Anatomy & Physiology II Test 3 Study
If a man is colorblind and a woman is homozygous recessive for Colorblindness, an X-linked trait, what is the percentage chance that they will have a son who is color blind? A: 0% B: 25% C: 50% D: 75% E: 100%
A: 0%
Identify the hormone that reabsorbs Na+ ions and secrets K+ ions at the DCT and collecting ducts: A: Aldosterone B: Angiotensin C: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) D: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E: Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)
A: Aldosterone
The section of the nephron that fluid enters after leaving the nephron loop is the : A: DCT (Distal convoluted tubule) B: Ascending limb of Nephron loop (Loop of Henle) C: Descending limb of Nephron loop (Loop of Henle) D: PCT (Proximal convoluted tubule) E: Collecting duct
A: DCT (Distal convoluted tubule)
A blockage in the glomerular capillaries would affect the flow of blood into the: A: Efferent arteriole B: Renal artery C: Vasa recta D: Afferent arteriole E: Abdominal aorta
A: Efferent arteriole
Identify the hormone stimulates puberty in males and females: A: GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing hormone) B: Estrogen C: FSH (Follicle Simulating hormone) D: Testosterone E: LH (Luteinizing hormone)
A: GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing hormone)
Identify the outer folds covered with pubic hair the enclose the vagina and urethra: A: Labia major B: Clitoris C: Cervix D: Mons pubis E: Labia minor
A: Labia major
The first step in urine production: A: Occurs as water and solutes move from the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule B: Moves water and solutes from the renal tubules into the blood C: Moves water and solutes from the blood into the renal tubules D: Is called reabsorption E: Is called secretion
A: Occurs as water and solutes move from the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule
Identify the correct statement concerning the differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis: A: Oogenesis produces 1 secondary oocyte and 3 polar bodies B: Spermatogenesis produces 4 sperm containing 23 pairs of chromosomes C: Primary oocytes are ovulated D: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis begins prenatally to produce primary spermatocytes and oocytes, then stop and resume at puberty E: FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and oogenesis and LH stimulates sex hormone production from testes and ovaries.
A: Oogenesis produces 1 secondary oocyte and 3 polar bodies
Identify the most abundant buffer in the ICF: A: Phosphate ion B: Sodium ion C: Calcium ion D: Bicarbonate ion E: Potassium ion
A: Phosphate ion
Identify the major cation in ECF that regulates ECF and determines blood volume because water follows it. It also stimulates nerves and muscles: A: Sodium ion B: Calcium ion C: Phosphate ion D: Potassium ion E Chloride ion
A: Sodium ion
A pH of 6.5 is said to be an _______ and will have _______ levels of hydrogen ions. A: acid, high B: alkaline, high C: acid, low D: alkaline, low E: neutral, high
A: acid, high
Genetic disorders found on the sex chromosomes (X) in humans would tend to be expressed (seen): A: more frequently in males B: more frequently in females C: equally frequently in both sexes D: not expressed at all
A: more frequently in males
Seminal vesicles: A: produce an alkaline solution containing fructose to nourish sperm B: produce an-acidic solution to activate sperm C: is located inferior to the urinary bladder D: A and C are correct E: B and C are correct
A: produce an alkaline solution containing fructose to nourish sperm
Which of the following will occur at the nephron if blood pH increases? A: reabsorb Hydrogen ions and secrete Bicarbonate ions B: reabsorb Hydrogen and Bicarbonate ions C: secrete Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonate ions D: secrete Hydrogen ions and reabsorb Bicarbonate ions E: reabsorb Sodium ions and secrete Hydrogen ions
A: reabsorb Hydrogen ions and secrete Bicarbonate ions
The blood vessels that reabsorb and secrete at the nephron loop (loop of Henle) are the: A: vasa recta B: afferent arteriole C: efferent arteriole D: glomerular capillaries E: peritubular capillaries
A: vasa recta
If a man and woman are heterozygous for PKU, an autosomal recessive trait, what is the percent chance that they will have a child with PKU. A: 0% B: 25% C: 50% D: 75% E 100%
B: 25%
At which stage in embryonic development does implantation occur? A: Morula B: Blastocyst C: Neurula D: Zygote E: 1st month Embryo
B: Blastocyst
Which of the following is not considered ECF (extracellular fluid)? A: Lymph B: Cytosol C: CSF D: Plasma E: Interstitial fluid (ISF)
B: Cytosol
The nervous system and the epidermis of the skin develop from the: A: Endoderm B: Ectoderm C: Exoderm D: Mesoderm E: Phisoderm
B: Ectoderm
Identify the structure where sperm is mixed with gland secretions and stored until released from the body: A: Vas deferens B: Ejaculatory duct C: Seminiferous tubules D: Epididymis E: Seminal vesicles
B: Ejaculatory duct
Identify the layer of the uterus that is the specific site of embryo implantation: A: Perimetrium B: Endometrium C: Endocardium D: Myometrium E: Myocardium
B: Endometrium
The filtrate found in the glomerular capsule includes: A: Everything in blood B: Everything in blood except RBC, WBC, platelets, and large proteins C: Water and ions only D: Water, ions, glucose, and large proteins only E: Water and large proteins only
B: Everything in blood except RBC, WBC, platelets, and large proteins
Identify the structure that creates a current to direct the oocyte into the Fallopian tube: A: Clitoris B: Fimbrae C: Cervix D: Vagina E: Ovary
B: Fimbrae
Identify the process that occurs when three embyonic layers develop along with brain and spinal cord: A: Organogenesis B: Gastrulation C: Differentiation D: Cleavage E: Fertilization
B: Gastrulation
Identify the specific site of testosterone production: A: Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells B: Interstitial (Leydig) cells C: Seminiferous tubules D: Epididymis E: Seminal Vesicles
B: Interstitial (Leydig) cells
Identify the anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus lutuem from the ruptured follicle in the Reproductive/Menstrual cycle: A: Prolactin B: LH surge C: Estrogen D: FSH E: Progesterone
B: LH surge
Muscle, bone, all connective tissue (cartilage, blood, adipose) and the peritoneum develop from the: A: Endoderm B: Mesoderm C: Phisoderm D: Ectoderm E: Exoderm
B: Mesoderm
A panic attack, with extended hyperventilation can reuslt in: A: Respiratory acidosis B: Respiratory alkalosis C: Metabolic acidosis D: Metabolic alkalosis
B: Respiratory alkalosis
A patient's blood pH is 7.50 partial pressure of Carbon dioxide (PCO2) is 30 mmHg; Bicarbonate (HCO3-) blood levels are 23 eEq/liter. Using the normal homeostatic ranges below, identify the patient's condition: pH Lvl: 7.35-7.45 , PCO2 Lvl: 34-45 mmHg, HCO3 Lvl: 22-26 mEq/liter A: Respiratory acidosis B: Respiratory alkalosis C: Metabolic acidosis D: Metabolic alkalosis
B: Respiratory alkalosis
Identify the specific site of sperm production A: Epididymis B: Seminiferous tubules C: Seminal vesicles D: Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells E: Interstitial (Leydig) cells
B: Seminiferous tubules
The blastocyst structure that develops into all extra-embryonic structures is the: A: Allantois B: Trophoblast C: Yolk sac D: Chorionic villi E: Inner cell mass
B: Trophoblast
Identify the structure that transports sperm from its maturation site to the storage area where it is mixed with gland secretions: A: Epididymis B: Vas deferens C: Seminiferous tubules D: Ejaculatory duct E: Seminal vesicles
B: Vas deferens
The path filtrate would normally follow as it flows through the nephron is: 1. Collecting duct 5. Proximal Convoluted Tubule 2. Distal Convoluted Tubule 6. Glomerular capsule 3. Papillary duct 7. Ascending limb of nephron loop 4. Descending limb of nephron loop A: 6, 2, 7, 4, 5, 1, 3 B: 6, 2, 4, 7, 5, 1, 3 C: 6, 5, 4, 7, 2, 1, 3 D: 6, 5, 7, 4, 2, 1, 3 E: 6, 5, 7, 4, 2, 3, 1
C: 6, 5, 4, 7, 2, 1, 3 Glomerular capsule -> Proximal Convoluted Tubule -> Descending limb of nephron loop -> Ascending limb of nephron loop -> Distal Convoluted Tubule -> Collecting duct -> Papillary duct
The embryonic membrane that produces fluid to provide a sterile environment and act as a shock absorber is the: A: Chorionic villi B: Trophoblast C: Amnion D: Yolk sac E: Allantois
C: Amnion
Identify the term that refers to the chromosome pairs 1 to 22 that determine body characteristics: A: Genotype B: Dominant C: Autosome D: Phenotype E: Recessive
C: Autosome
The most abundant buffer system in the ECF (Extracellular fluid) is: A: Hemoglobin B: Fibrinogen C: Carbonic acid/Bicarbonate ion (HCO3) D: Albumin E HPO4 - 2 (Phosphate ion)
C: Carbonic acid/Bicarbonate ion (HCO3)
The total body water is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluids. Plasma is considered: A: CSF B: Intracellular C: Extracellular D: Interstitial E: Extraterrestrial
C: Extracellular
Identify the protective inner fatty folds that enclose the openings of the vagina and urethra: A: Labia major B: Clitoris C: Labia minor D: Cervix E: Mons pubis
C: Labia minor
A patient's blood pH is 7.30, partial pressure of Carbon dioxide (PCO2) is 45 mmHg: Bicarbonate blood levels are 20 mEq/liter. Using the normal homeostatic ranges below, identify the patient's condition: pH Lvl: 7.35-7/45 PCO2 Lvl: 35-45 mmHg HCO3 Lvl: 22-26 mEq/liter A: Respiratory acidosis B: Respiratory alkalosis C: Metabolic acidosis D: Metabolic alkalosis
C: Metabolic acidosis
Excessive diarrhea for an extended period of time or renal disfunction results in: A: Respiratory acidosis B: Respiratory alkalosis C: Metabolic acidosis D: Metabolic alkalosis
C: Metabolic acidosis
Identify the major hormone that regulates Calcium ion balance in the body: A: Cortisol B: ANP C: PTH D: ADH E: Aldosterone
C: PTH
Identify the ovarian hormone that maintains the endometrium lining post-ovulation in the Reproductive/Menstrual cycle: A: FSH B: hCG C: Progesterone D: LH surge E: Estrogen
C: Progesterone
This structure secretes as alkaline solution containing fructose to nourish sperm: A: Seminiferous tubules B: Prostate gland C: Seminal vesicle D: Ejaculatory duct E: Bulbourethral
C: Seminal vesicle
Identify the electrolyte that would most rapidly increase blood volume, blood pressure and blood osmolality (concentration) if its levels increased in blood: A: Calcium B: Chloride C: Sodium D: Hydrogen E: Bicarbonate
C: Sodium
If blood pressure decreases, then: A: ADH is released from the posterior pituitary B: The JG (Juxtaglomerular) cells will release Renin C: The myogenic mechanism will constrict the afferent arterioles D: Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex E: Angiotensin is activated to stimulate vasoconstriction
C: The myogenic mechanism will constrict the afferent arterioles
The structure in the urinary system that transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder is the: A: Renal cortex B: Renal calyx C: Ureter D: Urethra E: Renal pelvis
C: Ureter
In order for a zygote to form after penetration: A: Secondary oocyte must complete Meiosis II B: Male and Female nuclei must fuse C: Sperm must complete Meiosis II D: A and B are correct E: A, B, and C are correct
D: A and B are correct
Which of the following statements best describes kidney function? A: Filtration only occurs at the glomerulus B: Secretion and reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules C: Concentration of urine by reabsorbing water normally occurs in the collecting duct D: A and B are correct E: All of the above are correct
D: A and B are correct Filtration only occurs at the glomerulus & Secretion and reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules
The reparatory and urinary systems work together to regulate blood pH. If blood pH levels increases above normal, which of the following will occur to readjust blood pH? A: The person will hypoventilate B: The tubules secrete HCO3 C: The tubules secrete H+ D: A and B will occur E: A and C will occur
D: A and B will occur
The respiratory and the urinary systems work together to regulate bood pH. If blood pH levels decrease below normal, which of the following will occure to readjust blood pH" A: The person will hyperventilate B: The tubules will reabsorb HCO3 - (bicarb ion) C: The tubules will reabsorb H+ ion D: A and B will occur E: A and C will occur
D: A and B will occur
If a couple has blood types AB and B, identify all possible blood types their children may have: A: AB only B: B only C: B and AB only D: A, B, or AB E: A, B, AB, or O
D: A, B, or AB
If blood pressure increases, then: A: GFR will decrease B: the juxtaglomerular cells release Renin C: Aldosterone is released D: ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) is released E: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) is released
D: ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) is released
Identify the hormone that reabsorbs water at the DCT and collecting ducts: A: Angiotensin B: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) C: Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP) D: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E: Aldosterone
D: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Identify the hormone that stimulates meiosis in the testes and ovaries: A: Estrogen B: Testosterone C: GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing hormone) D: FSH (Follicle Stimulating hormone) E: LH (Luteinizing hormone)
D: FSH (Follicle Stimulating hormone)
Identify the term used to refer to the actual alleles present in an individual: A: Dominant B: Autosome C: Recessive D: Genotype E: Phenotype
D: Genotype
Identify the layer of the uterus that contracts during childbirth: A: Perimetrium B: Endometrium C: Endocardium D: Myometrium E: Myocardium
D: Myometrium
Identify the incorrect statement about the nephron: A: Vasa recta: exchanges materials with the nephron loop B: PCT and DCT: pH readjustment sites C: Efferent arteriole: transports blood away from the glomerulus D: PCT: contains ADH, Aldosterone and PTH receptors E: Glomerulus: site of filtration
D: PCT: contains ADH, Aldosterone and PTH receptors
The fluid inside the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not normally contain: A: Na+ B: K+ C: Glucose D: Plasma proteins E: Amino acids
D: Plasma proteins
Identify the uterine phase in which Estrogen stimulates increase in mitosis of endometrial cells to repair layer shed during menstruation: A: Ovulatory B: Follicular C: Secretory D: Proliferative E: Luteal
D: Proliferative
The JG (Juxtaglomerular) apparatus is responsible for: A: Regulating blood pH B: Preventing over-stretching of the urinary bladder C: Reabsorbing glucose amino acids and ions D: Regulating GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) and Blood pressure E: Secreting drugs and medications
D: Regulating GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) and Blood pressure
Identify the electrolyte that is closely tied to the body's water volume - ex. if this ion increases, water volume will increase: A: Calcium B: Potassium C: Magnesium D: Sodium E: Hydrogen
D: Sodium
The structure in the urinary system that transports urine from the urinary bladder out of the body is the: A: Renal pelvis B: Ureter C: Renal cortex D: Urethra E: Renal calyx
D: Urethra
A pH of 8.5 is said to be an _______ and will have ________ levels of hydrogen ions. A: acid, high B: alkaline, high C: acid, low D: alkaline, low E: neutral, high
D: alkaline, low
If Sodium ion levels in blood plasma decrease, then: A: blood volume and blood pressure both increase B: blood volume increases and blood pressure decreases C: blood volume decreases and blood pressure increases D: blood volume and blood pressure both decrease E: no change to blood volume or pressure will occur
D: blood volume and blood pressure both decrease
Which o the following will occur at the nephron if blood pH decreases? A: reabsorb Hydrogen ions and secrete Bicarbonate ions B: reabsorb Hydrogen and Bicarbonate ions C: secrete Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonate ions D: secrete Hydrogen ions and reabsorb Bicarbonate ions E: reabsorb Sodium ions and secrete Hydrogen ions
D: secrete Hydrogen ions and reabsorb Bicarbonate ions
Huntington's disease, an autosomal trait, causes a decline in physical and mental abilities starting after 40 years old. A couple goes to a genetic counselor to see if they carry the Huntington trait. Results show Dad has the trait but is heterozygous and Mom is homozygous recessive. Identify the couples genotypes based on these results:
Dad=Hh / Mom=hh
If a couple has blood types A and B, identify all possible blood types their children may have: A: AB only B: A or B only C: A and O only D: A, B, or AB E: A, B, AB, or O
E: A, B, AB, or O
Identify the major hormones that regulates Na+ and K+ ion levels in the body: A: cortisol and ADH B: PTH and Aldosterone C: ADH and Aldosterone D: ANP and ADH E: Aldosterone and ANP
E: Aldosterone and ANP
The Proliferative phase in the monthly reproductive cycle: A: Occurs post-ovulation in the uterus B: Occurs pre-ovulation in the uterus C: Stimulated by increased estrogen secretion from the ovary D: A and C are correct E: B and C are correct
E: B and C are correct
Identify the outlet of the uterus where Pap smears are taken to detect cancer: A: Fallopian tube B: Vagina C: Ovary D: Uterus E: Cervix
E: Cervix
Identify the most abundant anion in ECF that maintains balance of anions in fluid compartments is: A: Phosphate ion B: Sodium ion C: Calcium ion D: Bicarbonate ion E: Chloride ion
E: Chloride ion
The basic difference between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis is that: A: Both processes produce 4 haploid cells capable of being fertilized and producing viable embryos B: FSH trigger oogenesis and LH trigger spermatogenesis C: Spermatogenesis is only completed with fertilization D: In oogenesis, secondary oocytes develop prenatally then stop developing until puberty E: In oogenesis, one secondary oocyte and 3 polar bodies are produced and in spermatogenesis, 4 sperm are produced
E: In oogenesis, one secondary oocyte and 3 polar bodies are produced and in spermatogenesis, 4 sperm are produced
The zygote: A: Implants in the uterus B: Forms in the uterus C: Develops after the Morula stage D: Forms three embryonic layers E: Is formed when sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte and fusion of nuclei occurs
E: Is formed when sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte and fusion of nuclei occurs
The Structure that collects urine directly from each renal pyramid is the: A: Ureter B: Renal calyx (calyces) C: Renal pelvis D: Collecting duct E: Papillary duct
E: Papillary duct
Identify the term used to refer to genetic trait that is only expressed (seen) in the homozygous condition: A: Genotype B: Phenotype C: Autosome D: Dominant E: Recessive
E: Recessive
The renal pelvis drains into the: A: Collecting ducts B: Urethra C: Renal calyx D: Papillary ducts E: Ureter
E: Ureter
Most of the water in the body is found in: A: lymph B: plasma C: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) D: extracellular fluid E: intracellular fluid
E: intracellular fluid
Identify the genotype of an individual with Huntington's disease, and autosomal dominant trait that leads to physical and mental disabilities after the age of 40.
Hh
Sickle cell anemia is a incomplete dominant trait affecting hemoglobin formation and RBC structures. Sickle cell is uniquely inherited because three phenotypes are possible in incomplete dominant inheritance - sickle cell anemia, sickle cell trait and normal RBC. Identify the genotype of a girl with completely normal RBC:
SS
