Anatomy and Physiology II: Chapter 29
The developmental period that is the period of all embryological and early fetal development is - the third trimester. - adolescence. - infancy. - the second trimester. - the first trimester.
the first trimester
\The period of gestation that is characterized by rapid fetal growth and fat deposition is the ________ trimester. - first - second - third
third
During gastrulation, - the blastomeres fuse. - three germ layers are formed. - the placenta penetrates the endometrium. - cells from the hypoblast move to the epiblast. - the neural tube closes.
three germ layers are formed
Oxygenated blood from the placenta returns to the fetus in the - umbilical arteries. - umbilical capillaries. - decidua capsularis. - umbilical vein. - allantois.
umbilical vein
Which of the following is not one of the extraembryonic membranes? - allantois - amnion - umbilical cord - yolk sac - chorion
umbillical cord
Sperm cannot fertilize an oocyte until they - undergo meiosis. - are activated by sustentacular cells of the vagina. - undergo capacitation. - are in the vagina for 3 days. - lose their flagellum.
undergo capacitation
The extraembryonic membrane that forms blood is the - amnion. - decidua. - allantois. - chorion. - yolk sac.
yolk sac
Which of these statements about ectopic pregnancy is false? - It does not yield a viable embryo. - The embryo may implant in the uterine tube. - Vaginal delivery is often possible. - The mother's life may be endangered. - It occurs in less than 1 percent of pregnancies.
Vaginal delivery is often possible.
Polyspermy results in - fetuses with different fathers. - haploid individuals. - chimeric adults. - twins. - a nonfunctional zygote.
a nonfunctional zygote.
In simple autosomal inheritance, phenotypic characters are determined, or controlled, by - the action of a single gene. - a single pair of alleles. - the genes on the Y chromosome. - regulator genes on a different chromosome. - multiple alleles.
a single pair of alleles
Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane causes - extrusion of the second polar body. - membrane fusion. - oocyte activation. - completion of the second meiosis. - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
The placenta is a source of which of the following hormones? - hCG - placental lactogen - progesterone - relaxin - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
Which of the following activities occurs during senescence? - reduced mitosis in stem cells - reduction in immune response - accumulation of mutations - decrease in the size of some cell populations - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
Which of the following are recognized classes of abortion? - spontaneous - induced - therapeutic - spontaneous and induced - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
Which of the following is a critical event of the first trimester? - implantation - cleavage - embryogenesis - placentation - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
The alternate forms of any one gene are called - alleles. - homologous. - autosomes. - homozygous. - heterozygous.
alleles
The extraembryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the - decidua. - yolk sac. - allantois. - amnion. - chorion.
amnion
A space opens within the inner cell mass that will form the - allantois. - amniotic cavity. - chorion. - blastocoele. - lacunae.
amnoitic cavity
If fertilization occurs, the ________ is maintained because the embryo secretes ________. - corpus albicans; human chorionic gonadotrophin - corpus albicans; placental prolactin - corpus cavernosum; human chorionic gonadotrophin - corpus luteum; luteinizing hormone - corpus luteum; human chorionic gonadotrophin
corpus luteum; human chorionic gonadotrophin
The part of the endometrium that covers the implanted embryo and lacks chorionic villi is the - decidua capsularis. - decidua albicans. - decidua functionalis. - decidua parietalis. - decidua basalis.
decidua capsularis
The mesoderm forms - respiratory epithelium. - muscle. - epidermis. - the brain. - the lining of the digestive tract.
muscle
The ________ period extends from birth to 1 month. - post-embryonic - neogen - neonatal - zygotic - post-fetal
neonatal
Ectoderm is to ________ as mesoderm is to ________. - cardiovascular system; neural tissue - muscle tissue; nerve tissue - mesoderm; endoderm - neural tissue; muscle tissue - neural tissue; epithelial tissue
neural tissue; muscle tissue
The ectoderm forms - neural tissues. - blood. - the urinary system. - the lining of the digestive tract. - muscle.
neural tissues
Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of - estrogen. - oxytocin. - progesterone. - chorionic gonadotropin. - relaxin.
oxytocin
________ is the medical specialty that focuses on postnatal development from infancy to adolescence. - Pediatrics - Orthopedics - Psychiatrics - Geriatrics - None of the answers is correct.
pediatrics
As a person ages, - lung tissue becomes more elastic. - all hormone levels decrease. - the skin becomes more elastic. - peristalsis and muscle tone decrease and some hormone levels decrease. - peristalsis and muscle tone decrease.
peristalsis and muscle tone decrease and some hormone levels decrease.
How many chromosomes do human gametes contain? - 92 - 23 - 12 - 46 - 6
23
How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain? - 23 - 6 - 12 - 92 - 46
46
A woman who is heterozygous for blood type A mates with a man who is homozygous for blood type O. What blood type(s) would their children have? - 75% heterozygous type A - 100% type O - 50% type A, 50% type O - 75% homozygous type O - 100% type A
50% type A, 50% type O
Which of the following does not occur during pregnancy? - A woman's respiratory rate and tidal volume increase. - Maternal blood volume increases. - Maternal nutrient requirements increase. - A woman's glomerular filtration rate increases. - A woman's bladder capacity increases.
A woman's bladder capacity increases.
________ are nearly identical cells that are produced by early cleavages. - Amnions - Gastrulas - Blastomeres - Morulas - Blastulas
Blastomeres
Which of the following statements concerning development is false? - Each blastomere in the blastula receives exactly the same cytoplasmic composition. - The developing oocyte receives molecules that affect development from the surrounding granulosa cells. - Cells release molecules that affect the developmental process of neighboring cells. - Differences in a cell's cytoplasmic makeup affect the cell's genetic activity. - The term induction refers to the chemical interplay between developing cells.
Each blastomere in the blastula receives exactly the same cytoplasmic composition.
Which of the following does not occur at puberty? - Secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop. - GnRH levels decline. - Gametogenesis begins. - FSH levels rise. - Levels of sex hormones rise.
GnRH levels decline.
The solid ball of cells that has been likened to a mulberry is called a - blastocyst. - chorion. - gastrula. - blastula. - morula.
morula.
Non-sex chromosomes are called - autosomal. - chromatids. - heterozygous. - homologous. - homozygous.
autosomal
Where in the embryo does mesoderm first appear? - between the cell layers of the inner cell mass - above the epiblast - within the blastocoele - around the trophoblast - in the chorionic villi
between the cell layers of the inner cell mass
The trophoblast has many of the characteristics of ________ cells. - infectious .- rejuvenating - epithelial - cancer - cardiac
cancer
The extraembryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta is the - decidua. - chorion. - amnion. - allantois. - yolk sac.
chorion
In polygenic inheritance, phenotypic characters are - determined by a double pair of alleles. - determined by the genes on the Y chromosome. - determined by interactions among several genes. - always controlled by genes on the same chromosome. - determined by multiple copies of a single gene.
determined by interactions among several genes.
The gradual modification of anatomical structures and physiologic characteristics from fertilization to maturity is termed - ontogeny. - disablement. - transformation. - development. - gametogenesis.
development
The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is - development. - embryogenesis. - differentiation. - capacitation. - All of the answers are correct.
development
The formation of different types of cells required in development, or ________, occurs through selective changes in genetic activity. - gametogenesis - differentiation - cupellation - deployment - phylogeny
differentiation
Initially, the nutrients absorbed by the trophoblast easily reach the inner cell mass by simple - peristalsis. - ciliary action. - osmosis. - diffusion. - convection.
diffusion
The first stage of labor is the ________ stage. - placental - decidual - dilation - expulsion - neonate
dilation
Which embryonic germ layer forms the brain and spinal cord? - epiderm - endoderm - ectoderm - mesoderm - trophoderm
ectoderm
In ________, implantation occurs somewhere other than in the uterus. - hydramnios - ectopic pregnancy - abortion - spontaneous abortion - placenta previa
ectopic pregnancy
Shortly after gastrulation, the body and organs of the embryo begin to form. This process is called - embryogenesis. - cleavage. - germination. - implantation. - placentation.
embryogenisis
Which embryonic germ layer forms the linings of the respiratory and digestive tracts? - trophoderm - endoderm - ectoderm - epiderm - mesoderm
endoderm
In a(n) ________, an incision is made in the perineal musculature. - epidural - episiotomy - lumbar puncture - peritoneal cut - crowning
episiotomy
The stage of labor during which the fetus emerges from the vagina is called the ________ stage. - expulsion - emergence - fetal - placental - dilation
expulsion
The neonatal period extends - until the first birthday. - for the first 24 hours of life. - for the first month of life. - until breast feeding stops. - from day 1 until day 60.
for the first month of life
The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will - provide nutrients for early growth. - form the embryo. - form the placenta. - form the morula. - form blood vessels of the placenta.
form the embryo
By day 12 of embryonic development, mesoderm begins to form through - meiosis. - mitosis. - embryolization. - gastrulation. - None of the answers is correct.
gastrulation
If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait, the individual is ________ for the trait. - homozygous - homologous - polygenic - autosomous - heterozygous
heterozygous
A blastocyst is a(n) - origin of the urinary bladder. - portion of the placenta. - extraembryonic membrane. - solid ball of cells. - hollow ball of cells.
hollow ball of cells
If an individual carries a pair of alleles that are the same, the individual is ________ for the trait. - polygenic - homozygous - heterozygous - autosomous - homologous
homozygous
The presence of a recessive gene can be detected (seen) only if the individual is - homozygous recessive. - epistatic recessive. - heterozygous dominant. - heterozygous recessive. - homozygous dominant.
homozygous recessive.
Proteolytic enzymes that digest a path through the zona pellucida include - relaxin and hyalouronidase. - acetic acid and hydrochloric acid. - hyaluronidase and acrosin. - acrosin and collagenase. - hyaluronidase and hCG.
hyaluronidase and acrosin.
The penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as - implantation. - fertilization. - embryogenesis. - placentation. - cleavage.
implantation.
Which of the following is false concerning the allantois? - It derives partly from endoderm. - Part will develop as the urinary bladder. - It projects into the umbilical cord. - It acts as the fetal bone marrow. - It stores nitrogenous wastes.
it acts as fetal bone marrow
If a sperm carrying the "Y" chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the resulting offspring will be - fraternal twins. - female. - male. - haploid. - Rh positive blood type.
male
The region known as the primitive streak is the site of - migration of ectodermal cells to form the mesoderm. - ectoderm formation. - migration of mesodermal cells to form the endoderm. - endoderm formation. - amnion formation.
migration of ectodermal cells to form the mesoderm.
After fertilization, the first cell division is completed - more than a day later. - about 6 hours later. - within the hour. - within a few seconds. - in 12 hours.
more than a day later
During the ________ stage, the placenta is expelled from the uterus. - expulsion - crowning - exit - placental - dilation
placental
The hormone that increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis during pregnancy is - progesterone. - human placental lactogen. - human chorionic gonadotropin. - luteinizing hormone. - relaxin.
relaxin.
The 23rd set of chromosomes determines - sex drive. - blood type. - sex. - body characteristics. - characteristics of the brain.
sex
Which of the following is not part of oocyte activation? - influx of sodium ion - discharge of exocytotic vesicles - softening of the zona pellucida - membrane depolarization - release of calcium ion from smooth ER
softening of the zona pellucida
