Anatomy Chapter 13

This portion of the brain secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps to regulate the body's circadian rhythm. A)Habenular nucleus B)Anterior nucleus C)Pineal gland D)Mammillary body E)Paraventricular nucleus

C

Which are the midbrain nuclei that produce dopamine, and thereby affect motor control? A)Red nuclei B)Cerebral nuclei C)Substantianigra D)Arcuatenuclei

C

Which is the most anterior cranial nerve? A)Trochlear B)Optic C)Olfactory D)Oculomotor E)Accessory

C

Which nucleus is part of the lentiform nucleus thatcontrols muscular movement at the subconscious level? A)Amygdaloid body B)Caudate nucleus C)Putamen D)Dentate nucleus E)Claustrum

C

Which of the cranial meninges consists of dense irregular connective tissue in two layers (the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer)? A) Pia mater B) Arachnoid C) Dura mater D) Subdural layer E) Subarachnoid layer

C

Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus? A) Pons B) Medulla oblongata C) Diencephalon D) Cerebrum E) Cerebellum

C

Which skills are associated with the right hemisphere for most individuals? A)Language and task sequencing B)Categorization and symbolization C)Visuospatial skills and music D)Mathematics and the partitioning of information into small fragments

C

Which structure plays a crucial role in filtering out the irrelevantnoise at a crowded party so that you can listen to someone speaking to you? A)Thalamus B)Hypothalamus C)Epithalamus

C

Which structure serves as the main relay point for sensory information that is headedto a primary sensory region of thecerebral cortex? A)Hypothalamus B)Epithalamus C)Thalamus D)Pineal body E)Pons

C

The prefrontal cortex changes very little after age 10. Therefore, in its structure and maturity this brain region in a teenager is similar to that of an adult.

FALSE

The inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the midbrain.

FALSE

The pituitary gland secretes melatonin, which is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

FALSE

The sleep-wake cycle and the sex drive are both regulated by the A)pons. B)thalamus. C)hypothalamus. D)olive.

C

While out on a walk, which nucleus will your brain use to help determine the origin of a sound such as a dog barking? A)Superior olivary nucleus B)Superior colliculus C)Nucleus gracilis D)Nucleus cuneatus

A

The part of the limbic system involved in storing memories and forming long-term memory is the A)cingulate gyrus. B)amygdaloid body. C)fornix. D)mammillary body. E)hippocampus.

E

The partition between the lateral ventricles is the A)central canal. B)interventricular foramen. C)mesencephalic aqueduct. D)ventricular canal. E)septum pellucidum.

E

The Wernicke area is the motor speech area of the frontal lobe.

FALSE

The cerebral aqueduct carries CSF from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.

FALSE

72) The portion of the brain involved primarily with vision is the A)occipital lobe. B)temporal lobe. C)insula. D)parietal lobe. E)frontal lobe.

A

A lesion in the _____ is likely to affect thinking, planning, and overall personality, as this brain region plays a significant role in cognition. A)prefrontal cortex B)olfactory bulb C)reticular activating system D)premotor cortex

A

A lesion in the _____ may result in difficulty forming long-term memories because this limbic system structure is critical to memory consolidation. A)hippocampus B)pineal gland C)cingulate gyrus D)superior olivary nucleus

A

A person with damage to the frontal eye field A)cannot read a sentence but can understand spoken words. B)cannot read a sentence and cannot understand spoken words. C)can read a sentence but does not understand what is read. D)can read a sentence and can understand what is read.

A

After the cerebellum receives proprioceptive information from muscles carrying out a voluntary movement, where does it send corrective feedback? A)Primary motor cortex and cerebral nuclei B)Primary somatosensory cortex and primary motor cortex C)Premotor cortex and Broca area D)Premotor cortex and somatosensory association area

A

An electroencephalogram measures A)electrical activity in the brain. B)blood flow in the brain. C)the use of glucose in the brain. D)the production of CSF in the brain.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the A)choroid plexus .B)arachnoid villi. C)arachnoid granulation. D)septum pellucidum. E)mesencephalic aqueduct.

A

Cognition is generally thought to be governed by A)association areas of the cerebrum. B)gray matter of the cerebellum. C)the reticular formation of the brainstem. D)primary sensorycortices and projection tracts. E)the corpus callosum.

A

Commissural tracts A)extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. B)connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere. C)connect different regions within a lobe. D)connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. E)link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

A

Damage to which lobe of the brain (that normally plans appropriate behavior) has been most frequently associated with personality abnormalities? A)Frontal B)Parietal C)Occipital D)Temporal E)Insula

A

Dural venous sinuses are areas where A) the meningeal andperiosteal layers separate to form large blood-filled spaces. B) cerebrospinal fluid is produced. C) cerebrospinal fluid is stored. D) large numbers of nuclei congregate. E) glial cells are formed.

A

Following a head injury, a young woman frequently loses her temper and is often depressed and otherwise "moody." What part of the brain do you think has been damaged? A)Amygdaloid body B)Caudate nucleus C)Putamen D)Globus pallidus E)Claustrum

A

Formation of new memories involves the ________, and storage of long-term memories primarily involves the ________. A)hippocampus; association areas of the cerebrum B)habenula; amygdaloid body C)amygdala; reticular formation D)cerebellum; corpus callosum E)lateral ventricles; hippocampus

A

In cross-section, the outermost portion of the cerebellum is composed of A) the cerebellar cortex. B) the arbor vitae. C) cerebral peduncles. D) cerebellar nuclei.

A

Lobes of the brain are named for the bones that protect them, and these lobes are part of the A)cerebrum. B)cerebellum. C)diencephalon. D)metencephalon.

A

Most commonly, which cerebral hemisphere is responsible for controlling speech? A)Left B)Right

A

Neural tissue develops in the embryo from a portion of the A)ectoderm. B)endoderm. C)mesoderm.

A

Non-REM sleep A)comprises most of our sleep time. B)is characterized by movements of the eyes. C)is where we have our most memorable dreams. D)is a time when the brain is very active.

A

Paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres, inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle, are the A)cerebral nuclei. B)corpus callosi. C)inferior colliculi. D)interthalamic adhesions. E)ventricular connections.

A

The _____ component of the reticular formation is called the reticular activating system (RAS). A)sensory B)motor

A

The ______ hemisphere is known for its involvement in categorization, symbolization, and analytical reasoning. A)left B)right

A

The brain ventricle located in the diencephalon is the _____ ventricle. A)third B)lateral C)fourth D)median E)falx

A

The cerebral cortex consists of ______ matter. A) gray B) white

A

The cranial nerve responsible for movement of the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles is the __________ nerve. A)oculomotor B)trochlear C)abducens D)trigeminal E)hypoglossal

A

The feet of the sensory homunculus are located A)medially on the postcentral gyrus. B)medially on the precentral gyrus. C)laterally on the postcentral gyrus. D)laterally on the precentral gyrus.

A

The limbic system allows A)processing and experiencing of emotion. B)bending over backwards. C)perception of language. D)expression of language. E)retrieving memories from a long time ago.

A

The medulla oblongata contains the A)pyramids. B)tectal plate. C)cerebral peduncles. D)superior olivary nuclei.

A

The meninx composed of a thin layer of delicate areolar connective tissue that follows every contour of the brain surface is the A)pia mater. B)arachnoid mater. C)dura mater. D)periosteal layer. E)subdural layer.

A

The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebrum is derived from which secondary brain vesicle? A)Telencephalon B)Diencephalon C)Myelencephalon D)Metencephalon E)Mesencephalon

A

The prefrontal cortex A)has axons that continue to myelinate well into our 20s. B)matures soon after birth. C)is primarily responsible for understanding spoken or written language. D)processes raw visual information, putting it into context.

A

The superior colliculi help you respond to A)visual stimuli—for example, when you turn toward a bright flash of light. B)auditory stimuli—for example, when you turn toward a loud bang. C)somatic stimuli—for example, when you swat at a bug that has landed on your arm. D)internal stimuli from your viscera—for example, when you feel abdominal pain.

A

The superior olivary complex is involved in detecting the A) location of a sound. B) brightness of a light. C) flavor of a taste. D) intensity of a smell. E) texture of a touch stimulus.

A

This portion of the brain forms part of the roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle. Its posterior portion houses the pineal gland and the habenular nuclei. A)Epithalamus B)Thalamus C)Hypothalamus D)Cerebellum E)Infundibulum

A

Which cranial nerve is composed of only motor fibers? A) VI B) VIII C) IX D) V E) I

A

Which of the five cerebral lobes is the one not visible on the surface of the brain? A)Insula B)Temporal C)Frontal D)Occipital E)Parietal

A

Which of the following contains descending axon bundles carrying voluntary motor commands from the primary motor cortex? A)Cerebral peduncle B)Cerebellar peduncle C)Cerebral aqueduct D)Substantia nigra

A

Which of the following is false regarding sleep? A)The longest bouts of REM sleep occur early in the night, with shorter REM periods toward the morning. B)During REM sleep, the brain uses as much oxygen as when the individual is awake. C)Different stages of non-REM sleep are characterized by different brain waves. D)REM sleep is important for memory processing and consolidation.

A

Which structures form the lentiform nucleus? A)Putamen and globus pallidus B)Globus pallidus and caudate nucleus C)Caudate nucleus and claustrum D)Putamen and claustrum E)Amygdaloid body and globus pallidus

A

Which would be the correct order of brain area activation if one were to understand a sentence and repeat it aloud? A)Wernicke area, Broca area, primary motor cortex B)Primary motorcortex, Broca area, Wernicke area C)Broca area, Wernicke area, primary motor cortex D)Wernicke area, primary motor cortex, Broca area E)Broca area, primary motor cortex,Wernicke area

A

Select all the brain areas containing autonomic nuclei involved in controlling respiration (breathing). A)Pons B)Medulla oblongata C)Midbrain D)Cerebellum

A, B

Which of the following are examples of subconscious, programmed motor patterns controlled by either the cerebellum, midbrain, or cerebral nuclei? Select all that apply. A)Swinging the arms while walking B)Riding a skateboard C)Jumping back when suddenly startled D)Solving a complex math problem

A, B, C

Select all that apply. The limbic system includes the A)amygdaloid body. B)parahippocampal gyrus. C)Broca area. D)olfactory cortex.

A, B, D

Select all that are components of the limbic system. A)Cingulate gyrus B)Prefrontal cortex C)Reticular formation D)Hippocampus

A, D

A brain ventricle located in the cerebrum is the _____ ventricle. A) third B) lateral C) fourth D) median E) falx

B

A memory that has lasted over a weekend is described as a A) short-term memory. B) long-term memory.

B

A sickle-shaped vertical partition that divides the left and right cerebellar hemispheres is the A) diaphrag masellae. B) falx cerebelli. C) tentorium cerebelli. D) superior sagittal sinus. E) falx cerebri.

B

Axons of the corticospinal tract cross the brainstem at the A)middle cerebellar peduncle of the pons. B)decussation of the pyramids in the medulla oblongata. C)primary fissure of the cerebellum. D)cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain. E)hypoglossal canal.

B

During a mugging, a person experiences an extreme level of fear. What portion of the limbic system is responsible for this and other emotional states? A)Cingulate gyrus B)Amygdaloid body C)Fornix D)Mammillary bodies E)Hippocampus

B

One function of the brain's frontal lobe is A)smell. B)verbal communication. C)hearing. D)speech interpretation. E)vision.

B

Projection tracts A)extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. B)link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. C)connect different regions within a lobe. D)connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. E)connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.

B

The cranial nerve that passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is the __________ nerve. A)optic B)olfactory C)trigeminal D)oculomotor E)abducens

B

The lateral sulcus is superior to the A)occipital lobe. B)temporal lobe C)insula D)parietal lobe E)frontal lobe

B

The meninx composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers is the A)pia mater. B)arachnoid mater. C)dura mater. D)periosteal layer. E)subarachnoid layer.

B

The middle cerebral peduncles connect the cerebellum to the A) spinal cord. B) pons. C) medulla. D) midbrain. E) diencephalon.

B

The opening of the neural tube that is closest to the future head is the A)anterior neuralfold. B)cranial neuropore. C)rostral neural groove. D)caudal neural canal. E)neural crest aperture.

B

The primary gustatory cortex processes information about ________ and is located in the ______. A)sound; cerebellum B)taste; insula C)taste; frontal lobe D)smell; parietal lobe E)smell; temporal lobe

B

The primary vesicle from which the metencephalon arises is the A)diencephalon. B)rhombencephalon. C)mesencephalon. D)myelencephalon. E)prosencephalon.

B

The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called A)gyri.B)sulci.C)ventricles.D)syncitia.

B

The tectal plate(corpora quadrigemina) is part of what portion of the brain? A)Diencephalon B)Brainstem C)Thalamus D)Telencephalon E)Epithalamus

B

What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep? a: Dura mater b: Pia mater c: Arachnoid mater A)a, b, c B)a, c, b C)b, a, c D)b, c, a E)c, b, a

B

What is the name of the brainstem sensory area that contains axons that project to the cerebral cortex to arouse us from sleep? A)Habenular nucleus B)Reticular activating system C)Mammillary body D)Hippocampus E)Parahippocampal gyrus

B

Which nucleus stimulates the muscles to produce the pattern of arm and leg movements associated with walking? A)Amygdaloid body B)Caudate nucleus C)Putamen D)Globus pallidus E)Claustrum

B

Which secondary brain vesicle forms the portion of the adult brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus? A)Telencephalon B)Diencephalon C)Myelencephalon D)MetencephalonE)Mesencephalon

B

Your memories of the sights and sounds of your elementary school are probably stored in A)the arbor vitae of your cerebellum. B)association cortex areas of your cerebrum. C)your hippocampus and amygdala. D)your thalamus and hypothalamus. E)your limbic system and cranial nerves.

B

A football player can hear his coach's voice above the noise of the crowd and can sense an opponent about to run him down. These abilities are due to the action of what part of the brain? A)Hypothalamus B)Epithalamus C)Thalamus D)Pineal body E)Pons

C

Bell palsy is a condition characterized by paralysis of facial muscles, eyelid droop, and sagging at the corners of the mouth. What nerve is affected in this condition? A)Olfactory B)Trigeminal C)Facial D)Accessory E)Hypoglossal

C

Clusters of gray matter that contain neuron cell bodies and lie within masses of white matter are the A) cortex. B) cerebral ganglia. C) cerebral nuclei. D) cerebral peduncles. E) ventricles.

C

In human brain anatomy, the term ______ is synonymous with anterior. A)caudal B)dorsal C)rostral

C

Interpretation of emotion is governed by the _______, and expression of emotion is governed by the ________. A)hippocampus; hypothalamus B)hypothalamus; hippocampus C)limbic system; prefrontal cortex D)prefrontal cortex; amygdala E)endocrine system; association cortex

C

The advances in higher-order brain functioning that happen from birth to age five correlate with A)an increase in the number of brain neurons. B)completion of PNS myelination. C)an increase in total brain size and complexity. D)completion of myelination of the frontal cortex.

C

The amount of CSF within the brain at any given moment is approximately A)600 ml. B)1,200 ml. C)130 ml. D)12 ml. E)4,800 ml.

C

The blood-brain barrier is made up of A) microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells. B) ependymal cellsand venous blood vessels. C) astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells. D) astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses. E) astrocyte perivascular feet and the falx cerebri.

C

The blood-brain barrier is reduced or missing from three locations in the brain. Which is not one of these locations? A)Hypothalamus B)Pineal gland C)Cerebrum D)Choroid plexus

C

The brain region that exerts significant control over the endocrine system is the A) pons. B) thalamus. C) hypothalamus. D) epithalamus.

C

The brain ventricle located between the pons and the cerebellum is the _____ ventricle. A)third B)lateral C)fourth D)median E)falx

C

The cranial nerve that innervates smooth muscle and glands of the heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs is the ___________ nerve. A)facial B)trigeminal C)vagus D)accessory E)hypoglossal

C

The horizontally-oriented fold of dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the A)diaphrag masellae. B)falx cerebelli. C)tentorium cerebelli. D)superior sagittal sinus. E)falx cerebri.

C

The portion of the adult brain that includes the medulla oblongata is derived from which secondary brain vesicle? A)Telencephalon B)Diencephalon C)Myelencephalon D)Metencephalon E)Mesencephalon

C

The reticular formation is an area of the brain that A) is sensory in function. B) is motor infunction. C) has sensory and motor components. D) serves higher-order cognitive functions.

C

Arrange the primary brain vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order. a: Rhombencephalon b: Mesencephalon c: Prosencephalon A)a, c, b B)b, a, c C)a, b, c D)c, b, a E)c, a, b

D

As motor tracts descend to the brainstem, they become the anterolateral surfaces of the midbrain known as the A) inferior colliculi. B) accessory nerves. C) inferior olivary complexes. D) cerebral peduncles. E) substantianigra.

D

Association areas A)correlate information from opposite sides of the brain. B)correlate similar functions from different lobes on the same side of the brain. C)correlate similar functions from the same lobes on the opposite side of the brain. D)integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences. E)integrate out going motor information.

D

The corpus callosum allows cortical regions within the same cerebral hemisphere to communicate.

FALSE

Association tracts A)connect different regions of the cerebral cortex with the opposite hemisphere. B)extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. C)link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. D)connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. E)None of the choices is correct.

D

Excess CSF is removed from the subarachnoid space by A) the medianaperture. B) microglia. C) astrocytes. D) arachnoid villi. E) the choroid plexus.

D

List these events in the correct order for CSF flow in the CNS. a: CSF flows into the arachnoid villi b: CSF enters the blood c: CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle d: CSF flows into the subarachnoid space e: CSF is produced by the choroid plexus A)a, b, c, e, d B)e, a, b, c, d C)c, d, a, e, b D)e, c, d, a, b E)e, d, a, b, c

D

The __________ is composed of multiple structures that collaboratively process and contribute to the experience of emotions. A)medulla oblongata B)cerebellum C)hypothalamus D)limbic system E)cerebellar peduncle

D

The lobe that is immediately posterior to the central sulcus and that is involved in general sensory functions is the A)occipital lobe. B)temporal lobe. C)insula. D)parietal lobe. E)frontal lobe.

D

The vasomotor center is an important regulator of ________ and is located in the ________. A)voluntary movement; frontal lobe B)blood pressure; pons C)visual reflexes; pons D)blood pressure; medulla oblongata. E)visual reflexes; midbrain

D

This nucleus both excites and inhibits the activities of the thalamus to control and adjust muscle tone. A)Amygdaloid body B)Caudate nucleus C)Putamen D)Globus pallidus E)Claustrum

D

This portion of the brain ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern leading to smooth, coordinated movements. A)Pons B)Medulla oblongata C)Cerebrum D)Cerebellum E)Epithalamus

D

Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A) CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain. B) CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. C) CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain. D) CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue. E) CSF provides a liquid cushion to protect the brain from sudden movements.

D

Which part of the brain contains the arbor vitae? A)Pons B)Medulla oblongata C)Cerebrum D)Cerebellum E)Epithalamus

D

Which portion of the brain adjusts skeletal muscle activity to maintain equilibrium and posture? A)Pons B)Medulla oblongata C)Cerebrum D)Cerebellum E)Epithalamus

D

The epithalamus is composed of the pituitary gland and habenular nucleus.

FALSE

A patient visits her doctor and explains that since being hit on the cheek with a hockey puck she has been suffering from dry eyes and a dry mouth. It's apparent to the doctor that, because both lacrimal secretion and salivary secretion are affected, there may be damage to the ____________ nerve. A)Trigeminal B)Hypoglossal C)Glossopharyngeal D)Abducens E)Facial

E

Arrange the five secondary vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order. a: Diencephalon b: Myelencephalon c: Telencephalon d: Metencephalon e: Mesencephalon A)b, a, c, d, e B)a, b, c, d, e C)b, c, a, e, d D)c, d, e, a, b E)c, a, e, d, b

E

Cerebral lateralization refers to the A)difficulty in assigning a precise function to a specific region of the cortex. B)generalization that both cerebral hemispheres receive their sensory information from and project motor commands to the opposite side of the body. C)separation of the various lobes of the brain from each other. D)crisscrossing of information between the two hemispheres. E)functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

E

The largest of the four dural septa, this large, sickle-shaped vertical fold of dura mater separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres. A)Diaphrag masellae B)Falx cerebelli C)Tentorium cerebelli D)Superior sagittal sinus E)Falx cerebri

E

The location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions is the A)cerebellum. B)pons. C)hypothalamus. D)corpus callosum. E)cerebrum.

E

The major pathway of communication between the right and left hemispheres is the A)cerebral gyri. B)cerebral sulci. C)longitudinal fissure. D)hypothalamus. E)corpus callosum.

E

The hypothalamus exerts master control over the motor system.

FALSE

The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, and inferior colliculi is derived from which secondary brain vesicle? A)Telencephalon B)Diencephalon C)Myelencephalon D)Metencephalon E)Mesencephalon

E

Which portion of the brain is posterior to the fourth ventricle? A)Pons B)Thalamus C)Medulla oblongata D)Hypothalamus E)Cerebellum

E

Brain activity is decreased during sleep. In fact, the brainstem typically shows no activity at all.

FALSE

Cerebrospinal fluid is identical to blood plasma.

FALSE

Gray matter derives its color from the myelinated axons that compose it.

FALSE

Lipid-soluble compounds are incapable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier.

FALSE

Most of the gyri and sulci of the human brain develop very early in the fetal period.

FALSE

Prefrontal cortex axons generally complete myelination by the time puberty is reached.

FALSE

Alpha and beta waves are typically seen in an awake, alert adult, and indicate a brain functioning normally.

TRUE

Damages to the amygdaloid body result in atypical expressions of emotion.

TRUE

Functions of the hypothalamus include regulation ofbody temperature and water intake.

TRUE

Generally, the left cerebral hemisphere issues motor commands for the right side of the body.

TRUE

In both the cerebrum and the cerebellum, white matter lies deep to superficial gray matter.

TRUE

One function of the reticular formation is to assist in the regulation of respiration and blood pressure.

TRUE

The brain floats within the cerebrospinal fluid.

TRUE

The brain ventricles are continuous with one another and with the central canal of the spinal cord.

TRUE

The frontal eye field is immediately anterior to the premotor cortex.

TRUE

The gray matter of the brain houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

TRUE

The inferior colliculi are auditory reflex centers of the midbrain.

TRUE

The left hemisphere is dominant for speech in almost all right-handed people and in many left-handed ones.

TRUE

The medulla oblongata contains a cardiac center and a medullary respiratory center.

TRUE

The vestibulocochlear nerve is the only cranial nerve that doesn't exit the skull via an opening or foramen.

TRUE

The white matter of the brain derives its color from myelin.

TRUE