anatomy ch. 6 study guide

Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of A) a calcified model. B) a fibrous connective-tissue model. C) a cartilage model. D) a membranous model. E) no model at all, just the presence of osteoblasts.

a cartilage model

When production of sex hormones increases, bone growth A) slows down. B) accelerates rapidly. C) increases slowly. D) is not affected. E) increases, but only in thickness.

accelerates rapidly

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called A) lacunae. B) lamellae. C) marrow cavities. D) canaliculi. E) matrices.

canaliculi

Bone contains all of the following, except A) collagen fibers. B) calcium phosphate. C) chondroitin sulfate. D) calcium carbonate. E) hydroxyapatite.

chondroitin sulfate

The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from a limited range of directions is ________ bone. A) irregular B) lamellar C) trabecular D) spongy E) compact

compact

The sternum is an example of a(n) ________ bone. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid

flat

The vertebrae are examples of ________ bones. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid

irregular

Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following, except A) protection. B) movement. C) support. D) storage. E) blood cell production.

movement

Cells that synthesize the organic components of the bone matrix are called A) osteocytes. B) osteoclasts. C) osteoblasts. D) osteoprogenitor cells. E) chondrocytes.

osteoblasts

Large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are called A) osteoprogenitor cells. B) osteocytes. C) osteoclasts. D) osteoblasts. E) chondrocytes.

osteoclasts

Mature bone cells are called A) osteons. B) chondrocytes. C) osteoclasts. D) osteoblasts. E) osteocytes.

osteocytes

Which of the following is not formed by intramembranous ossification? A) clavicle B) roof of the skull C) scapulae D) lower jaw E) both C and D

scapulate

The ankle bones are examples of ________ bones. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid

short

In the process of osteolysis, A) the bony matrix is dissolved to release the stored minerals. B) new bone is formed. C) osteoblasts form the osteoid that is later calcified. D) fractured bones repair themselves. E) an organic framework is formed.

the body matrix is dissolved to release the stored minerals

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification. 1. Blood vessels invade the perichondrium. 2. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone. 5. The perichondrium is converted into a periosteum and the inner layer produces bone. The correct order for these events is A) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2. B) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2. C) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2. D) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4. E) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2.

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

The following are major steps in the process of intramembranous ossification. 1. Clusters of osteoblasts form osteoid that becomes mineralized. 2. Osteoblasts cluster together to form an ossification center. 3. Small struts of bone called spicules radiate out from the ossification centers to join with neighboring spicules. 4. Osteoblasts differentiate within a connective tissue at the site of arterioles. The correct order for these events is A) 2, 1, 3, 4. B) 4, 2, 1, 3. C) 4, 1, 2, 3. D) 2, 3, 1, 4.

4, 2, 1, 3

The central canal of an osteon contains A) osteocytes. B) lacunae. C) blood vessels. D) concentric lamellae. E) bone marrow.

blood vessels

Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone A) thyroid hormone. B) testosterone. C) growth hormone. D) calcitonin. E) parathyroid hormone.

calcitonin

The most abundant mineral in the human body is A) sulfur. B) calcium. C) phosphorus. D) potassium. E) sodium.

calcium

Calcification refers to the A) deposition of calcium salts within a tissue. B) release of calcium from bone. C) formation of new bone tissue. D) repair of fractured bones. E) deposition of calcium salts within a bone.

deposition of calcium salts within a tissue

The shaft of a long bone is called the A) lamella. B) diaphysis. C) epiphysis. D) epiphyseal plate. E) metaphysis.

diaphysis

The lining of the marrow cavity is called the A) perimysium. B) periosteum. C) perichondrium. D) epimysium. E) endosteum.

endosteum

Secondary ossification centers occur A) in the medullary cavity of the diaphysis. B) in the center of the epiphyses. C) at the outer surface of the diaphysis. D) at the surface of the epiphyses. E) in the dermis of the skin.

in the center of the epiphyses

Osteoclast-activating factor does all of the following, except that it A) produces a severe osteoporosis. B) increases the activity of osteoclasts. C) increases the number of osteoclasts in bone. D) is released in larger concentrations earlier in life. E) is released by some cancer tumors.

is released in larger concentrations earlier in life

The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid

long

The medullary cavity of bones contains A) cartilage. B) compact bone. C) osteons. D) periosteum. E) marrow.

marrow

The tiny plates of bone material found in spongy bone are called A) osteons. B) interstitial lamellae. C) lacunae. D) concentric lamellae. E) trabeculae.

trabeculae