anatomy Ch 1-5

Which of the following describes positive feedback mechanisms? (Choose all that apply.) 1 A mechanism that continues until it completes a process that has a specific cut off point. 2 The most common mechanism of homeostasis in the body 3 A process that stimulates and promotes a change that is occurring in the body

1 & 3 A mechanism that continues until it completes a process that has a specific cut off point. & A process that stimulates and promotes a change that is occurring in the body

Organelles are: (select all that apply) 1 structures that carry out specific functions within cells 2 small organs in the body like the eyes, ears and nose 3 structures composed of groups of macromolecules

1 &3 structures that carry out specific functions within cells and structures composed of groups of macromolecules

Select all that apply Select all of these that are components of the integumentary system. 1 Nails 2 Hair 3 Skin 4 Skeletal muscles

1, 2 & 3 Nails, Hair & Skin

Select all that apply The lower limb includes which regions: 1 popliteal 2 digital 3 brachial 4 sural 5 palmar 6 femoral 7 crural

1, 2, 4, 6 & 7 popliteal, digital, sural, femoral & crural

The regions of the anterior trunk include: (select all that apply) 1 Abdominal 2 Pectoral 3 Inguinal 4 Perineal 5 Sacral

1,2, & 3 Abdominal, Pectoral & Inguinal

Match the components of the male reproductive system. (Select all that apply) 1 vulva 2 testes 3 uterine tubes 4 ovaries 5 penis

2 & 5 testes &penis

Which of the following are homeostatic mechanisms of the Integumentary System? 1 Regulation of blood pressure 2 Prevention of water loss 3 Storage of calcium 5 Protection and support of internal structures

2 &5 Prevention of water loss & Protection and support of internal structures

All of the following terms refer to the major regions of the posterior trunk except: 1 gluteal 2 pelvic 3 sacral 4 dorsum 5vertebral

2 pelvic

Select all that apply The lower limb includes which regions: 1 brachial 2 digital 3 sural 4 palmar 5 femoral 6 popliteal 7 crural

2,3,5,6 &7 digital, sural, femoral, popliteal & crural

Select all that apply Which of the following fluids make up the internal environment of the body: 1 gastric juice 2 saliva 3 blood 4 urine 5 interstitial fluid (tissue fluid that surrounds the cells)

3&5 blood &interstitial fluid (tissue fluid that surrounds the cells)

Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: (1) cell, (2) organelle, (3) atom, (4) organ, (5) tissue.

3, 2, 1, 5, 4

Athlete's foot is

A fungal infection

The area of the enzyme that binds to its substrate is called the A) active site. B) catalyst. C) activation energy. D) product.

A) Active site.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue? A) All types are avascular. B) It has a non-living extracellular matrix. C) It contains fibers as well as cells. D) Can be a solid, semifluid, or a fluid.

A) All types are avascular.

The thoracic cavity is part of which larger cavity? A) Anterior cavity B) Dorsal cavity C) Abdominopelvic cavity

A) Anterior cavity

The two organ systems involved in providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide are the A) cardiovascular and respiratory. B) respiratory and digestive. C) integumentary and muscular. D) reproductive and nervous.

A) Cardiovascular and respiratory.

Select all of these that are functions of lipids in the human body. A) Energy storage B) Formation of steroid hormones C) Formation of the cell membrane D) Structural support E) Storage of genetic information

A) Energy storage B) Formation of steroid hormones and C) Formation of the cell membrane

Steroids differ in structure from other lipids in that they have a backbone of A) four fused carbon rings. B) branched chains of carbons. C) saturated carbon chains. D) unsaturated carbon chains.

A) Four fused carbon rings.

The organelle that is arranged in stacks and receives vesicles from the ER is the: A) Golgi apparatus B) peroxisomes C) lysosomes D) mitochondrion

A) Golgi apparatus

Select all that apply Which of the following are classified as compounds? A) H2O B) C6H12O6 C) NaCl D) Ca E) O2

A) H2O B) C6H12O6 and C) NaCl

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? A) Hypogastric B) Left lumbar C) Right iliac D) Umbilical

A) Hypogastric

Select all of the following that are functions of proteins. A) Movement of cells B) Transportation of other molecules C) Long term energy storage D) Act as chemical messengers E) Padding to protect against trauma F) Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions

A) Movement of cells B) Transportation of other molecules C) Long term energy storage D)Act as chemical messengers F) Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions

The rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of A) nitrogen base pairs. B) sugar-phosphate chain. C) adenine-ribose chain. D) glucose-phosphate chain.

A) Nitrogen base pairs.

When one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons than the other atom, a(n) ___________ covalent bond is formed. A) polar B) nonpolar C) ionic D) metallic

A) Polar

Which four of the following are the major organic macromolecules that make up cells? A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Water D) Hydroxide ions E) Carbohydrates F) Nucleic acids

A) Proteins B) Lipids E) Carbohydrates and F) Nucleic acids

Which type of cut or section will give right and left portions? A) Sagittal B) Transverse C) Frontal D) Coronal

A) Sagittal

Which of the following describe simple cuboidal epithelium? A) single layer of cube-shaped cells B) specialized for protection C) specialized for secretion and absorption D) multiple layers of cube-shaped cells E) found in glands

A) Single layer of cube-shaped cells. C) Specialized for secretion and absorption. E) Found in glands.

Which refers to a membrane attached to the surface of a lung? A) Visceral pleura B) Parietal pleura C) Visceral peritoneum D) Parietal peritoneum

A) Visceral pleura

An atom is the smallest component of a(n) _____ where it still retains its chemical properties. A) element B) mixture C) solution D) compound

A) element

When a substance cannot cross the plasma membrane by itself, and instead uses a protein carrier to move from high to low concentration, it uses A) facilitated diffusion. B) active transport. C) osmosis. D) simple diffusion.

A) facilitated diffusion.

Ribosomes can be found: A) free within the cytoplasm B) attached to the plasma membrane C) bound to the endoplasmic reticulum D) bound to the Golgi apparatus

A) free within the cytoplasm & C) bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

The plasma membrane has _____ proteins embedded within and ______ proteins on the surface of the membrane. A) integral; peripheral B) peripheral; integral

A) integral; peripheral

The organelle that has an outer and a folded inner membrane with a space between them is the: A) mitochondria B) lysosomes C) Golgi apparatus D) endoplasmic reticulum

A) mitochondria

The thigh is which region? A)Femoral B)Crural C)Plantar D)Palmar

A)Femoral

In the reactions that occur in metabolism, enzymes function as A) amino acids. B) lipids. C) catalysts. D) compounds.

C) Catalysts.

Which of the following is a key role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane? A) Transportation of molecules through the membrane B) Stabilization of the phospholipid bilayer C) Cell identification D) Cell movement

C) Cell identification

Which of the following is the main component of fiber in our diet? A) Glycogen B) Protein C) Cellulose D) Starch

C) Cellulose

Which of the following types of cells are anucleate when mature? A) Liver cells B) White blood cells C) Erythrocytes D) Skeletal muscle cells

C) Erythrocytes

Which of the following are classified as compounds? A) O2 B) Ca C) H2O D) C6H12O6 E) NaCl

C) H2O D) C6H12O6 and E) NaCl

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? A) It readily divides to produce new cells. B) It has a basement membrane to connect to underlying tissue. C) It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs. D) It always has a free surface.

C) It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs.

Exactly 6.02 x 1023 atoms of any element is called one ____ of that element. A) atomic mass unit B) isotope C) mole D) mouse

C) Mole

What differentiates passive transport from active transport? A) Passive transport moves substances into cells, while active transport moves substances out of cells. B) Passive transport requires carriers, while active transport does not. C) Passive transport does not use cellular energy, while active transport uses cellular energy. D) Passive transport only moves water, while active transport only moves proteins.

C) Passive transport does not use cellular energy, while active transport uses cellular energy.

A loop that enhances a signal to complete a process with a clear cutoff point is a ___________ feedback system. A) servo B) negative C) positive D) single-effector

C) Positive

Which term refers to structures located toward the back? A) Inferior B) Lateral C) Posterior D) Peripheral

C) Posterior

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A) Production of blood cells B) Support C) Production of heat D) Mineral storage

C) Production of heat

Which pair of terms is correctly matched? A) Pericarditis - inflammation of the membrane around the lungs B) Peritonitis - inflammation of the membranes in the abdominal cavity C) Pleurisy - inflammation of the membranes around the heart D) Peritonitis - inflammation of membranes around nerves

B) Peritonitis - inflammation of the membranes in the abdominal cavity

Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions? A) Anatomy B) Physiology C) Ecology D) Homeostasis

B) Physiology

Water accounts for approximately ______ of body weight. A) half B) two-thirds C) one-third

B) Two-thirds

When fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, they are considered A) saturated. B) unsaturated. C) emulsified. D) synthesized.

B) Unsaturated.

What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the human body? A) Protein B) Water C) Carbohydrate D) Salt

B) Water

The process of programmed cell death is called A) mitosis. B) apoptosis. C) phagocytosis. D) endocytosis.

B) apoptosis.

Which of the following are characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium? A) specialized for diffusion B) cells at the surface are flat C) cells at the surface are round D) has a protective role in the body E) contains multiple cell layers

B) cells at the surface are flat D) has a protective role in the body E) contains multiple cell layers

The chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by their A) telomere. B) centromere. C) centrosome. D) aster.

B) centromere.

The inner folds of membrane in mitochondria, where many of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur, are called A) smooth ER. B) cristae. C) grana. D) thylakoid membranes.

B) cristae.

Microtubules and intermediate filaments make up the _____. A) mitochondrion B) cytoskeleton C) nucleus D) smooth ER

B) cytoskeleton

Glucose is transported down its concentration gradient by protein carriers in the plasma membrane using: A) phagocytosis B) facilitated diffusion C) osmosis D) active transport

B) facilitated diffusion

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium may include the following characteristics: A) flat, scale-like cells B) goblet cells C) cilia D) single layer of columnar cells E) irregular distribution of nuclei

B) goblet cells C) cilia D) single layer of columnar cells E) irregular distribution of nuclei

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system? Multiple Choice A) rough ER. B) mitochondria. C) Golgi apparatus. D) vesicles.

B) mitochondria.

The two organ systems involved in controlling all other systems to maintain homeostasis are the A) skeletal and muscular. B) nervous and endocrine. C) urinary and respiratory. D) endocrine and digestive.

B) nervous and endocrine.

Proteins that are mainly used inside the cell are synthesized A) in the nucleus. B) on cytoplasmic ribosomes. C) on the rough ER. D) in the nucleoli.

B) on cytoplasmic ribosomes.

The function of the centrioles is to: A) assist in movement of the organelles throughout the cytoplasm B) organize the microtubules of the spindle apparatus during cell division C) increase surface area for absorption D) transport substances throughout the cytoplasm of the cell

B) organize the microtubules of the spindle apparatus during cell division

The selectively permeable barrier that regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell is the: A) nuclear envelope B) plasma membrane C) cytoplasm D) nucleus E) endoplasmic reticulum

B) plasma membrane

The centrioles move to opposite poles during A) telophase. B) prophase. C) metaphase. D) anaphase.

B) prophase.

The plasma membrane allows only certain molecules and ions through because it is: A) embedded with proteins B) selectively permeable C) embedded with cholesterol

B) selectively permeable

Which of the following events of mitosis is CORRECTLY matched with its phase? A) Metaphase - chromosomes shorten and thicken to become visible B) Telophase - chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell C) Prophase - chromosomes attach to spindle fibers D) Anaphase - new nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes

C) Prophase - chromosomes attach to spindle fibers

Which of the following serves as the site for the synthesis of phospholipids? A) Plasma membrane B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus

C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? A) Glucose B) Fructose C) Sucrose D) Galactose

C) Sucrose

The bending and twisting of a polypeptide chain into a more circular molecule is the ______ structure of a protein. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

C) Tertiary

In the DNA molecule, the complementary base pair of adenine is always A) uracil. B) cytosine. C) thymine. D) guanine.

C) Thymine

The majority of the small intestine is found in which abdominopelvic region? A) Epigastric B) Right hypochondriac C) Umbilical D) Left hypochondriac

C) Umbilical

High levels of radiation are NOT used A) to sterilize medical equipment. B) to kill cancer cells. C) as tracers to detect molecular changes.

C) as tracers to detect molecular changes.

The arm is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

C) brachial

Cytokinesis begins with the formation of an indentation around the cell called the A) asters. B) centromere. C) cleavage furrow. D) equator.

C) cleavage furrow.

The process of moving large particles or molecules into the cell through pockets made in the plasma membrane is: A) exocytosis B) osmosis C) endocytosis D) diffusion

C) endocytosis

A system of membranous channels and saccules that runs from the nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm is the A) nucleolus. B) Golgi apparatus. C) endoplasmic reticulum. D) mitochondria.

C) endoplasmic reticulum.

The movement of molecules down their concentration gradient, with the assistance of an integral membrane protein, is known as: A) osmosis B) active transport C) facilitated diffusion D) endocytosis

C) facilitated diffusion

A bond created from the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions is a(n) ______ bond. A) covalent B) hydrogen C) ionic D) metallic

C) ionic

Transitional epithelium A) contains a single layer of cuboidal cells B) contains a single layer of squamous cells C) is found lining the urinary bladder D) can stretch E) contains several layers of cuboidal cells

C) is found lining the urinary bladder D) can stretch E) contains several layers of cuboidal cells

In human cells, the genetic information in the form of DNA is found in the: A) mitochondria B) endoplasmic reticulum C) nucleus D) ribosomes

C) nucleus

The plasma membrane is A) impermeable. B) permeable to everything. C) selectively permeable.

C) selectively permeable.

The plasma membrane allows the movement of potassium ions across the membrane while inhibiting the transport of iron. This example demonstrates that the plasma membrane is a(n) _______ membrane. A) tight junction B) vesicular C) semipermeable D) cytoplasmic

C) semipermeable

Low levels of radiation can effectively A) sterilize dental products. B) destroy cancer cells. C) serve as tracers to detect cellular changes. D) sterilize postal deliveries.

C) serve as tracers to detect cellular changes.

What type of tissue is characterized by having cells separated by a non-living matrix, contains numerous fibers and whose consistency varies from a solid to a liquid?

Connective tissue

Impetigo

Contagious infectious disease of the skin that is common in children

Which is the correct list of the strata of the epidermis, in order? A) Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale B) Corneum, lucidum, spinosum, granulosum, basale C) Lucidum, corneum, spinosum, granulosum, basale D) Basale, lucidum, corneum, granulosum, spinosum

Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Which pair of terms is INCORRECT? A - assymmetry C - color D - depth E - evolving B - border regularity

D - depth

The pH of the blood is slightly basic. Which of the following describes this pH? A) 6.4 B) 12.6 C) 4.7 D) 7.4

D) 7.4

Observing the parts of the brain is a part of the study of A) homeostasis. B) physiology. C) anthropology. D) anatomy.

D) Anatomy

Which of the following is connective tissue? A) Muscle B) Nervous tissue C) Glandular tissue D) Cartilage

D) Cartilage

The process that allows fats to mix with water, particularly so digestion can occur, is called A) hydrolysis. B) degradation. C) dehydration. D) emulsification.

D) Emulsification

Which of the following is NOT true of RNA? A) It is single stranded. B) It has uracil instead of thymine. C) It has ribose sugar. D) It has a helical structure.

D) It has a helical structure.

A monosaccharide of five carbons is a A) hexose sugar. B) glycerol. C) fatty acid. D) pentose sugar.

D) Pentose sugar.

Some disease-causing agents are infectious proteins called A) viruses. B) bacteria. C) flukes. D) prions.

D) Prions.

Which of the following contains many units of glucose? A) Protein B) Fat C) Nucleic acid D) Starch

D) Starch

A disease involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells is called A) Golgi's disease. B) multiple sclerosis. C) neuritis. D) Tay-Sachs disease.

D) Tay-Sachs disease.

Hemolysis means A) swelling of cells. B) shrinking of blood cells. C) diffusion of cells into blood. D) bursting of blood cells

D) bursting of blood cells.

Which system is the spinal cord part of? A) Endocrine B) Lymphatic C) Skeletal D) Nervous

D) nervous

The function of the nucleolus is to make A) mitochondria. B) endoplasmic reticulum. C) chromosomes. D) ribosomes.

D) ribosomes.

A cell that has crenated has A) swollen up. B) burst. C) broken in half. D) shrunk.

D) shrunk.

The presence of cholesterol molecules in plasma membranes is to A) allow the buildup of fats. B) change the chemical nature of the membrane. C) create a mosaic pattern. D) stabilize the phospholipids bilayer

D) stabilize the phospholipids bilayer

The term "homeostasis" refers to A) changing external conditions. B) stable external conditions. C) changing internal conditions. D) stable internal conditions.

D) stable internal conditions

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? Multiple choice question. A) Monosaccharide B) Triglyceride C) Amino acid D) Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation as seen in a skin injury? A) Pallor B) Swelling C) Redness D) Pain

Pallor

Match the anatomical terms with the appropriate body parts of the anterior trunk Pectoral, Abdominal , Sternal with Contains the breastbone, Contains the stomach, Contains the chest

Pectoral matches Contains the chest Abdominal matches Contains the stomach Sternal matches Contains the breastbone

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

Phagocytize microbes

Acne

Plugged hair follicles forming pustules, usually appearing in puberty

sebaceous glands

Produce oil

Which biological macromolecule performs a wide range of functions including structural support, transport, and catalysis (speeding up) of metabolic reactions? Multiple choice question. A) Lipid B) Nucleic acid C) Carbohydrate D) Protein

Protein

Select all of these that are functions of the dermis. A) Provide sensory information B) Protect the body from water loss C) Anchor the epidermis D) Provide nutrients to the epidermis

Provide sensory information Anchor the epidermis Provide nutrients to the epidermis

______ is the tissue which usually contains numerous goblet cells and ciliated columnar cells, and can be found lining the respiratory tract,

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Which of the following types of cells are NOT found in the epidermis? A) Squamous epithelial cells B) Langerhans cells C) Red blood cells D) Melanocytes

Red blood cells

Apocrine sweat glands

Release sweat during times of stress and sexual excitement

_____ are often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Ribosomes

Which type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath around nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?

Schwann cells

What is the purpose of goblet cells found in columnar epithelium?

Secrete mucus

What type of tissue lines the inside of the small intestine?

Simple columnar epithelium

What type of epithelium can be found in the thyroid gland, ovaries, and lining most of the kidney tubules?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

What type of epithelium is most conducive to simple diffusion?

Simple squamous

------ muscle tissue has elongated, cylindrical cells, and it is voluntary.

Skeletal

Which type of muscle tissue is composed of alternating light and dark bands that gives it a striated appearance, contains cells with multiple nuclei, and is attached to the bones of the skeleton?

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Melanoma

Skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes

Squamous cell carcinoma

Skin cancer that occurs in the superficial cells of the epidermis

Eccrine sweat glands

Stimulated when body temperature increases

In addition to storing fat, adipose tissue also

Stores energy Protects and cushions body organs Insulates the body

What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of?

Stratified squamous epithelium

In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing?

Stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface?

Stratum corneum

__ is the time period between when a cell divides and the time the two cells resulting from that first cell division also divide.

The cell cycle

Basal cell carcinoma

The most common type of skin cancer that occurs in the basal cells of the epidermis

What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin?

They die.

Which of the following statements are true regarding homeostatic mechanisms?

They help regulate body temperature and blood and fluid composition

What is the function of an adhesion junction?

To keep cells from pulling apart

What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch and slide to create a barrier?

Transitional epithelium

True or false: The blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with oxygen and nutrients.

True

True or false: The body contains two major cavities. These two cavities are the dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity.

True

True or false: The integumentary system works with the muscular system to maintain body temperature.

True

What is needed to produce vitamin D?

Ultraviolet light

Which of the following is NOT a shape of epithelial tissue cells?

Unipolar

The liver can be found in which cavity? Dorsal cavity Abdominal cavity Pericardial cavity Pleural cavity

abdominal cavity

The nails, hair follicles and glands of the dermis are classified as ______ of skin.

accessory structures

Standing erect with arms at sides, face and palms forward, is referred to as being in the ------- position.

anatomical or anatomic

The branch of science concerned with the structure of body parts is called:

anatomy

The branch of science that deals specifically with the structure of body parts, and their relationship with other structures in the body, is called -------

anatomy.

Match the major regions of the limbs with the corresponding body parts. antebrachial, cubital, brachial, digital, pedal, patellar with anterior knee, foot, fingers or toes, arm, anterior elbow joint, forearm

antebrachial matches forearm cubital matches anterior elbow joint brachial matches arm digital matches fingers or toes pedal matches foot patellar matches anterior knee

A structure located in front of another is:

anterior

A structure located to the front of another structure is considered to be ------.

anterior, ventral, or superficial

The portion of the body that includes the upper and lower limbs is called the ------ portion.

appendicular

A(n) ------- is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element..

atom

The ------- portion of the body includes the head, neck and trunk.

axial

Nerves are primarily composed of

axons

The innermost, or deepest, layer of cells of the epidermis is called the stratum -----.

basale or germinativum

The connective tissue that contains formed elements suspended in a liquid matrix is ------.

blood.

What are found in lacunae of bone?

bone cells

The most rigid connective tissue, whose matrix contains calcium salts deposited around collagen fibers, is ----.

bone or bone tissue

The group of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches and serves as a major energy source for the body is known as ------.

carbohydrate or carbohydrates

Dandruff is A) a viral infection of the scalp. B) caused by over keratinization. C) caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D) a fungal infection of the scalp.

caused by over keratinization.

Eczema is

caused by sensitivity to chemicals.

Internal and external signals regulate the division of the cell during the _____ _____.

cell cycle

Blood vessels and nerves run through the center of osteons in

central canals.

The paired organelle that functions to organize the spindle fibers and the microtubules found in cilia and flagella is the ------.

centrioles, centriole, or basal body

The head is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

cephalic/cranial

Match the anatomical term for the head and trunk with the correct definition. cervical,cranial and facial with The face,The head containing the brain and The neck

cervical matches The neck cranial matches The head containing the brain facial matches The face

Each strand of a replicated double helix of DNA is called a

chromatid.

Scar tissue provides strength to a wound as it consists of:

collagen fibers

A ------- is the type of molecule that results when two or more different atoms are bound together.

compound

The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to form -----------.

cristae

Poorly oxygenated blood in the dermis will cause an individual's skin to appear

cyanotic.

The stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides is called ---.

cytokinesis.

The structure in a human cell that carries out translation is called a ----.

cytoplasm, ribosome, or Rough ER

Microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments are all part of the ----, which helps to maintain the cell's shape.

cytoskeleton

Nutrient and oxygen supply for the epidermis comes from blood vessels located in the ------ layer of the skin.

dermis or dermal

Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the

dermis.

The movement of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and the blood is an example of ______.

diffusion

The type of passive transport shown here is ______.

diffusion

When homeostatic mechanisms don't work properly and a part of the body can no longer function properly, ------, or even death, occurs

disease, illness, diseases, or sickness

Glands that secrete products directly into the blood are

endocrine glands.

In the body, lipids make up cell membranes, provide insulation, and store ---- for future use.

energy, long-term energy, or long term energy

Within the skin, the --------- is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

epidermis

The tissue that can protect the body from drying out, sweep up impurities in the respiratory tract, and secrete mucous is ____ tissue.

epithelial

Glands are primarily made up of __________.

epithelium

The process in which substances are secreted through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane is ----.

exocytosis

A carbon-hydrogen chain that ends with a carboxylic acid group (-- COOH) is called a ______.

fatty acid

Hyperthermia that is brought on by a bacterial infection is called

fever.

The movement of a liquid from high pressure to low pressure through small pores in the capillaries, similar to how water moves through a coffee filter, is known as ----.

filtration

The movement of a liquid from high pressure to low pressure, like water and dissolved solutes passing through tiny pores in capillary cells, is known as:

filtration

One or more epithelial cells that produce and secrete a product are known as a _____.

gland

The cell labeled B is a ---- cell.

goblet

Specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus onto the surfaces of the tissue are called

goblet cells.

Select all of these that are components of the integumentary system. A) the stomach and liver B) hair and nails C) the pancreas and large intestine D) sebaceous and sweat glands E) the skin

hair and nails sebaceous and sweat glands the skin

The structure in which cells repeatedly divide to produce new cells that form a hair is the

hair matrix.

Which of the following structures are located in the axial portion of the body?

head, neck and trunk

Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the ----.

heart or walls of the heart

When body temperature soars to as high as 110 degrees F, and sweating ceases, the patient is said to have

heat stroke.

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment is called -----

homeostasis.

A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom results in a(n) _____ bond.

hydrogen

Acids are substances that, when dissolved in water, release _____ ions.

hydrogen

An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of ----- ions.

hydrogen, H, or H+

Substances, or solutes, that dissolve in water are said to be -------.

hydrophilic or polar

Water-insoluble substances, that do not dissolve in water, are said to be -----.

hydrophobic, nonpolar, non-polar, or non polar

When the body's temperature is higher than normal, the person is said to be experiencing a condition called _______.

hyperthermia

In general, embedded proteins that span the entire phospholipid bilayer can also be called ------ proteins

integral, intrinsic, or embedded

The plasma membrane has _____ proteins embedded within and ______ proteins on the surface of the membrane.

integral; peripheral

The ---- system supports and protects internal structures, protects against water loss, and helps to regulate the body temperature.

integumentary

The skin and its associated structures form the ------- system.

integumentary

Blood and the tissue fluid that surrounds the cells make up the _____ environment of the body.

internal

The longest phase of the cell cycle, when the cell is not actively dividing, is called -----.

interphase

Which of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle tissue?

involuntary no striations slow, long contractions

Atoms of the same element that have equal numbers of protons but different number of neutrons are called ------.

isotope or isotopes

12C, 13C and 14C are common ______ of the element carbon.

isotopes

The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for waterproofing and toughening the skin is -----.

keratin

The most abundant cell of the epidermis that produces and stores keratin is a ------.

keratinocyte or keratinocytes

The small chambers that house chondrocytes are called ---.

lacuna or lacunae

In dense tissue, such as cartilage and bone, cells reside in small cavities called

lacunae

Compared to basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma is

less common but more likely to spread.

Which of the following are characteristics of a membrane? A) connect bone to bone B) hold muscles together C) line internal spaces of organs D) cover organs within body cavities E) line body cavities

line internal spaces of organs cover organs within body cavities line body cavities

Where in the body would you find a tight junction? A) between skin cells B) between cells of the heart C) lining the tubes of the kidney D) lining the stomach

lining the tubes of the kidney lining the stomach

The ------- reproductive system includes the testes, and penis.

male

The pigment that absorbs ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, protecting the body from the harmful effects of UV radiation, is -----.

melanin

Specialized cells in the epidermis called ______, produce melanin.

melanocytes

The combination of an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer that can be found lining the internal spaces of organs, body cavities, and tubes that open to the external environment is a

membrane

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell is termed _____.

metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell is the definition of ------.

metabolism

The cell division that results in two identical daughter cells is:

mitosis

The process of cell division involves the two stages called

mitosis and cytokinesis.

A simple sugar, which consists of between 3-7 carbon atoms, is classified as a(n) -------.

monosaccharide

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all consist of a single sugar unit and are therefore classified as _______.

monosaccharides

Actin and myosin are found in

muscle

The protein filaments found in muscle fibers that allow for contraction are

myosin actin

The homeostatic mechanism that keeps a variable close to a particular value, or set point, is ------- feedback.

negative

Hydrogen bonds occur within or between molecules containing a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly -------- atoms such as oxygen.

negative, negatively, -, or negatives

The type of tissue composed of neurons and neuroglia is ______ tissue.

nerve

The brain, spinal cord and associated nerves are components of the ------ system.

nervous

The cells that support and protect neurons are ---- cells.

neuroglia, neuroglial, glial, or glia

Both DNA and RNA are made of repeating subunits called --------.

nucleotides or nucleotide

The most prominent structure in the cell is the -----.

nucleus

Structures within cells that carry out specific functions are called:

organelles

The type of transport where water moves across a membrane is called ----.

osmosis or passive

The third phosphate group of an ATP molecule is attached to the rest of the molecule by a high-energy ______ bond.

phosphate

The matrix of blood tissue is a liquid called

plasma

Glycogen and starch are ______.

polysaccharides

A process that promotes and stimulates the change that is occurring in the body is a ----- feedback mechanism.

positive

Meningitis is inflammation of membranes located in the ________ body cavity.

posterior

Ceruminous glands

produce ear wax

A molecule composed of chains of amino acids is termed a(n) ------.

protein or polypeptide

Which system are the testes part of? Urinary Cardiovascular Reproductive Correct Nervous

reproductive

Lymphatic tissue is composed of

reticular connective tissue

In bone tissue, minerals are responsible for _____, and the collagen fibers provide _____.

rigidity, elasticity and strength

A lengthwise cut that separates the body into left and right portions is a ______ plane.

sagittal

A(n) ----- plane is a cut that separates the body into left and right portions.

sagittal, medial, midsagittal, or median

Cancers of connective tissue such as bone are called

sarcomas.

The membranes that cover the ventral cavity and internal organs and secrete lubricating fluid are ---- membranes.

serous

Flexion creases are where

skin attaches to joints of the fingers.

Intestinal muscle is

smooth, involuntary

The anatomical position can be described as:

standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward

A lipid such as testosterone or estradiol, with its carbon atoms arranged in four rings is categorized as a(n) -------.

steroid or steroids

Epithelial tissue composed of many layers of cells, where the superficial layer of cells is flat, is called

stratified squamous epithelium

Skeletal muscle is

striated and voluntary

The ----- layer is located directly beneath the dermis of the skin and is responsible for anchoring the skin to the underlying structures.

subcutaneous, hypodermal, or hypodermis

Leukemia is a cancer of

the blood.

Organs of the nervous system include

the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

The integumentary system consists of

the skin, hair, nails and associated glands.

The cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed towards the surface of the skin because:

they are too far from their nutrient supply

The cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed towards the surface of the skin because: A) they fill with melanin B) they are shed from the skin surface C) they are too far from their nutrient supply D) they are killed by pathogens

they are too far from their nutrient supply

As cells of the epidermis move from the stratum basale towards the stratum corneum of the skin: (Select all that apply) A) they begin to die B) they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis C) they get closer to their supply of nutrients D) they accumulate deposits of keratin

they begin to die they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis they accumulate deposits of keratin

An extracellular junction that forms an impermeable barrier is called a(n)

tight junction

A group of specialized cells that work together to perform a common function in the body is known as a(n) ---.

tissue

Merkel cells detect sensations of

touch.

Where may cartilage be found? A)Trachea B)Outer ear C)Ends of long bones D)All apply.

trachea, outer ear, ends of long bones (All apply.)

Epithelium that can change in response to tension (such as pressure) is called ---- epithelium.

transitional

The appendicular portion of the body includes the:

upper and lower limbs

Serous membranes provide lubricating fluid for the _____ cavity.

ventral

The spinal cord is located in the ---- canal.

vertebral or dorsal

Mucus secreted by mucous membranes mainly serves as a protection against

viruses and bacteria.

Which of the following are known carcinogens?

viruses, excessive radiation, and certain chemicals (All apply.)

Which of the following are known carcinogens? A) Viruses B) Excessive radiation C) Certain chemicals D) All apply.

viruses, excessive radiation, and certain chemicals (All apply.)

Osmosis is the passive movement of ______ through a selectively permeable membrane.

water

Which biological macromolecule functions as a source of quick energy for cells? A) Proteins B) Nucleic acids C) Carbohydrates D) Lipids E) Steroids

C) Carbohydrates

Which of the following does NOT describe the anatomical position? A) Standing erect B) Palms facing backward C) Face forward D) Toes pointing forward

B) Palms facing backward

Which tissue contains an extensive extracellular matrix?

Connective

The three types of muscle tissue are ---- muscle, ----- muscle, and ------ muscle.

Blank 1: skeletal Blank 2: cardiac Blank 3: smooth

Energy released from the molecule ------ is used to power chemical reactions within a cell.

ATP or adenosine triphosphate

------ connective tissue stores fat and also serves to protect internal organs.

Adipose

What type of connective tissue is made of enlarged fibroblasts that are filled with fat, and provides insulation, padding, and energy storage?

Adipose tissue

Which of the following is a type of loose fibrous connective tissue? A) Tendons B) Cartilage C) Adipose tissue D) Ligaments

Adipose tissue

Which consists of keratinized cells? A) Hair B) Nails C) Stratum corneum D) All apply.

All apply.

Urticaria

Allergic reaction characterized by reddish patches that are itchy

What are proteins composed of? Multiple choice question. A) Amino acids B) Fatty acids C) Nucleic acids D) Monosaccharides

Amino acids

Choose all of the ways that skin works with other organ systems to help maintain homeostasis. A) Assist kidneys in regulating water balance B) Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone C) Helps skeletal system maintain temperature D) Provides sensory information to the nervous system

Assist kidneys in regulating water balance Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone Provides sensory information to the nervous system

List the functions of the epithelial tissues. A) Regeneration of muscle B) Absorption C) Secretion D) Protection

B) Absorption C) Secretion D) Protection

The smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reactions is the A) molecule. B) atom. C) compound. D) neutrino.

B) Atom

The _______ region refers to the cheek. A) occipital B) buccal C) auricular D) mental

B) Buccal

Which system are the blood vessels part of? A) Endocrine B) Cardiovascular C) Reproductive D) Nervous

B) Cardiovascular

List the characteristics of connective tissue: A) can contract to produce movement B) consistency can vary from a solid to a liquid C) bind other tissues and organs together D) can transmit electrical information

B) Consistency can vary from a solid to a liquid. C) Bind other tissues and organs together.

The addition of water in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is a(n) ________ reaction. A) dehydration B) hydrolysis C) exchange D) neutralization

B) Hydrolysis

What happens to the chromosome number per cell as a result of mitosis? A) It is halved. B) It stays the same. C) It is doubled. D) It is tripled.

B) It stays the same.

Which pair does NOT correctly match a macromolecule with its monomer? A) carbohydrate - monosaccharide B) lipid - citric acid C) protein - amino acid D) nucleic acid - nucleotide

B) Lipid - Citric acid

The lower back is which region? A) Cephalic B) Lumbar C) Brachial D) Pectoral

B) Lumbar

Where does transcription occur in a human cell? A) Golgi apparatus B) Nucleus C) Lysosome D) Cytoplasm

B) Nucleus

What characteristic makes blood different from other types of connective tissue?

Blood matrix is not made by the blood cells.

What substances are found in bone?

Both calcium salts and collagen fibers

The cranial cavity houses which organ?

Brain

The atomic mass of a proton is A) 0 atomic mass units. B) 2 atomic mass units. C) 1 atomic mass unit. D) -1 atomic mass unit.

C) 1 atomic mass unit.

A tissue is defined as: A) A group of organs with a similar function. B) A group of molecules with similar function. C) A group of specialized cells with similar function. D) Organelles that are grouped together for dividing purposes.

C) A group of specialized cells with similar function.

What sequence of RNA would pair with the DNA sequence TAC-GCG? A) ATG-CAC B) CGC-GTA C) AUG-CGC D) UTG-CGC

C) AUG-CGC

A three-base sequence on DNA and therefore RNA codes for a(n) A) glucose. B) fatty acid. C) amino acid. D) steroid.

C) Amino acid

dentify parts of the human body that are covered with hair.

Back Head

The ------ ------ is part of the endomembrane system and consists of 3 to 20 slightly curved saccules.

Blank 1: Golgi Blank 2: apparatus, complex, apparatus, or body

The two major cavities of the body are the ------ and ------ cavities.

Blank 1: dorsal, posterior, or posterior (dorsal) Blank 2: ventral, anterior, or anterior (ventral)

A lowered body temperature is a condition called ------ , while an increased body temperature, sometimes associated with a fever, is a condition called ------.

Blank 1: hypothermia Blank 2: hyperthermia

The four major organic macromolecules that make up cells are ------ , lipids, ---- and nucleic acids.

Blank 1: proteins or protein Blank 2: carbohydrates or carbohydrate

Problems with aging skin can include dry, itchy, cracked skin from decreased ------ production and gray hair from a decrease in ------ production.

Blank 1: sebum Blank 2: melanin

The plasma membrane is said to be -------- ---------- because it only allows certain molecules to enter or leave the cell.

Blank 1: selectively or semi Blank 2: permeable

Which type of fiber found in connective tissue provides the most strength (while still allowing flexibility)?

Collagen

Which type of tissue binds and supports body parts?

Connective

Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching and gives it strength? A) Melanin B) Collagen fibers C) Adipose tissue D) Elastic fibers

Collagen fibers

Which muscle tissue has striated cells that branch and are not under voluntary control?

Cardiac

Which type of muscle has intercalated disks?

Cardiac muscle

Which type of muscle tissue contains branched fibers? A) Skeletal muscle B) Smooth muscle C) Cardiac muscleCorrect D) Skeletal and cardiac muscles

Cardiac muscle

What procedure uses a variety of drugs to kill cancer cells?

Chemotherapy

Select all that apply Which of the following are classified as steroids? Multiple select question. A) Cholesterol B) Glycerol C) Testosterone D) Phospholipid E) Estrogen

Cholesterol Testosterone Estrogen

The skin is waterproof, not allowing water to come in or out. Which protein is most responsible for this property?

Keratin

Where would a mucous membrane be found?

Lining tubes and organs that open to the outside

Which of the following is NOT an example of dense connective tissue?

Lymph nodes

Which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? A) Basal cell carcinoma B) Squamous cell carcinoma C) Melanoma D) Both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

Which of the membranes are made only of connective tissue?

Meninges

Which of the following feedback mechanisms work to maintain a relatively constant value, with very little fluctuation from the set point?

Negative

These cells make up more than half the volume of the brain, and support and protect neurons.

Neuroglia

Which of the following are changes that occur in the skin as it ages? Select all that apply. A) Decrease in subcutaneous fat B) Increase in body hair C) Decrease in melanocytes D) Increase in sebum production E) Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles

Decrease in subcutaneous fat Decrease in melanocytes Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles

What layer of the skin contains collagen fibers, glands, blood vessels, and sensory receptors?

Dermis

Where are the blood vessels that supply the epidermis with nutrients and oxygen located?

Dermis

When the body has trouble maintaining homeostasis, what can occur?

Disease

Which of these best describes a cell in interphase? A) The nuclear envelope has broken down and B) compact chromosomes are visible. C) Chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell. D) Chromosomes are located at the poles of the cell. E) The nucleus is intact and contains chromatin.

E) The nucleus is intact and contains chromatin.

Which of these is an inflammatory skin disorder caused by sensitivity to chemicals, heat or dryness?

Eczema

What type of cartilage makes up the frame of the outer ear?

Elastic cartilage

Which of the following allows movement of muscles and joints and maintains normal skin tension? A) Elastic fibers B) Collagen fibers C) Sensory fibers D) Dermal papillae

Elastic fibers

Which type of neuroglia line the ventricles of the brain?

Ependymal cells

Which type of tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities?

Epithelial

What type of cells can give rise to cutaneous carcinomas (also known as squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas)?

Epithelial cells

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect against UV damage? A) The skin is naturally protected by the production of a yellowish pigment called carotene. B) In the presence of sunlight, hemoglobin circulation increases in order to form a protective barrier. C) Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

True or false: Hair is normally found on all parts of the human body.

False

True or false: Polysaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are chemically combined.

False

True or false: The number of melanocytes in a person's skin determines how dark their skin tone will be.

False

True or false: Triglycerides and phospholipids have the same degree of water solubility.

False

Athlete's foot

Fungal growth characterized by red, itchy patches usually located on the feet

The final period of interphase when proteins are made that will be needed for cell division is

G2 phase.

Which extracellular junction allows for the transfer of materials between adjacent cells?

Gap junction

Select all of these that are accessory structures of the skin. A) Stratum basale B) Glands C) Nails D) Moles E) Hairs

Glands Nails Hairs

What cell types secrete mucus onto the free surface of the epithelium?

Goblet cell

Which of the following is the most common type of cartilage? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Elastic cartilage C) Fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage

Where does smooth muscle tissue occur in the body?

In the walls of veins and arteries In the walls of hollow organs

Which of the following are characteristics of nerve tissue: A) Its cells generate and conduct nerve signals. B) It responds to changes by transmitting nerve signals. C) The brain and spinal cord are composed of this tissue. D) Its main function is to protect the body surfaces.

Its cells generate and conduct nerve signals. It responds to changes by transmitting nerve signals. The brain and spinal cord are composed of this tissue.