injured during a high school football game. His chest is badly bruised, and he is experiencing difficulty breathing. What might be the problem?

Billy has probably broken one or more of his ribs. Movement of the ribs changes the size of the thoracic cavity, which is an important part of breathing. When the ribs are broken, breathing can become difficult (labored) because the ribs cannot function properly. It is also possible that the injury caused a rib to pierce one of the lungs, resulting in a condition known as a pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, due to air in the pleural cavity.

Differentiate between compact bone and spongy bone

Compact bone has osteons situated in closely packed areas and is found where stresses come from a limited range of direction. Spongy bone has large spaces between thin, bony plates and is found where stresses are few or come from many different directions. Compact bone provides strength, whereas spongy bone serves to reduce the weight of bones

Why might a person suffering from osteoporosis benefit from increased calcium ingestion?

In osteoporosis, a decrease in the calcium content of bones leads to bones that are weak and brittle. Increased calcium ingestion raises blood calcium levels and triggers osteoblasts to form new bone. This new formation of bone can help diminish the bone decrease due to overactive osteoclasts.

The clavicle articulates with the

Manurbrium

Mary has just finished pitching a fast-pitch softball game. What joint is most likely to be sore, and why?

Pitching a softball repeatedly requires the shoulder's ball-and-socket joint to sustain a great deal of circumductive forces. The shoulder is most likely to be sore as a result of these repeated forced circumductions and the friction and tension associated with them.

When playing a contact sport, which injury would you expect to occur more frequently: a dislocated shoulder or a dislocated hip? Why?

Shoulder dislocations would occur more frequently than hip dislocations because the shoulder is a more mobile joint. Because of its mobility, the shoulder joint is not bound tightly by ligaments or other structures and is easier to dislocate when excessive forces are applied. The hip joint, although mobile, is stabilized by four heavy ligaments; bones fit together snugly in the joint. The synovial capsule of the hip joint is larger than the shoulder, and the range of motion is not as great. These factors contribute to the joint being more stable and less easily dislocated.

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the

Squamosal suture

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Storage pf inorganic salts protection of vital organs iocomotion support

Functions of the skeletal system include

Support, storage, protection, blood cell production

Jennifer undergoes a pelvic scan to determine if she has any fractures as a result of a car accident. To her delight, the technician does not find any fractures. He does note, however, that Jennifer's acetabulae are markedly shallow bilaterally. What might the technician conclude about Jennifer as a result of this finding?

The technician should predict that Jennifer may have rather flexible hip joints. The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum of the pelvis. The bones of the acetabulum limit the movements of the femur as a result. Since Jennifer's acetabulae are shallow, this limiting factor would be reduced.

A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is

abduction

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed

abduction

The socket that recieves the head of the femur is the

acetabulum

The atlas is classified as a _________ vertebra

cervical

Circular motion is called

circumduction

The only fixed support for the pectoral girdle is the

clavicle

The pectoral girdle consists of the

clavicle and scapula

The pectoral girdle meets the axial skeleton where the

clavicle attaches the manubrium

Organic components of the matrix bone include

collagen fibers

The parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital bones are

cranium

The knee joint is reinforced by

cruciate ligaments. fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments. patellar ligaments. tibial (medial) collateral ligaments.

Which of the following associations is most accurate?

diarthoses, synovial

Which of the following problems might be due to the injury of structures associated with the hyoid bone?

difficulty in swallowing soreness upon movement of the back of the tongue

The nasal septum includes which of the following?

vomer perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

Structural charachteristics of the pectoral girdle that adapt it to a wide range of movement include

relatively weak joints

A compound fracture

results in bone breaking the skin

Which of the following is part of the wrist?`

scaphoid

An exaggereated lateral curvature is termed

scoliosis

The pituitary gland is located in the

sella turcica

The structure that houses the pituitary gland is called the

sella turcica

The ankle contains _____ bones

seven

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?

shock absorption

Features of the maxillae include

sinuses alveolar processes orbital rims inferior orbital foramina

The vertebral arches surround and protext the

spinal cord

Which of the following is a part of the nasal septum?

vomer bone

The parathyoid hormone

stiluates osteoclasts activity increases the rate of calcium absorption decreases the rate of calcium excretion

Dislocations involving synovial joints are usually prevented by

structures such as ligaments that stabilize and support the joint. the shape of the articulating surface. the presence of other bones that prevent certain movements. the position of muscles and fat pads that limit the degree of movement

The _____ of the radius assists in the stabilization of the wrist joint.

styloid process

The long, skinny process near the external auditory meatus is the

styloid process

Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the

subscapular fossa

The corners of the scapula include the

superior angle, inferior angle, and lateral angle

A synovial membrane

surrounds the joint cavity. secretes synovial fluid. stores small amounts of adipose tissue. lubricates the joint.

A joint that holds skull bones together is called a

suture

Which of the following joints is located on the skull?

suture

Skull bones are joined by tight connection called

sutures

A fibrous joint in which bones are held together by an interosseous ligamet is

syndesmosis

Which of the following joints permits slight movement?

syndesmosis

A joint that permits free movement is called

synovial joint

The arches of the foot are supported by

tarsal bones

The juglar foramen is made from depressions of which pair of bones?

temporal and occipital

Bones of the skull that articulare the zygomatic bone include

temporal bone frontal bone maxillary bone sphenoid

The only moveable joint in the head is the

temporomandibular joint.

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

trabeculae

Performing canals (canals of Volkmann)

transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone

Prood of the fusion of vertebrae in the sacrum is evidenced by the

transverse sacral ridges

Which two features make up the hinge at the elbow?

trochlea of the humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

Ribs that join the sternum directly are called _____ ribs.

true

The radial structures in contact with the ulna include the

ulnar notch head